荒漠型黑热病动物模型的建立与评价

目的 观察比较荒漠型黑热病病原体杜氏利什曼虫株对BALB/c小鼠、加卡利亚仓鼠和草原兔尾鼠的感染效果,建立荒漠型黑热病动物模型.方法 用2.6×105/只剂量的该杜氏利什曼虫株腹腔接种BALB/c小鼠、加卡利亚仓鼠和草原兔尾鼠,于接种29、46、90、152和217 d,观察脾脏肿大、脾脏系数(脾脏质量/体质量×100...     

双氢青蒿素治疗鼠内脏利什曼病疗效的初步观察

目的 观察双氢青蒿素治疗由杜氏利什曼原虫感染引起的鼠内脏利什曼病的疗效。方法 以杜氏利什曼原虫无鞭毛体腹腔感染金地鼠，两周后分为小剂量治疗组(n=5)、大剂量治疗组(n=5)及对照组(n=5)3组开始治疗。小剂量治疗组每天每只给予双氢青蒿素25mg／kg，大剂量治疗组每天每只50mg／kg，对照组给予植物油，口服途径给药，每天一次，3组均持续治疗14d。治疗结束后7d剖杀3组金地鼠，通过有限稀释法及LDU计数法计算各鼠肝、脾内寄生的虫数。结果 双氢青蒿素小剂量治疗组及大剂量治疗组治疗鼠内脏利什曼病的有效率均为80％；有限稀释法显示，小剂量治疗组的脾脏抑虫率为79．11％，肝脏抑虫率为86．21％；大剂量治疗组的脾脏抑虫率为83．77％，肝脏抑虫率为87．13％。LDU计数法获得的结果与有限稀释法的结果具有很好的一致性。大剂量组与小剂量组脾脏和肝脏的抑虫率均无显著性差异。结论 首次报道双氢青蒿素对由杜氏利什曼原虫感染引起的鼠内脏利什曼病有较好的疗效。     

宏基因组学第二代测序技术辅助诊断内脏利什曼病1例并文献复习

<正>内脏利什曼病(visceral leishmaniasis, VL)又名黑热病(Kala-azar),是由趋内脏的利什曼原虫引起的一种寄生虫病,白蛉为传播媒介^[1]。我国内脏利什曼病致病的病原体主要为杜氏利什曼原虫和婴儿利什曼原虫,现主要分布在我国西北部,发病率最高的3个地区为新疆维吾尔自治区、甘肃省和四川省^[2]。临床表现包括长期不规则发热、消瘦、肝脾肿大、全血细胞减少、高球蛋白血症等。及时、正确诊断内脏利什曼病,     

利什曼原虫疫苗的研究现状与进展

利什曼原虫病是一种由利什曼原虫引起的传染性寄生虫病，广泛分布于全世界的热带和亚热带地区，影响数百万人的健康。近年来利什曼原虫病有增加趋势。它可分为三个类型：即皮肤型，皮肤黏膜型和内脏型。只有皮肤型能自愈，其他两型的自然感染过程导致严重的后果。该病痊愈后能产生稳固的免疫力，为用疫苗防治利什曼原虫病提供了前提条件。本文陈述了各类利什曼原虫疫苗的研究过程和成果以及存在的问题。     

小儿黑热病26例临床分析

黑热病又称内脏利什曼病，系由杜氏利什曼原虫所致，通过白零蛉传播的一种慢性传染病。现对我院1998年—2003年收治的26例患儿临床特征及诊治情况进行回顾性分析。     

婴儿利什曼原虫/HIV混和感染:治疗内脏利什曼病后出现的皮肤损害(法语)

背景:地中海盆地是婴儿利什曼原虫引起利什曼病的地方病区域。过去几年间随着H IV感染的出现,这一地区的内脏利什曼病患者显著增多,成人尤著。而且这些患者中利什曼原虫感染引起皮肤损害屡见报道。病例报道:一35岁葡萄牙女性———从1997年开始静脉吸毒的H IV阳性患者———2000年患内脏利什曼病,2001年和2002年中数次发作,均采用五价锑盐(锑酸葡甲胺)、脂质体两性霉素B及锑酸葡甲胺联合伊曲康唑治疗成功。内脏利什曼病第二次复发治疗几周后,体检发现患者面部出现红斑性丘疹,无自觉症状,随后波及躯干和上肢。皮损活检标本组织学检查发现,…     

黑热病1例

黑热病又称内脏利什曼病，系由杜氏利什曼原虫引起、通过白蛉传播的一种慢性传染病。据报道，1958年我国基本上消灭了黑热病。山西省阳泉市第三人民医院2008年3月25日偶遇1例黑热病病例，现报告如下。     

我国首次发现大沙土鼠携带利什曼原虫的报告

1.本文复习了以往的文献,自1954年——1958年在我省主要黑热病流行区检查6.006支犬,发现32支有犬利什曼病,阳率为5.3‰,同时检查24种野生动物4,122支(包括家鼠727支),结果均为阴性.2.这次在酒泉市,玉门市,镜铁山及敦煌等地检查喜马拉旱?,喇嘛仓鼠,大沙土鼠及子午沙土鼠等10种动物300多支,结果在92支大沙土鼠中16支耳朵增厚,结节,脱屑或溃疡等皮肤症状,其中有九支查见了利什曼原虫.3.在发现利什曼原虫的黑山湖及附近地区,发现了有蒙古白蛉,司氏白蛉,在河西其他地区如张掖,敦煌曾发现中华白蛉,还在敦煌发现硕大白蛉,关于大沙土鼠利什曼原虫可能是司氏白蛉传播的.4.黑山湖及其附近地区系半荒漠景观,有苏构杞及盐爪爪生长适于沙土鼠的生长,该地属于大陆性干燥的沙漠性气候,气温较低,年较差及日较差均大.5.对大沙土鼠的生态习性进行了初步的观察,喜棲居在富有苏构杞及盐爪爪等植物的沙丘上,对其食性,活动范围及时间加以简单的描述.6.从大沙土鼠发现利什曼原虫的意义,原虫的种型及自然疫源地存在的问题,加以初步的讨论,并提出今后工作的建议.     

国外利什曼原虫病免疫学及免疫诊断研究近况

利什曼原虫病免疫学一利什曼原虫的多种型性利什曼原虫的特征是在其动基体的细胞器中有‘核外’的脱氧核糖核酸。这种原虫种型繁多,均寄生在不同脊椎动物宿主的细胞内部,而这些细胞主要是属于单核吞唁细胞系统。这种原虫在动物宿主细胞内繁殖为无鞭毛的圆形小体,称无鞭毛体(amastigoles)并在媒介昆虫——白蛉的肠壁内发育为单鞭毛体,称前鞭毛体(Promastigatas)。     

斯锑黑克治疗黑热病的临床观察及护理

黑热病又名内脏利什曼病,是由杜氏利什曼原虫引起,经白蛉传播的慢性地方性传染病。患者表现为不规则发热、消瘦、贫血、进行性肝脾肿大,全血细胞减少以及血浆球蛋白增加为特征。此病目前在全国范围内已基本消灭,但近年来,新疆地区发病呈上升趋势,特别是喀什地区,严重威胁到当地人民的生命健康。斯锑黑克,又称葡萄糖酸锑钠,其疗效迅速而显著,为治疗黑热病的首选药物。该药含有五价锑,五价锑在体内还原为三价锑,对杜氏利什曼原虫有抑制作用,最后由网状内皮系统消灭杜氏利什曼原虫。五价锑较三价     

年龄和性别因素对封闭群草原兔尾鼠正常血液生化指标的影响

目的　探讨性别和年龄因素对封闭群草原兔尾鼠正常血液生化指标的影响。方法　利用雅培(AEROSET)全自动血液生化测定仪对雄性组、雌性组、1月龄 2月龄组和 2 4月龄组封闭群草原兔尾鼠的 2 3项血液正常生化指标进行了测定。结果　两年龄组各指标间以及两性别组各指标间均无统计学差异。结论　本实验中封闭群草原兔尾鼠的性别因素和年龄 (1月龄 - 2月龄年龄段和 2 4月龄年龄段 )因素对测定的 2 3项正常血液生化指标没有显著影响。     

Difference in DNA sequences in SSU rDNA variable regions among pathogens isolated from different epidemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis in China

Objective To confirm the existence of point mutations in the SSU rDNA variable regions of 5 Leishmania donovani (L. d. ) isolates from different epidemic foci in China. Methods Specific SSU rDNA fragments from nuclear DNA of 7 Leishmania species/isolates were amplified by PCR and then cloned into pGEM[R- T Easy Vectors.After that, the specific fragments were sequenced by an automated DNA sequencer. Results Sequence analysis showed that the amplified DNA fragments of 7 Leishmania species/isolates were all 392 bp in length.All 5 point mutations were located in two unique sequence blocks (UQ- Ⅰ and UQ- Ⅱ), and no insertions or deletions were found.The identities of comparison of Leishmania in GeneBank were more than 98%. Conclusion Five point mutations exist in the SSU rDNA variable region of 5 L. d. isolates from different epidemic foci of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in China. Sequence differences of the SSU rDNA variable region exist among L. d.isolates from different foci.     

Atypical mucocutaneous involvement with Leishmania donovani

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis has rarely been reported from India. The usual causative organisms of this infection are Leishmania braziliensis and L. tropica. Another species, L. donovani, which usually causes visceral leishmaniasis, has recently been reported to cause mucocutaneous disease in a few patients from Sri Lanka. We report two patients who had undiagnosed chronic skin lesions for several years. Skin biopsies revealed Leishmania and the species was characterized as L. donovani in both patients. There was considerable improvement in the skin lesions following treatment with liposomal amphotericin B.     

FURTHER CHARACTERIZATION OF CHINESE LEISHMANIA ISOLATES BY ISOENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS

Ten Chinese Leishmania isolates from different endemic areas and hosts are characterized by isoenzyme electrophoresis for 9 enzymes. Seven were isolated from visceral leishmaniasis patients, one from an infected dog, one from a sandfly and one from a naturally infected racoon dog. Eight of the 10 isolates were indistinguishable in isoenzyme profile from the L infantum reference strain. The isoenzyme profiles of the remaining two isolates (from kala azar patients in Xinjiang) could not be characterized in this study and need further research.     

婴儿利什曼原虫细胞免疫优势抗原预测

目的:预测婴儿利什曼原虫全基因组编码蛋白中刺激细胞免疫应答的优势抗原。方法:以计算机软件Net CTLpan对婴儿利什曼原虫基因组编码蛋白进行分析,确定与各类人HLA I类分子超型强结合抗原蛋白,综合预测细胞免疫优势抗原。结果:84个婴儿利什曼原虫基因组编码蛋白可与人HLA A2超型强结合,其中13个蛋白质还可与人HLA A1、A3、A26、B44、B7、B8、B58、B62、B39及B27超型强结合,它们大多数为膜蛋白,具有种属特异性。结论:预测婴儿利什曼原虫优势抗原可为发展抗内脏利什曼病疫苗提供新的视角。     

Study on Leishmania infection in cats from Ahar,East Azerbaijan Province and North West Iran by parasitological,serological and molecular methods

Objective:To study Leishmania infection in cats and its potential role in triuismission of the disease to human by parasitological,serological and molecular methods in Ahar District,East Azerbaijan Province.Methods:In this study,65 cats from different parts of Ahar Province were trapped.The cats were anesthetized with chloroform and blood samples were taken from jugular vein and tested by direct agglutination lest.Spleen and liver smear samples were prepared in order to microscopically examine these organs,and also cultured in Novy-MucNeal-Nicolle and Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1 641) media.Finally,spleen tissue DNA was extracted to perform polymerase chain reaction analysis.Results:In direct agglutination test,4(6%) cats had a positive titer,while 14(22%) cats had a titer of 1:80 which was suspected for an infection and 47(729c) cats were negative.Culture results were negative and ill polymerase chain reaction no amplification was observed.Conclusions:Wc found no case of feline visceral leishmaniasis.It needs more extensive studies by using a larger number of cats to firmly establish leishmaniasis in this area.     

The hunt for an elusive source of pyrexia in a foreign worker

We report a 23-year-old Bangladeshi man who presented with fever and hepatosplenomegaly. The initial laboratory findings were bicytopenia with elevated serum globulins. The diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (Kala Azar) was suspected. The parasite Leishmania donovani was found on bone marrow aspiration. He was treated with liposomal amphotericin B and had a good response to treatment. The case highlights the need to be aware of this disease occurring in a foreign national from an endemic region when he presents with fever and hepatosplenomegaly.     

A review of leishmaniasis in west Africa

The DiseaseLeishmaniasis is vector-borne disease caused by blood and tissue dwelling protozoan parasite species belonging to the genus Leishmania. It is basically a disease of animals that gets into the human population when man, flies and the animal reservoirs coexist in the same environment. In man, infections with Leishmania parasites results in a broad range of clinical manifestations involving the skin, mucous membranes and visceral organs with devastating consequences. Two main forms of leishmaniasis have been reported in humans. These are Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, which is a less severe for of the disease with usually self-healing ulcers and Visceral Leishmaniasis, the most severe form of the disease which can result in 100% mortality of infected patients if not treated1. A third form, muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis, results in extensive disfiguring lesions of the nose, mouth and throat mucous membranes. The diverse clinical manifestations of the disease result from a reaction between the virulence of the parasite species and the host's immune response.     

Investigating the Aggregation of Imported Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Henan,Central China

Leishmania is a parasitic disease caused due to infection with Leishmaniasis,which is prevalent in 88 countries across the globe[1].Clinically,Leishmaniasisis is divided into 3 types:visceral leishmaniasis(VL),mucosal cutaneous leishmaniasis(MCL),and cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)[2].