Spontaneous tumors in rats from the Rappolovo Breeding Nursery of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR]

The authors report the data on the incidence of neoplasms in rats of the "Rappolovo" nursery breeding (USSR Acad. Med. Sci.) and their offsprings during 4 sequential generations kept in the vivarium of the N. N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology of the USSR Ministry of Health. The frequency of spontaneous tumors in 213 male and 230 female rats was 25.8 and 35.7% accordingly. Totally, male animals developed 65 tumors, females--114. over 80% of all neoplasms developed in animals older than 18 months. The frequency of neoplasms of separate localizations in males and females was as follows: the hypophysis--7.0 and 12.6% correspondingly; the mammary gland--0.5 and 11.7%, the thyroid (thyroidal epithelium) - 1.4 and 3.0% and (light cells) 5.6 and 8.3%; the adrenal cortex--0.5 and 1.3%; the hematopoietic system --7.0 and 5.6%; parasitic sarcomas of the abdominal cavity --5.6 and 3.0%; the skin --0.4 and 0.4%; soft tissues --0.9 and 0%; the liver--0.4 and 0.4%; the kidneys --0.4 and 0.4%. Moreover, one male showed seminal vesicle tumor, and females-solitary neoplasms of the pancreas and salivary gland, the dura mater, the ovary and uterus. Significant differences were revealed in the frequency of spontaneous neoplasms in separate rat generations.     

Experience in the organization of ambulatory chemotherapy at the All-Union Oncologic Research Center of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences

The recent advances have made it possible for chemotherapy to be used for cancer control under the conditions of out-patient clinics. Within 5 years, 9,000 out-patients had received at the Center 10-day courses of chemotherapy which was free from toxic complications and produced a therapeutic effect similar to that observed in in-patients. The out-patient chemotherapy service saved 177,140 in-patient/days which is an equivalent of running a 500 bed specialized cancer hospital during 12 months.     

军事医学科学院附属医院乳腺癌临床流行病学16年演变趋势

目的 我国乳腺癌流行病学演变趋势尚未明确,本研究旨在分析乳腺癌发病年龄、临床分期和分子分型为主的流行病学变化趋势.方法 从军事医学科学院附属医院电子病例档案库中,收集2000 01-01-2015-12 31初治原发性乳腺癌患者资料,建立乳腺癌信息数据库,回顾性分析乳腺癌患者发病年龄、临床分期和分子分型的总体分布及其随年代的变化趋势.结果 2 482例初治原发性乳腺癌中位确诊年龄48(19～87)岁,发病高峰年龄段41～60岁,随时间无明显变化.临床分期中,0期(原位癌)和Ⅰ期乳腺癌占比随时间呈显著上升趋势,Ⅲ期乳腺癌比率呈下降趋势,Ⅱ、Ⅳ期乳腺癌比率趋势变化平稳,χ2=48.60,P＜0.000 1.分子分型中,Luminal型及人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermalgrowth factor receptor 2,HER2)阳性乳腺癌均有增加趋势,而三阴型乳腺癌有下降趋势,χ2=24.81,P＜0.000 1.结论 北京地区乳腺癌高峰发病年龄段为41～60岁,中位年龄随时间无明显上升;早期可手术乳腺癌(0～Ⅱ期,T3 N1 M0期)尤其是原位癌(0期)比例有显著增加的趋势;分子分型中Luminal型及HER2阳性乳腺癌有增加趋势.     

鼻咽癌调强放射治疗靶区勾画-中国医学科学院肿瘤医院经验总结

目的:总结我院鼻咽癌调强放射治疗靶区勾画及个体化处理经验.方法:自2001年11月到2010年7月我院已开展鼻咽癌调强放疗技术9年,通过不断摸索和完善,制定了鼻咽癌靶区勾画规范,本文描述在靶区勾画中的经验和技巧.结果:通过开展鼻咽癌调强放射治疗技术9年来的实践,我们制定了比较完善合理的鼻咽癌靶区勾画方法,并在一些细节和...     

Importance of follow-up of family history for understanding the genetic background of cancer

The details of family histories naturally change as time passes. Thus, the family histories at the time of first consultation are incomplete, particularly in the cases of younger cancer patients whose disease is indicated as having a genetic background on the basis of epidemiological studies. The necessity for follow-up of the family history is illustrated by presenting some clinical cases as examples.