盐酸戊乙奎醚对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织Toll样受体4mRNA和Toll样受体2mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚对内毒索性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织Toll样受体4(TLR4)mRNA和Toll样受体2(TLR2)mRNA表达的影响.方法 健康SD大鼠60只,雌雄不拘,体重200～220g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为5组(n=12),对照组(C组)、LPS组和低、中、高剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(P1组～P3组).C组腹腔注射生理盐水2ml;LPS组腹腔注射LPS 8mg/kg;P1组～P3组分别腹腔注射LPS 8 mg/kg和盐酸戊乙奎醚0.3、1.0和3.0 mg/kg.给药结束后6 h时开胸,心室取血,并取肺组织,采用ELISA法测定血清TNF-α和Ib-6的浓度,RT-PCR法测定肺组织TLR4 mRNA和TLR2 mRNA 的表达水平,并观察肺组织病理学结果.结果 与C组比较,LPS组、P1组～P3组血清TNF-α、IL-6浓度和肺组织TLR4 mRNA、TLR2 mRNA表达均升高(P<0.05);与LPS组比较,P2组和P3组血清TNF-α、IL-6浓度和肺组织TLR4 mRNA、TLR2 mRNA表达均降低(P<0.05),P1组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与P1组比较,P2组和P1组血清TNF-α、IL-6浓度和肺组织TLR4 mRNA、TLR2 mRNA表达均降低(P<0.05);P2组和P3组血清TNF-α、IL-6浓度和肺组织TLR4 mRNA、TLR2 mRNA表达比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).P2组和P3组肺组织病理学损伤程度明显轻于LPS组.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚可通过下调肺组织TLR4 mRNA和耵JR2 mRNA的表达,降低炎性反应,从而减轻大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of penehyclidine (PHCD) on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)mRNA and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mRNA expression in the lung tissue in rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) .Methods Sixty healthy SD rats of both sexes weighing 200-220 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 12 each) :control group (group C) , LPS group and P1-3 groups. Acute lung injury was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) LPS 8 mg/kg in LPS and P1-3 groups. PHCD 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg were given IP after LPS administration in P1-3 groups. The animals were anesthetized at 6 h after IP LPS. Blood samples were collected for determination of serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations ( by ELISA) and then sacrificed, the lungs were immediately removed for determination of TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression (by RT-PCR), and microscopic examination. Results LPS significantly increased TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations. PHCD 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg significantly inhibited LPS-induced increase in TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and serum TNF-α and ILr6 concentrations.The lung histopathologic damage was significantly ameliorated in P2 and P3 groups as compared with group LPS.Conclusion PHCD can protect the lungs against LPS-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and reducing the inflammatory response.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织Toll样受体4mRNA和Toll样受体2mRNA表达的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of penehyclidine (PHCD) on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)mRNA and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mRNA expression in the lung tissue in rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) .Methods Sixty healthy SD rats of both sexes weighing 200-220 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 12 each) :control group (group C) , LPS group and P1-3 groups. Acute lung injury was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) LPS 8 mg/kg in LPS and P1-3 groups. PHCD 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg were given IP after LPS administration in P1-3 groups. The animals were anesthetized at 6 h after IP LPS. Blood samples were collected for determination of serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations ( by ELISA) and then sacrificed, the lungs were immediately removed for determination of TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression (by RT-PCR), and microscopic examination. Results LPS significantly increased TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations. PHCD 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg significantly inhibited LPS-induced increase in TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and serum TNF-α and ILr6 concentrations.The lung histopathologic damage was significantly ameliorated in P2 and P3 groups as compared with group LPS.Conclusion PHCD can protect the lungs against LPS-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting TLR4 mRNA and TLR2 mRNA expression in the lung tissue and reducing the inflammatory response.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对大鼠胸部撞击致急性肺损伤及肺组织Toll样受体4表达的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚对大鼠胸部撞击致急性肺损伤及肺组织Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠96只,体重250～300 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=32):对照组(C组)只麻醉,不制备模型;肺损伤组(ALI组);盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PHcD组)模型制备后即刻,腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚2 mg/kg.砝码(300g)于95 cm高处自由落体撞击大鼠心前区以制备急性肺损伤模型.于模型制备后2、8、12和24h时取8只大鼠,取动脉血样,测定血清TNF-α浓度.于模型制备后8 h取8只大鼠,取动脉血样,行动脉血气分析,随后处死大鼠,取肺组织观察病理学结果,测定干/湿重比(W/D比)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性和TLR4表达水平.结果 与c组比较,ALI组和PHCD组pH值和PaO2下降,PaCO2、乳酸浓度、肺组织MPO活性、W/D比及TLR4表达和血清TNF-α浓度升高(P＜0.01);与ALI组比较,PHcD组pH值和PaO2升高,PaCO2、乳酸浓度、肺组织MPO活性、W/D比及TLR4表达和血清TNF-α浓度降低(P＜0.05).PHcD组肺组织病理性损伤较ALI组减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚可减轻大鼠胸部撞击诱发的急性肺损伤,其机制与下调肺组织TLR4表达,降低炎性反应有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHCD) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by blunt chest trauma and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in the lung tissues in rats.Methods Ninety-six male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 32 each):control group (group C), ALI group and PHCD group. ALI was induced by dropping a 300 g weight onto a precordial protective shield to direct the impact force away from the heart and toward the lungs in anesthetized rats according to the method described by Raghavendran et al. PHCD 2 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally immediately after ALI was induced in group PHCD. Eight rats were selected at 2, 8, 12 and 24 h after ALI was induced, and arterial blood samples were collected for determination of the serum TNF-α concentration. Eight rats were selected at 8 h after ALI was induced, arterial blood samples collected for blood gas analysis and then the rats sacrificed. The lungs were immediately removed for determination of W/D lung weight ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and TLR4 expression, and microscopic examination. Results The pH value and PaO2 were significantly lower, and the PaCO2, lactic acid level, MPO activity, W/D ratio, TLR4 expression and serum TNF-α concentration higher in groups ALI and PHCD than in group C (P ＜ 0.01 ). The pH value and PaO2 were significantly higher, and the PaCO2, lactic acid level, MPO activity, W/D ratio, TLR4 expression and serum TNF-α concentration lower in group PHCD than in group ALI ( P ＜ 0.05). The lung histopathologic damage was significantly ameliorated in PHCD group as compared with ALI group. Conclusion PHCD can protect the lungs against blunt chest trauma-induced ALI, and the down-regulation of TLR4 expression in lung tissues and reduction of inflammatory response are involved in the mechanism.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织CD14和Toll样受体4表达的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织CD14和Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠32只,2月龄,体重230 ～ 280 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为4组(n=8),对照组(C组):腹腔和尾静脉均注射生理盐水1 ml/kg;急性肺损伤组(ALI组):腹腔注射生理盐水1 ml/kg,30 min后经尾静脉注射内毒素5 mg/kg;盐酸戊乙奎醚低剂量组(LP组)和高剂量组(HP组):分别腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.3和1.0 mg/kg,30 min后经尾静脉注射内毒素5 mg/kg.静脉注射生理盐水或内毒素后6h时,取肺组织,分别采用Western blot法和RT-PCR法检测CD14、TLR4蛋白及其mRNA的表达水平,并观察肺组织病理学结果.结果 与C组比较,ALI组、LP组和HP组肺组织CD14、TLR4蛋白及其mRNA表达上调(P＜0.05);与ALI组比较,LP组及HP组肺组织CD14、TLR4蛋白及其mRNA表达下调(P＜0.05).LP组和HP组CD14、TLR4蛋白及其mRNA表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).LP组和HP组肺组织病理学损伤较ALI组减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药可通过降低肺组织CD14、TLR4的活性减轻大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤的影响

目的研究盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对内毒素诱导大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)的影响及其机制。方法40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为5组(n=8),对照组(C组):腹腔和尾静脉均注射生理盐水1 ml/kg;模型组(L组):腹腔注射生理盐水1 ml/kg,30 min后经尾静脉注射脂多糖(LPS)5mg/kg;盐酸戊乙奎醚低剂量组(DL组)、中剂量组(DM组)和高剂量组(DH组)分别腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.03 mg/kg、0.1 mg/kg、0.3 mg/kg,30 min后经尾静脉注射LPS 5 mg/kg。LPS注射后4 h放血处死动物。检测肺组织湿/干重比(W/D)、肺通透性指数(LPI)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性、丙二醛(MDA)水平和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;检测支气管肺泡灌洗液蛋白浓度、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性和中性粒细胞数;测定血清MDA水平和SOD活性;光镜观察肺组织形态学改变;电镜观察肺组织超微结构。结果与C组比较, L组、DL组、DM组和DH组肺W/D、肺含水量、LPI、支气管肺泡灌洗液LDH活性增加,支气管肺泡灌洗液中性粒细胞数和肺组织MPO活性、肺组织和血清MDA水平升高,SOD活性降低(P<0.05);与L组相比,DL组、DM组和DH组肺W/D、肺含水量、LPI、支气管肺泡灌洗液LDH活性降低,支气管肺泡灌洗液中性粒细胞数和肺组织MPO活性以及肺组织和血清MDA水平降低,SOD活性升高(P<0.05); DL组、DM组和DH组各指标组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。光镜、电镜观察:盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药各组肺组织病理学变化较L组减轻。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药可减轻内毒素诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对失血性休克大鼠急性肺损伤时TLR4 mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对失血性休克大鼠急性肺损伤时Toll样受体4(TLR4)mRNA表达的影响.方法 健康SD大鼠40只,体重200～250 g,随机分为5组(n=8):假手术组(S组)、失血性休克致急性肺损伤组(ALI组)和低、中、高剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药组(P1～3组).S组仅行动静脉穿刺,不放血,ALI组股动脉放血至35～45 mm Hg制备急性肺损伤模型,P1～3组分别于放血前30 min股静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.3、1.0、3.0 mg/kg,随后制备急性肺损伤模型.各组复苏后4 h时处死大鼠取肺,称重后计算肺湿干重比,检测TLR4 mRNA和NF-κB p65蛋白的表达水平,观察病理学结果.结果 与S组比较,ALI组和P1组TLR4 mRNA、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平及肺湿干重比升高(P＜0.05或0.01),P2.3组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与ALI组比较,P2,3组TLR4 mRNA、NF-κB p65蛋白表达水平及肺湿干重比降低(P＜0.05或0.01);P2组和P3组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).P2,3组肺组织病理学损伤程度较ALI组明显减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药可通过抑制肺组织TLR4 mRNA表达上调,进而降低NF-κB活性,从而减轻失血性休克诱发大鼠的急性肺损伤.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达及SOD活性的影响

目的 探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对内毒素性急性肺损伤大鼠肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达及SOD活性的影响.方法 健康雄性SD大鼠32只,月龄2月,体重230～280 g,随机分为4组(n=8),对照组(C组)腹腔和尾静脉均注射生理盐水1 ml/kg;急性肺损伤组(ALI组):腹腔注射生理盐水1 ml/kg,30 min后经尾静脉注射LPS 5 mg/kg;盐酸戊乙奎醚低剂量组(LP组)、高剂量组(HP组)分别腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.3和1 mg/kg,30 min后经尾静脉注射LPS 5 mg/kg.静脉注射生理盐水或LPS后6 h时,取肺组织,检测NF-κB mRNA的表达、TNF-α和MDA的含量和SOD活性,计算肺组织湿/干重比(W/D)及含水量,观察肺组织病理学结果.结果 与C组比较,ALI组、LP组和HP组肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达上调,TNF-α及MDA含量升高,SOD活性降低,W/D和肺组织含水量升高(P＜0.05);与ALI组比较,LP组和HP组肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达下调,TNF-α及MDA含量降低,SOD活性升高,W/D和肺组织含水量降低(P＜0.05);与LP组比较,HP组肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达下调,TNF-α及MDA含量降低,SOD活性升高,W/D和肺组织含水量降低(P＜0.05).LP组和HP组肺组织病理学损伤较ALI组减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药减轻大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤的机制可能与下调肺组织NF-κB mRNA表达,降低肺局部炎性反应,增强机体抗氧化能力有关.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对体外循环致大鼠急性肺损伤的影响

目的 评价盐酸戊乙奎醚对体外循环(CPB)致大鼠急性肺损伤的影响.方法 成年雄性SD大鼠40只,4～6月龄,体重330～420 g,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为4组(n=10):假手术组(S组)仅进行动脉和静脉穿刺置管;急性肺损伤组(ALI组)、低剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PL组)和高剂量盐酸戊乙奎醚组(PH组)建立CPB模型;PL组和PH组分别在预冲液中加入盐酸戊乙奎醚0.6和2.0 mg/kg,ALI组加入等容量生理盐水,进行CPB1h.于CPB前和CPB结束后2h采集动脉血样,进行血气分析;于CPB结束后2h时采集上腔静脉血样,测定血浆TNF-α和IL-6的浓度;取肺组织测定含水量、MDA含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)活性,光镜下观察病理学改变.结果 与S组比较,ALI组、PL组和PH组CPB结束后2h时PaO2降低,肺组织含水量、MDA含量和血浆TNF-α和IL-6的浓度升高,肺组织GSH-px活性降低(P＜0.05);与ALI组比较,PL组和PH组CPB结束后2h时PaO2升高,肺组织含水量、MDA含量和血浆TNF-α和IL-6的浓度降低,肺组织GSH-px活性升高(P＜0.05),病理学损伤减轻;与PL组比较,PH组CPB结束后2h时PaO2升高,肺组织含水量、MDA含量和血浆TNF-α和IL-6的浓度降低,肺组织GSH-px活性升高(P＜0.05),病理学损伤减轻更明显.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚0.6和2.0 mg/kg可减轻CPB致大鼠急性肺损伤,且与剂量有关,其机制与抑制脂质过氧化反应和炎性反应有关.     

Toll样受体4在内毒素和“两次打击”致小鼠急性肺损伤中作用的比较

目的 比较Toll样受体4(TLR-4)在内毒素(LPS)和“两次打击”致小鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)中的作用.方法 雄性野生型小鼠C3H/HeN和TLR-4基因突变型小鼠C3H/HeJ各36只,采用随机数字表法,将2种小鼠各随机分为2组(n＝18),假手术/LPS组(S/LPS组)只进行手术操作而不实施放血诱导休克,失血性休克复苏/LPS组(HSR/LPS组)制备失血性休克复苏模型.复苏后24h时2组气管内滴注LPS 30μg/kg.分别于给予LPS后即刻(T1)、3 h(T2)和6 h(T3)时取6只小鼠,采集动脉血样,测定Pa02,然后处死小鼠,取肺组织,计算肺组织湿/干重比,并测定髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性、IL-10和IL-6的含量.以T1时均数作为基础值,计算T2.3时各指标的变化率.结果 与S/LPS组比较,C3H/HeN小鼠的HSP/LPS组T2.3时Pa02变化率降低,肺组织W/D比、MPO、IL-6和IL-10的变化率升高(P< 0.05或0.01),C3H/HeJ小鼠的HSR/LPS组T2时Pa02变化率降低,肺组织W/D比、MPO、IL-6和IL-10的变化率升高(P<0.05或0.01),T3时上述指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 与LPS致小鼠ALI中的作用比较,TLR-4在“两次打击”致ALI中的作用明显增强.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤时缺氧诱导因子-1α表达的影响

目的 评价盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药对大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤时缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)表达的影响.方法 健康成年雌性SD大鼠120只,体重180 ～ 220 g,采用随机数字表法,将大鼠随机分为3组(n=40):对照组(C组)、急性肺损伤组(ALI组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药组(P组).采用腹腔注射内毒素5 mg/kg制备大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤模型.C组腹腔注射等量生理盐水,P组于注射内毒素前30 min时腹腔注射盐酸戊乙奎醚2 mg/kg.于注射内毒素后2、4、8和24 h时各组随机取8只大鼠处死取肺,采用RT-PCR法检测肺组织HIF-1α mRNA的表达.于注射内毒素后6h时随机取8只大鼠处死取肺,测定湿干重比(W/D比),用ELISA法检测肺组织IL-6的含量,光镜下观察肺组织病理学结果.结果 与C组比较,ALI组和P组注射内毒素后6h时W/D比、IL-6含量、各时点HIF-1α表达水平升高(P＜0.05);与ALI组比较,P组注射内毒素后6h时W/D比、IL-6含量、各时点HIF-1α表达水平降低(P＜0.05).P组肺组织病理学损伤程度较ALI组减轻.结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚预先给药通过下调肺组织HIF-1α表达,抑制炎性反应,从而减轻大鼠内毒素性急性肺损伤.     

Toll样受体4在失血性休克复苏致小鼠急性肺损伤中的作用

目的 探讨Toll样受体4(TLR4)在失血性休克复苏致小鼠急性肺损伤中的作用.方法 TLR4基因突变型C3H/HeJ小鼠和野生型C3H/HeN小鼠各24只,两种品系小鼠各随机分为2组:假手术组(S组,n=6)、失血性休克复苏组(HSR组,n=18)制备失血性休克复苏模型,并于复苏后6、24、48 h时各取6只小鼠颈动脉放血处死后开胸取肺组织,免疫组织化学法检测p38 MAPK表达水平,酶联免疫吸附法测定白细胞介素(IL)-10和IL-6含量,透射电镜下观察肺组织超微结构.结果 与C3H/HeN小鼠比较,C3H/HeJ小鼠复苏后肺组织p38 MAPK表达下调,IL-6和IL-10含量降低(P<0.05或0.01),病理损伤程度减轻.两种品系小鼠中,与S组比较,HSR组复苏后24 h时肺组织IL-6和IL-10含量增加,复苏后48 h时肺组织IL-6含量增加(P<0.05或0.01);C3H/HeN小鼠中,与S组比较,HSR组复苏后6 h和24 h时肺组织p38 MAPK蛋白表达上调,复苏后48 h时肺组织IL-10含量增加(P<0.01).结论 TLR4参与小鼠失血性休克复苏致急性肺损伤的发生,其机制与激活p38 MAPK信号转导通路有关.     

羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对内毒素致大鼠急性肺损伤时TLR4表达的影响

目的 探讨羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对内毒素致大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)时Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠30只,体重250～300 g,随机分为5组(n=6),生理盐水对照组(NS组)、ALI组和H_(1-3)组.ALI组、H_1组和H_2组经右颈内静脉注射内毒素10ms/kg制备大鼠ALI模型,H_1组和H_2组注射内毒素完毕1 min后,右颈内静脉分别输注6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4 15和30ml/kg,H_3组仅右颈内静脉输注6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4 30 ml/kg,速率均为0.2 ml/min.注射内毒素后6 h时处死大鼠取肺,光镜下观察肺组织病理学;采用RT-PCR检测TLR4 mRNA的表达水平,Western bloting法检测肺组织TLR4蛋白的表达水平.结果 与NS组相比,ALI组TLR4 mRNA和蛋白的表达上调(P＜0.05),H_3组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与ALI组相比,H_1组和H_2组TLR4 mRNA和蛋白的表达下调(P＜0.05);H_1组和H_2组TLR4 mRNA和蛋白的表达比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).病理结果显示:H_1组和H_2组肺损伤程度较ALI组明显减轻.结论 羟乙基淀粉130/0.4可能通过抑制TLR4表达上调,减轻炎性反应,从而减轻内毒素致大鼠ALI.