肠房转流通畅前提下并发顽固性腹水的治疗

目的 探讨布加综合征肠房转流术后顽固性腹水的治疗.方法 对2008年收治的1例经多次治疗(包括肠房转流术)后均于短期内复发的布加综合征患者进行回顾性分析.结果 临床表现为重度腹水致呼吸困难,CT静脉造影检查示肠房人工血管通畅但血流量低,考虑吻合口狭窄所致.术中探查发现吻合口极度狭窄,用带外支撑环的补片重建吻合口,疗效满意.结论 复杂或经多次手术或介入治疗的布加综合征患者,要遵循个体化治疗原则,强调术前明确诊断及选择正确治疗方案和手术方式.     

布-加综合征的治疗

目的：探讨布－加综合征（BCS）各种治疗方法的疗效。方法：回顾性分析260例BCS病人采用不同治疗方法的临床资料。结果：260例中采用介入、手术或介入联合手术治疗273例次，其中下腔静脉成形术或／和支架置入术149例160例次，肝静脉或副肝静脉成形术或／和支架置入术15例17例次，下腔静脉加肝静脉或融肝静脉成形术或／和支架置入术10例；常温下直视根治术8例，肠腔转流术16例，肠颈转流术5例，肠房转流术8例，腔房转流术6例，脾肺固定术18例，肠腔转流联合下腔静脉成形术和支架置入术17例，经右房手指破膜术联合下腔静脉成形术和支架置入术8例。手术死亡2例，1例介入病人心包填塞死亡，1例手术病人大出血死亡。全组病人经随访3月－6年，20例复发，其中7例死于肝功能衰竭，其余病人恢复满意。结论：布－加综合征首选介入治疗，不宜介入或介入失败和复发者应选用手术或介入联合手术治疗，治疗效果良好。     

腔-房人工血管转流术治疗合并下腔静脉血栓的布加综合征

腔-房人工血管转流能有效降低下腔静脉及门静脉压力,是治疗布加综合征的有效手段.但是,对于合并下腔静脉血栓者,由于存在血栓脱落致异位栓塞的潜在风险故治疗较为棘手.自1996年3月至2008年12月,河南省人民医院为32例合并下腔静脉血栓的下腔静脉阻塞型布加综合征患者实施了腔-房人工血管转流术,现报道如下.     

腔-房人工血管转流术治疗合并下腔静脉血栓的布加综合征

腔-房人工血管转流能有效降低下腔静脉及门静脉压力,是治疗布加综合征的有效手段.但是,对于合并下腔静脉血栓者,由于存在血栓脱落致异位栓塞的潜在风险故治疗较为棘手.自1996年3月至2008年12月,河南省人民医院为32例合并下腔静脉血栓的下腔静脉阻塞型布加综合征患者实施了腔-房人工血管转流术,现报道如下.     

布加综合征腔内分型治疗与旁路转流术的对比性研究

目的：比较布加综合征（BCS）分型治疗与传统转流手术治疗的优缺点,为临床探索一种简便,有效,安全,经济的治疗方法。方法：1980扑7月－2001年6月,手术治疗BCS 49例,其中32例行肠房或腔房转流术,17例根据临床分型不同应用组合式腔内血管介入加肠腔分流术进行治疗。结果：转流组围手术期并发症显著多于分型治疗组（P＜0．01）,转流组主要手术并发症有肝功能恶化（顽固性腹水外漏,肝昏迷）,心功能不全,乳糜胸,腹水和切口裂开等,分型治疗组术后仅1例出现轻度心功能不全,在住院时间,治疗费用方面,转流组均显著高于分型治疗组（P＜0．01）,在血管通畅率方面,转流组人造血管术后血栓栓塞6例,并发移植物感染1例,分型治疗组术后3年血管支架远心侧出现再狭窄1例,总体疗效方面,分型治疗组明显优于转流组（P＜0．05）,结论：根据BCS分型不同,应用腔内介入和肠腔分流术的不同组合是治疗BCS较为理想的方法。     

腔-房人工血管转流术治疗下腔静脉阻塞型布加综合征

自Ohara[1]于1963年首次报道了腔-房人工血管转流治疗布加综合征以来陆续有文献报道证实它不仅能有效地降低下腔静脉压而且也可不同程度的缓解门静脉高压[2].我院自1994年6月至2007年6月应用腔-房人工血管转流术治疗下腔静脉阻塞型布加综合征患者162例,现报告如下.     

布-加综合征的外科治疗：附172例报告

摘要：目的:探讨布-加综合征的病理特点、临床病理分型及合理的诊断与外科治疗方法和原则。方法:回顾性分析172例布-加综合征患者的临床资料。结果:172例共分为3种类型（7个亚型），采用手术、或手术联合介入治疗，其中：(1)下腔静脉成形术或/和支架置入术99例；(2)肝静脉或副肝静脉成形术或/和支架置入术10例；(3)下腔静脉-下腔静脉架桥术7例；(4)改良脾-肺固定术12例；(5)经右心房手指破膜或球囊导管扩张术5例；(6)常温直视下根治性病变隔膜切除和血栓取除术5例；(7)肠腔转流术11例；(8)肠颈转流术3例；(9)肠房转流术5例；(10)腔房转流术4例；(11)门腔转流联合下腔静脉成形术和支架置入术11例。手术死亡率1.2％（2/172）。全组患者获随访，随访时间3个月至7年，12例复发，复发率7.0％，其中4例因肝衰竭死亡，其余患者恢复满意。结论:布-加综合征术前诊断需借助多种影像学技术检查。对不同病理类型的布-加综合征应采取不同的手术方法。     

布加综合征452例术后并发症的处理

目的　探讨布加综合征术后并发症的预防和治疗经验。 方法　从１９９１ 年７ 月至１９９８年３ 月,我院共收治４５２ 例患者,男２６０ 例,女１９２ 例,年龄２～７２ 岁,平均３２－７ 岁。根据病理分型和临床分期,共施行各种手术３９７ 次。主要的术式包括肠房转流术（７８ 例）,腔房转流术（６５ 例）,肠腔分流术（４１ 例） ,肠颈转流术（３６ 例） ,根治术（３１ 例） ,联合破膜术或加支架置入（２１ 例）,球囊扩张加支架置入术（１０５ 例）,肠腔分流加支架置入（１０ 例） ,脾房分流术（２ 例） 。 结果　术后主要并发症１２９ 例,发生率为３２－５％ 。２２ 例在术后１ 个月内因肝肾综合征等严重并发症而死亡,病死率为５－５％ 。有１８ 例因并发症再次手术,其余患者经各种治疗后恢复良好。 结论　布加综合征术后可发生较多并发症,但只要仔细观察,认真处理,可以得到有效治疗     

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目的 探讨布－加综合征术后并发症的防治方法。方法 对１９８３年５月至１９９９年１２月收的７８２例布－加综合征病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 手术方式包括根治性病变膈膜切除术（２１２例）、脾肺固定术（２０８例）、球囊导管或手指破膜术（１８５例）、肠腔架桥术（６４例）、腔房或腔架桥术（５４例）、脾颈架桥术（３２例）、脾房转流术（１５例）、肠房转流术（８例）、腔脾房转流术（２例）、脾肾分流术（２例）     

布加综合征的手术治疗及预后分析

目的总结布加综合征手术治疗的基本术式及治疗效果。方法回顾性分析笔者所在医院1994年4月至2013年12月期间收治的1024例布加综合征患者的临床资料,总结布加综合征手术治疗的基本术式及治疗效果。结果 1024例患者中,行外科手术116例,行介入手术908例;行下腔静脉单纯球囊扩张术265例,行下腔静脉球囊扩张加支架置入术464例,行肝静脉开通术97例,行经右心房-股静脉联合破膜球囊扩张支架成形术52例,行肠-腔静脉分流术7例,行根治性矫正术20例,行下腔静脉-右心房人工血管转流术45例,行腔-肠-房联合转流术6例,行腔-肠-颈联合转流术9例,行经颈静脉肝内门-体分流术30例,行肠-房转流术29例。术后获访902例,随访时间为1d-19年,平均13年。严格、灵活地应用各种术式治疗布加综合征为患者带来了令人满意的效果。结论布加综合征由多种原因所引起,其治疗应当根据不同的病因或病理类型而选择不同的治疗方法;对布加综合征的诊断与分型有助于我们制定安全、合理及有效的治疗方案。     

重症布—加综合征的围手术期处理

目的探讨重症布-加综合征围手术期的合理处理方法。方法回顾性分析94例重症布-加综合征患者的临床资料。放射介入治疗11例,均行经皮肝穿肝静脉球囊导管扩张成形术;手术治疗83例,其中肠-腔分流术53例,脾-颈内静脉转流术10例,改良脾．肺固定术2例,腔-房转流术15例,B—CS根治术3例。结果围手术期内,79例治愈,9例好转,死亡6例。结论对于不同临床症状,不同病变类型及不同手术方式的患者,要分别给予不同的围手术期处理。     

Acute Budd-Chiari syndrome during pregnancy: Surgical treatment and orthotopic liver transplantation with successful completion of the pregnancy

A 26-year-old woman presented with acute Budd-Chiari syndrome 18 weeks into a pregnancy. She was found to be heterozygous for the G20210A prothrombin gene mutation. She was treated with portacaval shunt placement and successfully completed the pregnancy, with a healthy baby delivered at 31 weeks' gestation. She developed progressive liver failure after delivery of the child, likely associated with clotting of the shunt, which occurred in the face of full anticoagulation. The patient subsequently underwent a technically complicated orthotopic liver transplantation, but died 10 months after transplantation. This case illustrates the challenges involved in the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome, in addition to difficulties balancing the health of a mother and an unborn child. It is the only case of surgical treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome during pregnancy reported in the literature. (Liver Transpl 2003;9:976-979.)     

21例下腔静脉放置支架治疗布-加综合征失误临床分析

目的探讨介入治疗布-加综合征(BCS)适应证及其失误后的外科治疗措施。方法回顾性分析21例行下腔静脉放置支架失误的BCS患者临床资料。结果21例失误中适应证选择不当6例,支架堵塞主肝静脉1例,堵塞扩张的副肝静脉10例,支架移位3例,支架未展开1例。19例改行手术治疗,其中18例行分流术,1例行下腔静脉隔膜根治性切除术。手术治疗的19例均获成功。18例分流术后自由门静脉压力(FPP)明显下降(P<0.05),无围手术期死亡。随访15例,随访时间为6个月至6年。有效率86.7%(13/15),复发率6.7%(1/15)。1例患者于术后2年死于肝性脑病。结论介入治疗BCS时要严格掌握其适应证,对介入治疗失误和复发病例可选用不同的分流手术。     

介入和外科手术治疗布加综合征39例诊治体会

目的总结介入治疗、根治术、转流减压术治疗布加综合征（Budd-Chiari syndrome,B-CS）的诊治经验。方法回顾性分析39例BCS患者的临床资料,其中行介入治疗15例,根治手术9例,转流手术15例。结果手术均一次性获得成功,围手术期死亡率0%,下腔静脉压力平均下降14.8（5～24）cmH2O。所有病例术后症状、体征不同程度消退。随访32例,13例基本恢复正常生活,11例可从事轻度体力劳动,8例不能从事体力劳动但生活可自理。1例胸腔积液反复出现,术后1年基本消失,遗留胸廓塌陷。1例根治术后复发,拒绝再次手术治疗,随后失访。结论介入治疗逐渐成为B-CS的首选术式,但根治术和转流术等外科术式也各有其适应证和不可替代性。临床工作中应根据病理类型和血流动力学变化特征,制定个体化的最佳手术方案。     

Simultaneous retrohepatic inferior vena cavoplasty and side-to-side portacaval shunt for recurrent thrombosed mesoatrial shunt in the Budd-Chiari syndrome

The Budd-Chiari syndrome is an unusual and often fatal form of portal hypertension caused by hepatic vein occlusion. It comprises less than 5% of surgically correctable causes of portal hypertension and can be one of the most difficult to treat. Recurrent Budd-Chiari syndrome associated with a thrombosed mesoatrial shunt can be an even more vexing problem because of the patient's debilitated condition, hypercoagulable state, and altered anatomy from the previous thoracic and abdominal operations. Although the literature describes numerous surgical methods of treating the Budd-Chiari syndrome, no report specifically addresses the reoperative management of a recurrent thrombosed mesoatrial shunt. We report a patient with a recurrent thrombosed mesoatrial shunt, tightly stenotic retrohepatic inferior vena cava, and occluded hepatic veins with severe portal hypertension. A simultaneous inferior vena cavoplasty and a side-to-side portacaval shunt have produced excellent results with 26-month follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this method has not been previously described. Other reported surgical methods of treating the Budd-Chiari syndrome are discussed, with emphasis on their relative applicability to the reoperative management of this condition. We submit that this one-stage patch cavoplasty and side-to-side portacaval shunt are the best direct surgical methods to provide immediate and long-term benefit for patients with this most challenging problem.     

Surgical options, hematologic evaluation, and pathologic changes in Budd-Chiari syndrome

This article presents a scheme of management for Budd-Chiari syndrome based on experience with 33 patients. Therapy in acute Budd-Chiari syndrome is dictated by the liver biopsy, with hepatocyte necrosis indicating the need for placement of a decompressive shunt. The type of shunt was determined by intrahepatic vena cava obstruction; a higher morbidity rate was associated with the mesoatrial shunt in 11 patients than with a portacaval shunt in 10 patients. Successful shunt placement allowed stabilization of the liver biopsy and maintenance of good hepatocyte function [galactose elimination capacity (preoperative: 349 +/- 40 mg/minute; 20 months: 344 +/- 60 mg/minute)]. Severe fibrosis and reduced galactose elimination capacity (264 +/- 43 mg/minute) indicated advanced disease--chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome--and were indications for liver transplant. Hematologic evaluation documented a myeloproliferative disorder in 8 of the last 13 patients evaluated; perioperative and late anticoagulation and/or chemotherapy reduced recurrent thrombosis. We conclude that the Budd-Chiari syndrome requires different therapies depending on the stage of disease. If no hepatocyte injury is present on biopsy, therapy may not be needed. Acute, reversible injury can be managed by placement of a decompressive shunt. Irreversible damage requires transplantation. Selection of the right therapy requires a complete evaluation.     

Budd-Chiari syndrome with thrombosis of the inferior vena cava: long-term patency of meso-caval and cavoatrial prosthetic bypass

Portacaval or mesocaval shunts may relieve ascites that is caused by chronic forms of primary Budd-Chiari syndrome. When inferior vena cava stenosis is severe or is the site of thrombosis, another procedure has to be used. Portoatrial or cavoatrial shunting has been suggested, and a few reports have been made after only a short follow-up period. The case of a young woman with long-standing ascites caused by primary occlusion of the hepatic veins illustrates the incomplete relief of ascites after mesocaval shunt, which was caused by severe stenosis of the inferior vena cava. At 2 1/2-year follow-up, thrombosis of the retrohepatic inferior vena cava was documented and the mesocaval shunt remained patent. Cavoatrial bypass performed with the use of a long Dacron graft was successful as noted at a 4 1/2-year postoperative follow-up, and there was angiographic proof of patency. Budd-Chiari syndrome with stenosis or thrombosis of the inferior vena cava may be cured by prosthetic bypasses to the right atrium. Combined mesocaval and cavoatrial shunt should be encouraged in this specific situation.     

Mesoatrial shunt in Budd-Chiari syndrome

BACKGROUND: The operations with proven effects on survival in Budd-Chiari syndrome are shunt operations and liver transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1993 and 1999 (June), 13 cases of Budd-Chiari syndrome have been treated surgically. Four cases had concomitant thrombosis of the inferior vena cava; the others had marked narrowing of the lumen due to the enlarged caudate lobe. Mesoatrial (n = 12) or mesosuperior vena caval (n = 1) shunts were constructed with ringed polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. RESULTS: The median portal pressure fell from 45 (range 32 to 55) to 20 (range 11 to 27) cm H(2)O (P <0.001). Two patients died in the early postoperative period. One patient who did not comply with anticoagulant treatment had a shunt thrombosis in the second postoperative year. The other 10 patients are alive without problems during a median 42 (range 1 to 76) months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Mesoatrial shunt with a ringed polytetrafluoroethylene graft is effective in Budd-Chiari syndrome cases with thrombosis or significant stenosis in the inferior vena cava.     

Budd-Chiari 综合征根治术后复发的介入治疗：附15例报告

目的：探讨布加综合征（BCS）根治术后复发患者介入治疗的可行性及疗效。 方法：回顾性分析2007年3月—2013年9月15例BCS根治术后复发行介入治疗患者的临床资料。 结果：15例患者,年龄30~68岁,平均46.4岁;共行18例次介入治疗（1例3次,1例2次）,其中下腔静脉球囊扩张成形术10例次,置管溶栓后下腔静脉球囊扩张成形术5例次,下腔静脉、肝静脉及副肝静脉球囊扩张成形术2例次,下腔静脉球囊扩张成形术并下腔静脉支架植入1例次。围手术期未出现肺动脉栓塞、心包填塞等并发症 。15例患者随访12~106个月,平均41.9个月,13例未出现复发症状及体征,1例肝静脉闭塞在外院行球囊扩张支架成形术,1例下腔静脉再次闭塞保守治疗。 结论：对于BCS根治术后复发患者,选择及时介入治疗安全有效,可以改善累积通畅率及预后。