关于中医推拿手法摆动类法施力的频域分析

依据中医推拿手法测力分析仪ＦＺ－Ｉ型上所测得的施力数据，对各向作用力进行频域分析，并对各频段成分在综合推拿效用中所起的作用以及与其它因素的相互关系作了比较与分析。     

基于多刚体力学模型腰椎推拿斜扳法的优化

目的 综合考虑推拿的有效性和安全性,提出一种评价振荡激励和脉冲激励腰椎推拿斜扳法优劣的方法,并对振荡激励腰椎推拿斜扳法进行优化。方法 建立多刚体胸-腰椎生物力学模型,手法作用力作为模型的输入力,运用MATLAB/Simulink进行仿真,模拟得到腰椎各节段位移和加速度随时间变化的情况,对腰椎推拿手法行优化时,改变推拿作用力的核心要素频率f和操作次数n,比较腰椎各节段最大相对位移和最大加速度,并提出一种新的指标z,对推拿手法的有效性和安全性进行综合评价。结果 两种激励腰椎推拿斜扳法作用时,腰椎各节段最大相对位移没有差异;振荡激励腰椎推拿斜扳法作用时,腰椎各节段的最大加速度均明显小于脉冲激励腰椎推拿斜扳法作用时的最大加速度。当f=1～2.5 Hz时,推拿整体效果比较好,且整体效果与操作数无关,推拿作用力持续1个操作数即可;当f=3.33 Hz,n≥5时,推拿治疗效果最好,但此时腰椎各节段承受力也相对较大;当f≥5 Hz时,推拿整体表现不佳。结论 振荡激励腰椎推拿斜扳法比脉冲激励腰椎推拿斜扳法更安全,研究结果为医生提供一个比较合理的振荡激励腰椎推拿斜扳法操作参数的范围。     

推拿治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床体会

临床上正确应用推拿治疗腰椎间盘突出症，已经取得了较满意的效果，但也存在着推拿手法的使用不当，致使患者经推拿治疗后，效果不明显，有时还会使症状加重，造成不良后果。我科十余年来应用推拿治疗腰椎间盘突出症267例，对其中8．6％的无效病例进行了临床分析，并参考有关文献，总结出影响其疗效的几个因素，现总结如下。     

基于小波变换的中医推拿法作用力信号能量分析

目的分析中医推拿法作用力各频率段的能量分布,揭示法的动力学特点。方法测量6位推拿专家及6位初学者的法推拿作用力信号,利用小波变换进行频带划分,计算各频率段的能量并进行统计分析。对垂直作用力和水平作用力构造18个特征量,提出了总体评价系数R。结果专家的法推拿作用力信号在0～0.406 25 Hz的低频段集中了近70%的能量,另有约20%的能量集中在1.625～3.25 Hz频率段。6位推拿专家总体评价系数R均大于0.70,6位初学者的总体评价系数R均小于0.70,两者具有较显著的差异。结论 法作用力各频率段的能量分布体现了法"柔和"性及周期性特点。当测试者法推拿技术动作规范且总体评价系数R大于0.70时,可认为已较好地掌握了法推拿技术。     

基于小波变换的中医推拿扌衮法作用力信号能量分析

目的 分析中医推拿法作用力各频率段的能量分布,揭示扌衮法的动力学特点。方法 测量6位推拿专家及6位初学者的扌衮法推拿作用力信号,利用小波变换进行频带划分,计算各频率段的能量并进行统计分析。对垂直作用力和水平作用力构造18个特征量,提出了总体评价系数R。结果 专家的扌衮法推拿作用力信号在0~0.406 25 Hz的低频段集中了近70%的能量,另有约20%的能量集中在1.625~3.25 Hz频率段。6位推拿专家总体评价系数R均大于0.70,6位初学者的总体评价系数R均小于0.70,两者具有较显著的差异。结论 扌衮法作用力各频率段的能量分布体现了法“柔和”性及周期性特点。当测试者扌衮法推拿技术动作规范且总体评价系数R大于0.70时,可认为已较好地掌握了扌衮法推拿技术。     

摩腹对功能性消化不良大鼠胃窦组织的代谢组学研究

目的：采用液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）技术，从代谢角度探讨摩腹对功能性消化不良（FD）大鼠的疗效及作用机制。方法：运用随机数字表法将30只大鼠分为3组：正常对照组、FD模型组和推拿组，每组10只。模型组和推拿组采用0.1%蔗糖碘乙酰胺溶液灌胃叠加小平台站立法建造FD模型。造模结束后运用苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察胃窦组织病理变化。推拿组进行摩腹操作。干预7 d后，对各组大鼠取材，测定胃排空率，检测胃窦组织代谢物含量，通过相关分析筛选出差异代谢物，利用Metabo Analyst 5.0和KEGG在线数据库进行代谢通路分析。结果：HE染色结果显示，各组大鼠胃黏膜腺体排列整齐、结构完整，未见明显炎性细胞浸润，胃窦组织病理学检测无明显差异。与正常对照组相比，FD模型组大鼠胃排空率显著下降（P<0.05）；与FD模型组相比，推拿组大鼠胃排空率显著升高（P<0.05）。代谢组学结果显示，与正常对照组相比，FD模型组胃窦组织中视黄醛、精氨酸琥珀酸、N-甲基-α-氨基异丁酸、乙酰磷酸酯、膦酰基乙酸酯、2-苯基丁酸、肌酸、4-羟基肉桂酸和苯丙酮酸含量显著升高，腺嘌呤、谷胱甘肽、腺苷、烟...     

骨折后关节障碍的推拿治疗效果分析

目的对骨折患者功能活动康复训练中进行推拿治疗的效果进行分析。方法选取我院40例骨折治疗后关节功能活动受限患者，对其进行推拿治疗，并对治疗效果进行分析讨论。结果40例患者中有32例患者治疗有效，占总比的80%，其中有23例患者痊愈，占总比的57.5%，仅有2例患者治疗无效，占总比的5%。结论推拿治疗在骨折患者功能活动康复训练中疗效显著，是一种值得推广的治疗方式。     

针刺联合五步复位法治疗游泳运动员椎间盘突出的临床效果评价

目的 探讨针刺联合五步复位法治疗椎间盘突出的临床效果。方法 选取符合条件要求的80例腰椎盘突出患者，将其随机分为对照组、针刺组、五步复位推拿组、针刺联合五步复位法组，每组20人，各治疗两个疗程，共1个月。治疗完毕后，评价针刺、五步复位推拿及针刺联合五步复位推拿治疗效果。观察指标包括腰痛JOA量表、McGill疼痛量表、生活质量QOL量表、重力矩和肌肉矩。结果 干预治疗后，与对照组相比，针刺组、五步复位推拿组、针刺联合五步复位推拿组患者JOA、McGill、QOL、重力矩和肌肉矩均有显著改善（P＜0.05），且联合治疗组改善效果更为显著（P＜0.01）。结论 针刺联合五步复位法显著改善游泳运动员腰椎盘突出的症状。     

面向推拿康复机器人的人机交互界面数字建模与动力学研究

目的 采集、分析专业医师推拿手法的运动学、动力学特征,并基于仿人手设计的多功能推拿头,开发一种适用于多种按摩手法、学习专业医师推拿力度曲线的力度柔顺控制算法,以期提供一种实现推拿机器人运动学、动力学复现的方法。方法 首先基于传统中医按摩理论,对滚法、揉法、振法进行运动学以及动力学分析,将其动作特征进行抽取解耦,形成多维度的运动学和动力学模式化表达。其次通过推拿手法测定仪以及动作捕捉系统,对专业医师推拿手法动作进行运动学、动力学数据采集。最后基于一款仿人手设计的多功能按摩头,以专业医师推拿手法信息为示教,对推拿手法的空间轨迹、力度曲线进行学习并开发力度柔顺控制算法。结果 推拿头和专业医师的滚法力度最大值分别为52.18 N、55.10 N,最小值分别为29.71 N、6.23 N,推拿头推拿过程中力度曲线的波形与专业医师比较接近。推拿头执行揉法力度的平均值、最大值以及最小值相对于专业医师的误差分别为-0.51%、3.58%和-3.56%,推拿头和专业医师推拿力度的标准差、偏度与峭度均十分接近。推拿头和专业医师的振法最大值分别为21.82 N、21.54 N,频率分别为3.67 Hz、14...     

中医屈指推法的生物力学建模及分析

背景：推拿医学发展趋势是逐步摆脱单纯经验化的模式,走向客观化、精确化、量化和个体化,使推拿医师能控制手法的力量、时间、方向、频率等各项指标。 目的：建立中医一指禅推法(屈指)的生物力学模型,探索在体情况下无0法无创检测的关节作用力的计算方法。 方法：采用摄像技术,采集一指禅推法(屈指)的运动学数据,同时利用FZ-I型中医推拿手法测力分析仪采集作用力数据,依此建立手法的生物力学模型并计算各主要关节的作用力。 结果与结论：建立了4杆件、5结点的中医一指禅推法(屈指)生物力学模型,计算得到了拇指指间关节、拇指掌指关节、腕关节和肘关节的作用力,分析了各关节在手法运动中的作用,与操作医师的实际感受一致。提示由中医一指禅推法(屈指)的生物力学模型可计算推拿过程中各关节的作用力,可为手法教学和研究提供一定的帮助。     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

Class II HLA in Georgia Caucasus Tbilisi Georgians and their Mediterranean ancestry: The Usko Mediterranean languages

Georgia (or Sakartvelo in its own language) is a South Caucasus Mts. country with its easternmost part is enigmatically named Iberia, like the Iberian Peninsula, which may refer to rivers “Kura” and “Ebro” or their valleys respectively. Most of their inhabitants speak Georgian which is included within Dene-Caucasian group and Usko-Mediterranean subgroup of languages. The latter includes Basque, Berber, ancient Iberian-Tartessian, Etruscan, Hittite, Minoan Lineal A and others. In the present paper, HLA class II -DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles has been studied and extended haplotypes calculated. Most frequent haplotypes are also of Mediterranean origin (i. e.: (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*51)-DRB1*13:01-DQB1*06:03, or (A*24-B*35)-DRB1*01:01-DQB1*05:01) and DA genetic distances show that closest world populations to Georgians are Mediterraneans. Georgians also show common extended haplotypes ((A*02-B*51)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01, (A*02-B*13)-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:01 and (A*03-B*35)-DRB1*11:01-DQB1*03:01) with Svan people, a secluded population in North Georgia mountains. We can conclude that Georgians belong to a very old Mediterranean substratum according to both linguistics (Usko Mediterranean languages) and HLA genetics.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.