Transcranial colour-coded duplex sonography of cerebral arteriovenous malformations

A transcranial colour-coded duplex sonography (TCCD) study was performed to evaluate the sensitivity of detection and the feasibility of visualising details of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). We prospectively examined 15 patients with 2 large (> 4 cm), 7 medium-size (2–4 cm) and 6 small (< 2 cm) radiologically proven supratentorial AVMs of the brain using TCCD. A feeding vessel was diagnosed if the velocities and/or the relative interhemisphere velocity difference between feeding and non-feeding anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries were more than two standard deviations above the means of 136 age- and sex-matched normals. The sonographer was blinded to the results of cerebral angiography. Using TCCD it was possible to detect all large and medium-size lesions, and 4 of 6 small ones, because 23 of 29 (79 %) feeding arteries showed abnormal haemodynamics. In addition, 8 of 46 (17 %) feeding branches of cerebral arteries were shown. However, all but 2 large draining veins and sinus were not detected. In view of the availability of MRI, MRA and angiography, TCCD is not the method of choice in screening for cerebral AVMs. However, careful assessment of the velocities in the intracranial arteries permits incidental detection of cerebral AVMs and characterisation of the haemodynamics in the feeding arteries. Received: 1 March 1995 Accepted: 23 January 1996     

彩色双功能超声在诊断颈内动脉粥样硬化狭窄中的临床应用

目的:探讨彩色双功能超声在颈内动脉粥样硬化狭窄中的临床应用价值。方法:对58例由于动脉粥样硬化导致颈内动脉狭窄的患者进行二维超声及彩色多普勒血流显像检查,并利用脉冲多普勒对动脉血管狭窄处及狭窄前的血流信号进行测量,同时测量颈总动脉的血流速度。结果:通过测量颈内动脉狭窄处收缩期峰值流速和舒张末期血流速度、颈总动脉收缩期峰值流速和舒张末期血流速度,将二者血流速度相比较并进行分析,同时与彩色多普勒血流显像通过狭窄处血管面积的变化所测的狭窄程度相对照,共检出62支颈内动脉狭窄,其中5支颈内动脉血管腔内血栓形成。二者相结合诊断颈内动脉狭窄的灵敏性和准确性分别为96%和94%。结论:彩色双功能超声在颈内动脉狭窄的诊断中具有重要的临床价值。     

经颅彩色双功超声在脑血管疾病中的临床应用和进展

经颅彩色双功超声是一种新型、无创的超声诊断仪,高空间分辨率显示颅内血管和脑实质的结构,笔者查阅了近年来相关文献,主要综述经颅彩色多普勒血流显像在颅脑血管疾病中的诊断价值,同时讨论二维经颅超声的应用及新的实验性显像技术。     

Ultrasound guided versus fluroscopic guided pulsed radiofrequency therapy of the stellate ganglion in neuropathic pain: A prospective controlled comparative study

Objective

To assess the efficacy and safety of fluoroscopic–guided versus ultrasound (US)-guided techniques for pulsed radiofrequency (RF) therapy of stellate ganglion for refractory neuropathic pain syndromes.

经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断宫颈癌的临床研究

目的探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查宫颈癌的影像学特征及其诊断价值。方法选取130例经新柏氏液基细胞学技术(TCT)、宫颈活检和病理检查证实为宫颈上皮内瘤样变(CIN)Ⅰ-Ⅲ级及宫颈癌的病例进行经阴道彩色多普勒检查,对声像图特征及彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)结果进行分析。选取同期宫颈视诊和细胞学检查均无异常的41例就诊患者为正常对照。结果由正常宫颈、CIN、宫颈原位癌到宫颈浸润癌,经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查中测量宫颈径线增大、宫颈呈低回声病灶表现的病例逐渐增多,其中宫颈低回声病灶仅出现在宫颈癌中,是宫颈癌的特异性超声影像变化,特异度为100%。宫颈黏膜线缺失是宫颈癌Ⅱ期特有的表现,特异度为100%。CDFI和血流阻力指数(RI)均提示宫颈浸润癌局部血流明显较正常宫颈、CIN和原位癌丰富,宫颈浸润癌Ⅰ期与Ⅱ期之间差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Kappa分析显示,宫颈径线增大诊断宫颈浸润癌的敏感度和特异度分别为89.1%和82.8%,宫颈低回声病灶在诊断宫颈癌和宫颈浸润癌中的特异度分别为100%和94.8%,树枝状血流分布诊断宫颈浸润癌的特异度为100%。结论经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查在宫颈浸润癌中有较多特征性影像学改变,其诊断可信度较高,对宫颈癌前病变、原位癌的诊断可靠性较低,联合其他辅助检查,可作为宫颈癌诊断以及放疗与化疗前后评价疗效的方法之一。     

Role of color duplex sonography in pre-operative internal mammary artery perforators assessment for breast reconstruction using contralateral lower pole flap

Reconstruction of a breast after mastectomy using the contralateral lower pole breast flap is an appealing procedure because it uses the tissues that were going to be excised during reduction of the sound breast to achieve symmetry. The literature mentioned that these flaps are supplied by the lower internal mammary artery perforators (IMAPs) with no further details.     

彩色多普勒超声对Budd—Chiari综合征合并血栓的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对Budd～Chiafi综合征（BCS）合并血栓的诊断及应用价值。方法对25例临床疑诊BCS合并血栓的患者进行彩色多普勒超声检查并与其他影像学检查对照。结果彩色多普勒超声对其中23例作出正确诊断，15例BCS合并新鲜血栓，8例BCS合并陈旧血栓，漏诊2例，2例均为BCS合并新鲜血栓，诊断符合率92％。结论彩色多普勒超声可以实时、动态、直观地显示下腔静脉、肝静脉及门静脉的各种病变以及血流动力学变化，既可判定肝静脉、门静脉及下腔静脉中有无血栓的存在，又能够区分新鲜与陈旧血栓，因而它可作为诊断BCS合并血栓的首选方法。     

High-grade stenoses of the internal carotid artery: comparison of high-resolution contrast enhanced 3D MRA, duplex sonography and power Doppler imaging

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the agreement and diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with integrated parallel acquisition techniques (iPAT), color coded duplex ultrasound (CCDS) and power Doppler ultrasound (PD) in the assessment of high-grade stenoses of the internal carotid artery (ICA). METHODS: Forty-four patients with 52 known or suspected stenoses of the internal carotid artery (ICA) were included in this prospective study. High-resolution MRA scans with a spatial resolution of 0.9 mm x 0.7 mm x 0.9 mm were acquired with an iPAT acceleration factor of 2 on a 1.5T MR system (Sonata Maestro Class, Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) with a head, neck and body coil. For the 3D-CE MRA a fast spoiled gradient echo sequence (FLASH) was used. To compensate for the inherent signal loss with parallel imaging, a 1M contrast agent (gadobutrol, Gadovist, Schering, Berlin, Germany) was used. Stenoses were quantified by two readers in consensus in cross-sectional area measurements and graded according to the NASCET criteria. Using color coded duplex ultrasound (CCDS) and power Doppler (PD; Logiq 9, GE), the stenoses were also graded by two readers in consensus according to the NASCET criteria from intra- and post-stenotic diameter measurements. The results of MRA, CCDS and PD were compared to intraoperative findings or to follow-up examinations. RESULTS: High-resolution MRA allowed an excellent grading of vascular stenoses. In 70-90% degrees of stenosis there was an underestimation of the degree of stenosis in MRA as well as in CCDS. However, there was an overestimation of 90% stenoses in both MRA and CCDS. Pseudoocclusions with a lumen of less than one millimeter were occasionally rated as a complete occlusion in MRA. CONCLUSION: A combination of MRA and duplex sonography seems reasonable for the accurate grading of stenoses and determination of distal stenoses downstream. However, the accuracy of duplex ultrasound depends on the examiner's experience.     

眶内肿瘤的彩色多普勒表现及诊断价值

目的:探讨眶内肿瘤彩色多普勒表现及诊断价值。方法:对经CT或MR检查确诊为眶内肿瘤或占位性病变的病人进行彩色多普勒观察,了解其二维表现及规律、血流及分布情况。结果:98例眶内肿瘤中泪腺癌16例,海绵状血管瘤16例,炎性假瘤11例,脑膜瘤9例,皮样囊肿9例,眶内转移癌8例,神经鞘瘤8例,肉瘤7例,较少见的病14例。根据本组病例观察,完全可以根据所显示的眶内肿瘤的声像图表现、特点及血流情况作出诊断,实时观察血流情况,帮助临床制定手术方案。结论:超声在探测眶内肿瘤方面有较高的诊断价值,尤其在对肿瘤血供的实时观察方面,对临床有很大的帮助,临床可根据需要选择不同的影像检查方式。     

高频彩超对儿童急性肠系膜淋巴结炎的诊断与鉴别诊断

目的探讨高频彩超对急性肠系膜淋巴结炎的诊断与鉴别诊断。方法应用高频彩色多普勒超声检查112例急性肠系膜淋巴结炎患儿及96例正常儿童,比较肠系膜淋巴结大小、内部回声、CDFI、血流分布特征。结果急性肠系膜淋巴结炎患儿淋巴结长径为1．7±0．38cm,短径为0．78±0．23cm,正常儿童肠系膜淋巴结长径为1．0±0．25cm,短径为0．47±0．12cm;二组指标比较均具有显著性差异（P〈0．05）,急性肠系膜淋巴结炎患儿淋巴结内可见较多血流信号,而正常儿童淋巴结内未见血流信号。结论高频彩超对儿童急性肠系膜淋巴结炎的诊断与鉴别诊断具有较大意义,可作为首选方法。     

彩色双功能超声在诊断巨细胞动脉炎中的应用价值

目的:探讨双功能彩色超声检查在诊断巨细胞动脉炎中的临床应用价值。方法:自2001年5月~2004年10月间我室共检查了27例临床疑似巨细胞动脉炎病例,其中男性19例,女性8例,平均年龄为66.4岁。其中15例经彩色双功能超声诊断为颞浅动脉炎,所有超声确诊病例均进行颞动脉活检,CT强化扫描检查并行颞动脉血管三维重建,双功能彩色超声的高频线阵探头对双侧颞动脉进行检查主要观察颞浅动脉在形态学上的特征性改变,巨细胞动脉炎的超声形态学特征性改变为:在彩色多普勒血流显像检查时颞动脉血管腔周围有一低回声“晕”,血流信号呈充盈缺损样改变,血管腔狭窄或闭塞;或者血管内膜呈不规则增厚,回声增强,血管腔不规则狭窄,类似于动脉硬化斑块形成。结果:彩色双功能超声诊断阳性病例为15例,临床病理活检证实12例,3例为假阳性,超声诊断准确率为80%。结论:在诊断巨细胞动脉炎中高分辨力彩色双功能超声的诊断准确率高,可以替代颞动脉病理活检。     

Colour Doppler and duplex sonography and angiography of the carotid artery bifurcations

We undertook a prospective double-blind study of 128 carotid artery bifurcations using colour Doppler and duplex sonography and angiography. Sixty-four patients with cerebrovascular events were admitted for angiography. All underwent sonography within 24 h of angiography. Standard duplex sonography and colour Doppler imaging without spectral analysis were performed, on the same device, by two sonographers, using defined morphological and haemodynamic criteria. Digital radiological data on vessel diameter were interpreted independently by two radiologists.The two sonographic methods gave similar grading of stenosis, compared to angiography, with an accuracy ranging from 96% in severe to 83% in minor stenoses. Colour Doppler studies gave better area measurements than standard duplex sonography, except for major stenoses. Discrepancies between ultrasonography and angiography were due mainly, to minor stenoses and large plaques of calcification on the vessel walls, which masked very segmental 70% stenoses in 2 cases. Angiography is limited by its own resolution, does not show uncalcified vessel walls and does not give cross-sectional data. It would therefore be inappropriate for showing small plaques, the full extent of ectasia or for defining the carotid bulb accurately.The advantages of colour methods were in investigating sinuous or deep vessels and hypoechoic plaques. Analysis of the residual lumen of a stenosis and its extent could be determined more rapidly. Haemodynamic quantification of stenoses by standard duplex sonography may be difficult because of limited sample volume and error in estimation of angle, whereas colour Doppler allows semiquantitative estimation of haemodynamics. Standard duplex sonography permits good analysis of vessel wall over a limited distance and quantification of velocity; colour Doppler affords overall demonstration of turbulence, acceleration and backward flow.     

彩色多普勒超声对小儿克罗恩病活动性评估的预测价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声评价儿童克罗恩病（Crohn’s Disease, CD）的活动性,并与儿童克罗恩活动指数（Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index, PCDAI）进行相关性比较。方法 选取2015年1月～2020年12月在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心确诊为克罗恩病患儿68例,其中PCDAI评分<15分（非活动期）14例,15～45分（活动期）54例,分别对增厚肠壁根据能量多普勒超声表现进行Limberg分型,应用频谱多普勒超声测量肠壁动脉峰值收缩期速度（PSV）、舒张末期速度（EDV）、阻力指数（RI）,并对比各组之间的差异,同时将对RI及PCDAI进行相关性分析。结果 非活动期患儿受累肠壁血流以Limberg Ⅰ、Ⅱ型为主,活动期以Ⅲ、Ⅳ型为主,差异有统计学意义（u=4.51,P<0.01）。非活动期受累肠壁动脉平均RI显著高于活动期,有显著差异性（t=3.39,P<0.01）,PSV值非活动期与重度活动期组存在轻微的差异有统计学意义（t=2.13,0.01 相似文献   

星状神经节阻滞对大鼠严重创伤后垂体-甲状腺、肾上腺皮质轴的影响

目的 观察大鼠严重创伤后垂体-甲状腺、肾上腺皮质轴变化及星状神经节阻滞(SGB)的影响.方法 建立大鼠严重创伤(右侧胸部撞击伤复合同侧股骨闭合性骨折)模型,动物分3组:正常对照组(n=12);创伤治疗组(n=12),创伤后即刻、8小时以0.125%布比卡因0.3ml行SGB;创伤对照组(n=12),于同一部位给予0.3ml生理盐水.于创伤后24小时取动脉血,测定血浆促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质醇(GC)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)水平.结果 创伤后血浆T3、T4水平较正常对照组降低(P<0.05),但TSH变化不显著,行SGB后TSH、T3、T4尽管数值上增加,但变化不明显;创伤后血浆ACTH、GC水平较正常对照组升高(P<0.01、P<0.05),行SGB后ACTH、GC水平降低(P<0.01、P<0.05).结论 严重创伤后垂体.甲状腺、肾上腺皮质轴发生明显变化,SGB能减轻其变化.     

The diagnostic value of colour duplex ultrasound for symptomatic carotid stenosis in clinical practice

We assessed the accuracy of colour duplex ultrasound for the detection of severe (70–99 %) symptomatic carotid stenosis in a clinical setting, in order to assess whether it could make carotid angiography unnecessary. In 152 patients with a transient ischaemic attack or non-disabling ischaemic stroke in the carotid distribution, we compared the degree of colour duplex ultrasound stenosis with angiographic stenosis by receiver-operating-characteristic analysis. The angiograms were evaluated by blinded observers, and compared with routine reports of the colour duplex examination. We computed the sensitivity and specificity of colour duplex, and the number of angiograms and sonographic studies needed to prevent one stroke within 3 years, taking into account the risks of angiography, and the risks and efficacy of endarterectomy. The estimates were adjusted for nonverification bias. We found 34 patients (22 %) with a severe (70–99 %) symptomatic carotid stenosis. In 16 patients (11 %) the symptomatic artery was occluded. The sensitivity and specificity of duplex ultrasound were 76 % and 85 %, respectively. The number of patients needed to undergo angiography to prevent one stroke was reduced from almost 200 to 33, when colour duplex was used as a preoperative examination. After adjustment for the effects of nonverification, the sensitivity dropped to 58 % and the number of duplex studies needed to prevent one stroke would double. The number of angiograms needed after positive duplex sonography would be virtually unaffected. Were colour duplex sonography to have been the sole preoperative investigation, the number needed to diagnose to prevent one stroke within 3 years would be approximately 350, more than twice as many as with the combined diagnostic strategy. The diagnostic accuracy of colour duplex sonography in clinical practice seems less impressive than previous studies have suggested, but it remains an effective way to select patients for angiography. Its use as a single preoperative assessment cannot be recommended. Received: 24 March 1998 Accepted: 21 May 1998     

Determination of the effect of a single hemodialysis session on retrobulbar blood hemodynamics by color Doppler ultrasonography

Background: Retrobulbar hemodynamic alterations can occur during hemodialysis sessions, and patients with chronic renal failure may experience visual problems.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of single-session hemodialysis on retrobulbar vessel hemodynamics by color Doppler ultrasonography.

Material and Methods: Thirty-five patients were included in the study. Retrobulbar blood flows were examined before and after dialysis sessions. Doppler spectral patterns of retrobulbar blood flow were evaluated. The t test for paired samples and the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test were used for comparing the flow values before and after dialysis.

Results: Systolic and diastolic blood flow velocities of the ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery, central retinal vein, nasal posterior ciliary artery, and temporal posterior ciliary artery were found to be decreased bilaterally after hemodialysis sessions. No significant change was observed in resistivity index values after hemodialysis sessions.

Conclusion: Our findings reveal that retrobulbar circulation was disturbed after a single hemodialysis session.     

Role of color coded duplex sonography in the study of thyroid pathology. Personal experience

The authors examined 110 patients with suspected pathologic conditions of the thyroid by means of color-coded duplex US. In addition to the information yielded by conventional US, this technique allows organ vascularization to be demonstrated. Five normal patients were considered as a control group: no tissue vascularization was demonstrated in these cases. In 8 patients presenting with carcinoma or recurrences, vascularization was markedly increased both peripheral and central to the nodule. A few doubts are still to be solved as to the diagnostic value of color-coded duplex US in the evaluation of non-carcinomatous nodular pathologic conditions. As a matter of fact, non-functioning avascular adenomas can be demonstrated only in a very low percentage of cases (66%). Color-coded duplex US proved extremely sensitive and specific in depicting malignant neoplasms. Moreover, the use of fine-needle biopsy could be optimized and subsequently reduced. Color-coded duplex US proved to be markedly superior to other methods and techniques in the study of thyroid diseases, especially thyroiditis and multiple pathologic conditions. The simultaneous presence of hypocapture at scintigraphy and peripheral and central vascularization in a single nodule or within multinodular struma at color-Doppler was highly suggestive of malignant thyroid neoplasm. Color-coded duplex US is a low-cost technique, which can be performed on an outpatient basis. Moreover, it is not invasive, nor does it damage the thyroid. That is why its use is almost mandatory in the study of pathologic conditions of the thyroid.     

传统二维及彩色多普勒超声对肾细胞癌的诊断价值

目的:通过分析肾细胞癌的超声表现及特征,评价传统二维及彩色多普勒超声对肾细胞癌的诊断价值.方法:对2005年1月～2010年11月经手术病理证实的24例肾细胞癌患者的超声声像图进行分析.结果:17例直径＞3 cm的肾细胞癌二维超声表现为内部回声不一,强弱不等,无特征性表现.7例直径≤3 cm的肾细胞癌有6例表现为等回声...     

Cost-effectiveness of colour duplex sonography compared with angiography of the pelvis and lower limb

The present investigation was performed to assess the clinical consequences, utility and efficacy of colour duplex sonography (CDS) compared with angiography as a preoperative examination in aorta, pelvis and lower limb, and thus to estimate the cost-effectiveness of CDS. CDS was additionally performed in 53 consecutive patients referred for preoperative angiography of the lower limb. The results for 49 patients were reviewed and compared to assess the technique's clinical utility. The costs of the two methods and the consequences of inappropriate treatment were assessed. In 15 patients inadequate diagnoses were obtained at CDS. If surgery had been performed solely on the basis of the ultrasonographic diagnosis, repeat surgery would have been necessary in 9 patients. In a further 3 patients necessary surgery would not have been performed. Two patients would have been overtreated (unnecessary surgery instead of percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty). To correct the initial incorrect diagnosis the estimated yearly cost would be approximately 1.3 million Swedish crowns. In addition, complications and discomfort could be anticipated for the patients. Because of its low sensitivity CDS ist not cost-effective as a preoperative investigation of arteries of the pelvis and lower limb. Correspondence to: J. T. Geitung