云南森林脑炎病毒生物学性状研究

1989年从云南省怒江州捕获的两组卵形硬蜱和一高热患者血中分离到3株病毒,对乳小白鼠和鸡胚敏感,并能在多种组织培养细胞上增殖产生病变。能凝集多种动物红细胞,血凝最适pH为6.2和6.6。电镜观察病毒呈球形,有包膜,直径40～62nm.不耐酸,不耐乙醚,属RNA病毒。保护力试验表明森林脑炎病毒免疫血清对新分离株有保护作用,经交叉血抑试验、交叉中和试验鉴定属披膜病毒科黄病毒属蜱媒脑炎亚组中的森林脑炎病毒。     

内蒙古大兴安岭林区森林脑炎自然疫源地调查报告

１９９２－１９９３年，我们对内蒙古大兴安岭林区进行森林脑炎自然疫源地调查。选择南，北，中三个方位，共捕蜱９８２只，分离到３株森林脑炎病毒（编号９３０２，９３０５，９３０８）。并从可疑森脑死亡者脑组织中分离到１株森林脑炎病毒（９３Ｈ）。从而证实内蒙古大兴安岭为森林脑炎自然疫源地。     

森林脑炎病毒分子生物学研究进展

森林脑炎病毒(Tick—brone encephalitis virus,TBEV)属于黄病毒科黄病毒属蜱传脑炎血清亚组成员。TBEV根据系统发生学分为欧洲亚型、远东亚型、西伯利亚亚型三个亚型,前者主要经蓖籽硬蜱传播,后两者主要经全沟硬蜱传播。TBEV流行于欧洲、前苏联、日本、中国,在我国东北的长白山、大小兴安岭及云南、新疆均有森林脑炎自然疫源地存在     

大兴安岭林区森林脑炎流行病学研究

内蒙古大兴安岭林区９０年代初被确定为森林脑炎（Ｔｉｃｋ－ｂｏｒｎｅｅｎｃｅｐｈａｌｉ－ｔｉｓ,简称森脑）自然疫源地,林区人群均存在森林脑炎病毒感染,尤以男性青壮年为高危人群〔１、２〕。为探索森脑的流行特征,发病规律及临床表现,为制定防治措施提供依据,...     

230例森林脑炎临床分析

２３０例森林脑炎临床分析李华，朱建华，潘文华森林脑炎（Ｔｉｃｋ－ｂｏｒｎｅｅｎｃｅｐｈａｌｉｔｉｓ，简称森脑）是由森林脑炎病毒引起的急性中枢神经系统传染病。多发生在春夏季，以高热、头痛、意识障碍、颈强直和肢体瘫痪为临床特征。蜱为传播媒介，人群普遍易感...     

森林脑炎230例临床分析

森林脑炎是由森林脑炎病毒所引起的急性中枢神经系统传染病。多发生在春夏季,蜱为传播媒介,人群普遍易感。现对我林区近5年来的感染发病情况做一回顾性分析,以加深对本病的认识和重视。临床资料一、一般资料230例均为1990～1995年间经血清学和临床而确诊,男178例,女52例,年龄14～60岁,平均25.2岁。均生活在疫区,有明确蜱咬史,叮咬部位依次为腋下、上肢及头颈部。潜伏期2～35天,平均8.5天。于发病1周内采血,用间接免疫荧光(IFA)     

森林脑炎疫苗研究进展

森林脑炎(tick-bome encephalitis，TBE)是一种由森林脑炎病毒引起的以侵袭中枢神经系统为主的自然疫源性疾病。临床特征是突然高热、意识障碍、头痛、颈强直、上肢与颈部及肩胛肌瘫痪．后遗症多见，病死率高达20％～30％。     

森林脑炎发病人群结构分析

森林脑炎(Forest encephalitis)亦称为蜱媒脑炎(Tickbome encphalitis)作为典型的自然疫源性疾病,每年造成一定量人群的发病。并长期以来被认为是东北林区职工的职业病,但随着人类活动的变化,尤其是生产生活范围的扩大,森林脑炎病人群结构亦发生了一定变化。本文将10年来我院收的439例病人进行分析,阐明森林脑炎病的人群结构的变     

俄专家推测森林脑炎病毒会引起自体免疫反应

据医学空间网4月11日报道，俄罗斯研究人员最近研究发现，森林脑炎(又称蜱传脑炎)病毒会导致人体产生异常的自体抗体，对人的中枢神经系统造成破坏。     

Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV) Infection in Two Horses

A final diagnosis in a horse with clinical signs of encephalopathy can be challenging despite the use of extensive diagnostics. Clinical signs are often not pathognomonic and need to be interpreted in combination with (specific) laboratory results and epidemiological data of the geographical region of the origin of the case(s). Here we describe the diagnostic pathway of tick-borne encephalitis virus infection in two horses using established molecular diagnostic methods and a novel in situ hybridization technique to differentiate between regionally important/emerging diseases for central Europe: (i) hepatoencephalopathy, (ii) Borna disease virus, and (iii) West Nile virus infections.     

FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis (ME) panel in the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis

The precise diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is essential. Cytological and biochemical examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are not specific. Conventional methods for bacterial meningitis lack sensitivity or take too long for a final result. Therefore, other methods for rapid and accurate diagnosis of central nervous system infections are required. FilmArray meningitis/encephalitis (ME) panel is a PCR multiplex for simultaneous and rapid identification of 14 pathogens, including 6 bacteria, 7 viruses, and Cryptococcus. We evaluated 436 CSF samples submitted to FilmArray ME Panel. Among them, 25 cases were positive for bacteria, being Streptococcus pneumonia the most frequent (48 %). Among positive cases for bacteria, 60 % were positive only with FilmArray. All the bacterial meningitis cases in which the only positive test was FilmArray had CSF findings suggestive of bacterial meningitis, including neutrophilic pleocytosis, increased CSF protein and lactate, and decreased CSF glucose. These findings suggest that FilmArray may increase the diagnostic sensitivity for bacterial meningitis.     

Computational and Rational Design of Single-Chain Antibody against Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus for Modifying Its Specificity

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes 5−7 thousand cases of human meningitis and encephalitis annually. The neutralizing and protective antibody ch14D5 is a potential therapeutic agent. This antibody exhibits a high affinity for binding with the D3 domain of the glycoprotein E of the Far Eastern subtype of the virus, but a lower affinity for the D3 domains of the Siberian and European subtypes. In this study, a 2.2-fold increase in the affinity of single-chain antibody sc14D5 to D3 proteins of the Siberian and European subtypes of the virus was achieved using rational design and computational modeling. This improvement can be further enhanced in the case of the bivalent binding of the full-length chimeric antibody containing the identified mutation.     

云南省乙型脑炎流行与防治现状调查

目的了解云南省乙型脑炎流行变化和趋势，为制定防治方案和策略提供科学依据。方法收集2002～2005年云南省乙脑疫情资料，采用乙型脑炎病例个案凋查表进行现场既往流行病学个案调查，应用诱蚊灯和吸蚊管人工捕蚊方法进行现场传播媒介调查，同时进行防治现状调查。结果2002～2004年全省报告乙脑病例1272例，发病率在1‰～1．84‰的县市有8个，每年平均有69个县（市）有病例报告，多集中在6～9月发病。2005年全省报告乙脑病例426例，比2004年397例上升12．40％；死亡22例，上升69．23％，病死率5．16％，上升50．44％。全省16个州（市）中有15个州（市）有乙脑病例报告。既往流行病学个案调查6个县（市）17例，其中儿童发病12例（占70．59％），治疗后有严重后遗症4例（致残率23．53％），死亡4例（病死率23．53％）；媒介调查12个县（市），乙脑主要传播媒介三带喙库蚊为当地的主要优势蚊种（58．10％）；防治现状调查了15个州（市）26个县，主要采取的防治措施为：疫情监测、健康教育、疫点灭蚊喷洒、乙脑疫苗接种。其中疫苗预防接种调查8个州（市）26个县，年接种率在0．10％～9．58％之间。结论1）云南省乙型脑炎发病多、分布较广，儿童发病、致残、病死率较高；2）乙脑的主要传播媒介三带喙库蚊在云南省广泛分布；3）人群乙脑疫苗预防接种率较低，特别是农村儿童接种覆盖率非常低。     

Novel Approaches for Preventing or Limiting Events (Naples) III Trial: Randomized Comparison of Bivalirudin Versus Unfractionated Heparin in Patients at Increased Risk of Bleeding Undergoing Transfemoral Elective Coronary Stenting

ObjectivesThis study sought to assess the safety and the efficacy of bivalirudin compared with unfractionated heparin (UFH) alone in the subset of patients at increased risk of bleeding undergoing transfemoral elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundBivalirudin, a synthetic direct thrombin inhibitor, determines a significant decrease of in-hospital bleeding following PCI.MethodsThis is a single-center, investigator-initiated, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Consecutive biomarker-negative patients at increased bleeding risk undergoing PCI through the femoral approach were randomized to UFH (UFH group; n = 419) or bivalirudin (bivalirudin group; n = 418). The primary endpoint was the rate of in-hospital major bleeding.ResultsThe primary endpoint occurred in 11 patients (2.6%) in the UFH group versus 14 patients (3.3%) in the bivalirudin group (odds ratio: 0.78; 95% confidence interval: 0.35 to 1.72; p = 0.54). Distribution of access-site and non–access-site bleeding was 18% and 82% in the UFH group versus 50% and 50% in the bivalirudin group (p = 0.10).ConclusionsThe results of this randomized study, carried out at a single institution, suggest that there is no difference in major bleeding rate between bivalirudin and UFH in increased-risk patients undergoing transfemoral PCI. (Novel Approaches in Preventing and Limiting Events III Trial: Bivalirudin in High-Risk Bleeding Patients [NAPLES III]; NCT01465503)     

Protection against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) for people living in and travelling to TBE-endemic areas

Once considered a local health issue confined to certain regions in Russia and Central and Eastern Europe, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is now considered an international health concern, and the most important and widespread viral disease transmitted by ticks in Europe. The number of reported TBE cases continues to increase in many endemic regions, and new foci have been identified. Increases in travel, access to high-risk areas, and the pursuit of leisure activities within TBE-endemic areas are placing more people at risk of TBE. Travellers from non-endemic regions are often unaware of the risk of acquiring TBE and therefore many travellers are not protected against TBE. Active immunization is the most effective way to avoid TBE and its potentially life-threatening sequelae. After a tick bite, no post-exposure treatment including active/passive vaccination is available or recommended in the immunologically naive patient. Available vaccines have undergone a series of modifications and improvement in both composition (with special formulations for children) and schedules to further enhance the safety of immunization and to meet the needs of vaccinees. Efforts to develop internationally recognized recommendations for TBE vaccination for travellers are underway.     

Aerosolized red-tide toxins (brevetoxins) and asthma

BACKGROUND: With the increasing incidence of asthma, there is increasing concern over environmental exposures that may trigger asthma exacerbations. Blooms of the marine microalgae, Karenia brevis, cause red tides (or harmful algal blooms) annually throughout the Gulf of Mexico. K brevis produces highly potent natural polyether toxins, called brevetoxins, which are sodium channel blockers, and possibly histamine activators. In experimental animals, brevetoxins cause significant bronchoconstriction. In humans, a significant increase in self-reported respiratory symptoms has been described after recreational and occupational exposures to Florida red-tide aerosols, particularly among individuals with asthma. METHODS: Before and after 1 h spent on beaches with and without an active K brevis red-tide exposure, 97 persons >or= 12 years of age with physician-diagnosed asthma were evaluated by questionnaire and spirometry. Concomitant environmental monitoring, water and air sampling, and personal monitoring for brevetoxins were performed. RESULTS: Participants were significantly more likely to report respiratory symptoms after K brevis red-tide aerosol exposure than before exposure. Participants demonstrated small, but statistically significant, decreases in FEV(1), midexpiratory phase of forced expiratory flow, and peak expiratory flow after exposure, particularly among those participants regularly using asthma medications. No significant differences were detected when there was no Florida red tide (ie, during nonexposure periods). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated objectively measurable adverse changes in lung function from exposure to aerosolized Florida red-tide toxins in asthmatic subjects, particularly among those requiring regular therapy with asthma medications. Future studies will assess these susceptible subpopulations in more depth, as well as the possible long-term effects of these toxins.     

Studies on cyclic AMP metabolism in human epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) cells.

Cultured human epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) cells were found to contain a highly responsive, catecholamine-sensitive adenyl cyclase activity in cellfree preparations. By contrast, cyclic AMP levels in intact HEp-2 cells were at best only marginally increased by catecholamines under a variety of conditions. The lack of an intact cell response could not be accounted for by escape of cyclic AMP to the medium, excessive phosphodiesterase activity, inactivation of the catecholamine, or by unusual kinetics of the system. However, in the presence of 1-methyl,3-iso-butylxanthine (MIX), a potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor, a moderate catecholamine response was observed in the intact cells. A significant elevation of cyclic AMP levels in the presence of MIX was observed at 0.3 muM epinephrine, and maximal levels occurred at 10 muM. Norepinephrine was much less effective than either epinephrine or isopropylnorepinephrine at 10 muM concentrations. In addition, intact cells slowly but steadily released cyclic AMP into the incubation medium over the course of 60-min incubations in the presence of MIX and epinephrine; maximum intracellular levels were reached by 5 min.