试论医疗服务合同的特征

本讨论了医疗服务合同的基本法律特征，揭示合同的内容和形式特点，提出医疗服务合同是一类特殊的合同，它具有几种合同的特点；但其最本质的特征还在于它是一种服务类合同，是一种特殊的技术服务类合同。     

政府购买商业保险公司经办新型农村合作医疗服务的合同研究

目的:通过对北京市部分区县引入商保公司经办服务合同的合法性、合理性进行分析,提出完善购买服务合同的对策建议。方法:文献研究、现场调研、专家咨询等研究方法。结果:为了更好地地控制医疗费用过快增长,约束不合理的医疗需求,政府购买商保公司经办服务合同在合法性和合理性等方面需要完善。结论:未来应当不断完善立法,通过竞争性的方式引入商保公司,对商保公司制定科学的绩效考核办法。     

实施知情同意 防范医疗争议

医疗服务中，常有医患双方因为对服务期望的不同意见导致的矛盾冲突，甚至形成医疗争议，问题源于医患法律关系的基本定位及其特殊性。医患法律关系基本定位为民事法律关系，被视为医疗服务合同。与其他服务合同相比，由于医疗服务的个性化特点和损害特性，医疗服务合同在需要医患双方认识达成一致的合同标的、履行方式和数量频次、合同履行风险、以及服务所需时间期限和费用等主要的合同元素方面则是严重残缺的。为了维护医患双方的合法权益，作者提出了在医疗服务的各个不同阶段，通过知情同意对医疗服务合同进行完善和补充，以防范和减少医疗争议发生的思路，分析了知情同意的重要意义和目前存在的主要问题，并且就告知的内容、范围、主体、对象、方式、证据等具体操作和管理问题提出了切实可行的建议。     

试论完善医疗合同以缓解医疗纠纷

发生医疗纠纷,患者除了可以提起侵权之诉,也可以基于医患合同而提起合同之诉,因此完善医疗合同有助于医患双方合理地解决医疗纠纷.通过对医疗合同立法意义的把握,试图从完善医疗合同制度的角度,为医患双方的平等对话提供一个平台.     

复印病历的法律基础探讨

复印病历资料是解决医疗纠纷关键环节,复印病历的法律基础可以从知情同意权、医疗服务合同的附随义务以及民事诉讼的证据交换三方面进行解释。从法学理论以及发达国家立法和司法实践分析,允许患者复印包括主观病历资料在内的全部病历资料,是国际医疗立法的发展趋势。我国也应该顺应此趋势,允许患者复印全部病历资料。     

医疗诉讼中举证责任倒置引发问题的探讨

以最高人民法院关于医疗诉讼中实行举证责任倒置的司法解释出台为背景，分析了该司法解释在实践中的反应与理论上争议，比较系统地对国外医疗事故立法进行了归纳，并根据医疗合同的性质提出了新的观点，即医疗合同应该分成三个阶段：门诊诊断治疗合同、急诊诊断治疗合同、入院诊断治疗合同。还据此对政府、社会、医疗行为提供者提出了一些切实可行的建议。     

建立医疗服务合同制度的必要性和可能性

本论述了医疗服务合同制度的含义及特征．阐述了建立医疗服务合同制度的必要性和可能性。指出：建立医疗服务合同制度，有利于实现医疗服务的社会功能；是“依法行医”的必然要求；是适应医疗保险制度改革，建立现代医院质量管理体系的迫切需要。     

医疗合同的订立、效力及终止

把医疗合同分为普通门诊合同、急诊合同和住院合同三类，探讨其订立过程的特点，论述了医疗合同的生效、无效、撤销，分析了医疗合同的终止原因。     

盈利性医疗机构特许连锁经营的利弊分析

本文阐述了医疗服务自身的行业特点，分析特许连锁经营对合同双方的利弊影响，为实际应用这种经营方法提供了参考。     

医疗违约损害赔偿与免责

医疗违约损害赔偿医疗违约损害赔偿的法律适用在确定医疗违约损害赔偿范围之前,首先要确定医疗违约赔偿的法律依据。医疗服务合同属于合同的一种,因此,合同法的基本原则与规则应     

Features of medical legislation

Presents the major characteristics of medical legislation as a legal unit. Special attention is paid to manifestations of common principles of systemic legislation and signs characteristic of specialized laws.     

Patient characteristics and fairness

This study examines the fairness concept of health care professionals, and asks whether they are willing to use a patient’s age and other potential fairness characteristics rather than health benefits as relevant arguments in the allocation of health care resources? The patient characteristics in the health care professionals’ survey encompass age, productivity and lifestyle. The study is a replication of a much older study from the 1970s. The present study finds that the understanding of fairness among health care professionals differs from concepts of fairness in legislation. The status of various patient characteristics as rationing arguments has remained much the same, although nowadays health care professionals are expected to be more aware of moral dimensions and also legislation on patients’ rights. The fairness concept of health care professionals may lead to resource allocation decisions that deviate from the intention of such legislation.     

试论医务人员的刑事豁免

结合我国医疗工作的特点和医事立法的实际,论述了刑事豁免的定义,以及对医务人员实行刑事豁免的条件、法律依据,讨论了与其相关的立法障碍。     

State laws and the practice of lay midwifery.

A national survey was conducted to assess the current status and characteristics of state legislation regulating the practice of lay midwives. As of July 1987, 10 states have prohibitory laws, five states have grandmother clauses authorizing practicing midwives under repealed statutes, five states have enabling laws which are not used, and 10 states explicitly permit lay midwives to practice. In the 21 remaining states, the legal status of midwives is unclear. Much of the enabling legislation restricts midwifery practice often resulting in situations similar to those in states with prohibitory laws. Given the growth of an extensive grassroots movement of lay midwives committed to quality of care, this outcome suggests that 21 states with no legislation may provide better opportunities for midwifery practice than states with enabling laws.     

部分国家商业健康保险发展的特点及对我国的启示

本文分析了当前我国地方政府融资存在的财政自给率不足、对转移支付依赖加大、土地资源出让收入倾向最大化、地方政府债务隐性化和可持续贷款能力受限等问题,认为应正视未来20年我国地方政府在城市化进程中大规模融资行为的必然性,建议从五个方面入手来规范地方政府的融资行为,即以培育地方主体税种为基石深化分税制改革,以公共服务均等化为导向优化转移支付制度,通过正确处理土地出让金收入改变卖地财政境况,以地方政府债券发行收入来弥补市政建设缺口,以及鼓励符合条件的政府投融资平台上市融资等。     

The changing family in the Federal Republic of Germany

Changes in family structure in the Federal Republic of Germany are analyzed. Family characteristics are first reviewed, followed by an outline of family policy and legislation. Data are from official and other published sources and concern selected years from 1900 to 1985, with an emphasis on the period since 1950.     

加强卫生法学研究 提高检疫执法水平

目的从2010年中国卫生法学会国境卫生检疫法学专业委员会第三届学术交流大会看卫生检疫法制建设现状、存在问题和建设思路。方法对大会与会人员结构、参会单位分布、大会主题、论文涵盖业务类型进行分析,总结本次学术大会及论文的特点。结果本次大会参会人员中基层检验检疫工作者比例大,年轻工作者比例大,口岸发达地区检验检疫机构入选论文多,大会论文涵盖面广、主题突出,研究内容紧密结合业务实际。从论文反映出当前国境卫生检疫法制建设存在相对滞后的问题。结论本次大会提出诸多关于卫生检疫法学研究和法制建设的新思路、新观念和新方法,并取得圆满成功。     

The influence of change of legislation concerning sickness absence on physicians' performance as certifiers. A population-based study

In Sweden, a change of the legislation for sickness absence became effective on 1st October, 1995. The purpose of the change was to reduce costs for sickness absence by exclusion of non-medical criteria for sick-listing, more part-time sick-listing and faster rehabilitation. This study was conducted in order to describe and analyse certification practice of various physician categories, before and after the change in legislation. Thirty-one thousand seven hundred and thirty certificates for sickness absence, collected by the local offices of the National Social Insurance Board in eight Swedish counties, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The number of certificates decreased temporarily. The number of certified net days, i.e. crude days multiplied by degree, tended to increase and there was no shift from full to partial sick-listing during the period. There were small changes regarding case mix, i.e. patient characteristics, and sick-listing physician category. The results were almost unchanged when these small changes were taken into account. General practitioners issued significantly shorter periods of sick-leave than the other categories both years. The goals of the legislative change were thus not met. The result of the study indicates that other factors than the legislation may be more important for physicians' practice.     

Early Postnatal Care Among Healthy Newborns in 19 States: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2000

Objective: To examine early postnatal care among healthy newborns during 2000 in 19 states. Methods: Using data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a multistate population-based postpartum survey of women, we calculated prevalences of early discharge (ED; stays of ≤2 days after vaginal delivery and ≤4 days after Cesarean delivery) and early follow-up (within 1 week) after ED. We used logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) describing how ED and lack of early follow-up were associated with state legislation and maternal characteristics. Results: While most healthy term newborns (83.5–93.4%) were discharged early, and most early-discharged newborns (51.5–88.5%) received recommended early follow-up, substantial proportions of early-discharged newborns did not. Compared with newborns in states where legislation covered both length of hospital stay (LOS) and follow-up, newborns in states without such legislation were more likely to have ED (aOR: 1.25; CI: 1.01–1.56). Lack of early follow-up was more likely among newborns in states with neither LOS nor follow-up legislation (aOR: 2.70, CI: 2.32–3.14), and only LOS legislation (aOR: 1.38, CI: 1.22–1.56) compared with those in states with legislation for both. ED was more likely among newborns born to multiparous women and those delivered by Cesarean section and less likely among those born to black and Hispanic mothers and mothers with less education. Conclusions: Lack of early follow-up among ED newborns remains a problem, particularly in states without relevant legislation. These findings indicate the need for continued monitoring and for programmatic and policy strategies to improve receipt of recommended care.