我国青年螨性过敏的调查

对全国２７个行政区入学新生１５０８人、年龄１８～３０岁，男性８０２人，女性７０６人，进行螨性过敏调查。４．４４％（６７人）有不同过敏史，与螨有关的哮喘０．４％、鼻炎１．３３％、１４．１９％（２１４人）具粉尘螨皮肤挑刺试验（ＳＰＴ）反应，男女间无显著性差别，但地区上ＳＰＴ反应率出现由北向南上升的趋势；有过敏史织ＳＰＴ反应率极其显著的高于无过敏史组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。血清总ＩｇＥ（ｔＩｇＥ）的测定平均值４９．７６ＩＵ／ｍｌ（０．３２～２．７６×１０＿（２２）ＩＵ／ｍｌ），男性６４．２５ＩＵ／ｍｌ，女性３７．２２ＩＵ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；有ＳＰＴ反应人群的ｔＩｇＥ值７０．２３ＩＵ／ｍｌ，无ＳＴＰ反应人群的ｔＩｇＥ值４７．００ＩＵ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；不同ＳＰＴ反应强度组的ｔＩｇＥ值以及个同地区的青年ｔＩｇＥ值都无显著性差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。粉尘螨特异性ＩｇＥ（ｓＩｇＥ）的测定阳性者４８６人（３２．２３％）。其中８７人具有ＳＰＴ反应，阴性１０２２人中仅１２７人具有ＳＰＴ反应（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ｓＩｇＥ阳性人群的ｔＩｇＥ为８７．０６ＩＵ／ｍｌ。ｓｌｇＥ阴性人群的ｔＩｇＥ值３８．１４ＩＵ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．００１）。在ｓ     

粉尘螨免疫疗法治疗常年性变应性鼻炎的疗效观察

６５例常年性变应性鼻炎患者，分两组进行免疫治疗，甲组用粉尘螨甘油剂透皮疗法，乙组用粉尘螨注射液皮下注射。甲、乙两组在治疗前及治疗１年后分别进行症状评分和测定血清总ＩｇＥ和ＩｇＧ。结果表明：甲组有效率为７３％；乙组有效率为８３％。两组间有效率无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。甲组具有应用方便和无全身副作用等优点。     

过敏性哮喘患者鼻分泌液中分泌性IgA含量的测定

本文对２６例过敏恶性性支气管哮喘患者鼻分泌液中ＳＩｇＡ含量等进行了超速离心检测，结果表明：患者鼻分泌液中ＳＩｇＡ，ＩｇＡ，总ＩｇＡ含量均较正常人明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５，＜０．０１，＜０．０５）。ＩｇＡ对白蛋白的相对分泌系数与正常人无明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结合其它研究认为过敏性哮喘患者呈粘膜ＳＩｇＡ免疫高反应状态。     

脂质体包被粉尘螨变应原的研究

为提高Ⅰ型变态反应性疾病脱敏治疗的疗效与安全性，采用脂质体作为载体，包被粉尘螨变应原，制备为一种具有靶向性及缓释性的制剂。结果：①制备的螨脂质体经Ｇ－２５层析后得到一个洗脱峰；②电子显微镜观察形态呈圆球形，直径约０．１８～０．２８μｍ；③微孔滤膜无菌过滤，细菌培养无菌生长，且形态无明显变化；④皮肤试验提示脂质体包被后的螨变应原仍有活性，与未包被的螨粗制液相比变应原活性有下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）。本研究为变应原的剂型改革探索了一种新方法，对变应性疾病的脱敏治疗有重要意义。     

太湖德永摇蚊过敏的调查

摇蚊（Ｃｈｉｒｏｎｏｍｉｄ　ｍｉｄｇｅ）已被许多国家证实为与变态反应疾病有关的重要变应原。近年来无锡太湖水体严重污染，晚秋出现摇蚊成虫大发生，以优势种太湖德永摇蚊（Ｔｏｋｕｎａｇａｙｕｓｕｒｉｋａ　ｔａｉｈｕｅｎｓｉｓ　Ｗｅｎ　ｅｔ　ａｌ．，１９４９）成虫浸液（Ｔｏｋ．ｔ．）对无锡太湖湖滨区１３８名哮喘患者和１４４名正常人群进行皮肤点刺试验（ＳＰＴ），４４．２％的哮喘患者和１５．２％的正常人出现阳性，两组人群的阳性率具显著差别（Ｐ＜０．０００１），对性别和年龄分布的统计学检验表明，摇蚊皮试反应在男女间无显著性差异；哮喘患者中，２０～３９岁年龄组的皮试反应性明显高于未满２０岁年龄组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。采用配对调查放射变应原吸附试验（ＲＡＳＴ）检测过敏性哮喘患者ＳＰＴ阳性者和阴性者各２０例以及２０名正常人的Ｔｏｋ．ｔ．特异性ＩｇＥ，表明ＳＰＴ阳性哮喘患者的Ｔｏｋ．ｔ．特异性ＩｇＥ明显高于阴性者，也高于正常人ＳＰＴ阴性者。ＲＡＳＴ与ＳＰＴ反应符合率达７５％，两者具有意义的相关（Ｐ＜０．００５）。上述调查证实在我国也存在摇蚊过敏的变态反应疾病，太湖德永摇蚊可能是太湖沿岸重要的变应原之一，与特异性ＩｇＥ介导的速发型变态     

轮状病毒肠炎患儿免疫球蛋白和T细胞亚群的动态变化及其临床意义

目的研究轮状病毒肠炎（ＲＶＥ）患儿血清中免疫球蛋白（Ｉｇ）和Ｔ细胞亚群的动态变化及其临床意义。方法采用透射比浊法和抗体致敏红细胞花环试验检测了３８例生长发育正常的ＲＶＥ患儿血清Ｉｇ和Ｔ细胞亚群。结果急性期血清ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ、ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值明显低于对照组及恢复期（Ｐ＜０．０１），尤其是ＩｇＡ、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值较对照组降低更为明显（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＣＤ８明显高于对照组及恢复期（Ｐ＜０．０１）。随着临床症状逐渐消失，恢复期ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ、ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４及ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值升高，ＣＤ降低并逐渐恢复正常，与对照组之间比较无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论细胞免疫和体液免疫功能参与了ＲＶ的感染过程，ＩｇＡ、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值与疾病的预后有关     

小儿支气管哮喘发作期体液免疫改变

本文对３３例支气管哮喘发作期患儿进行了免疫球蛋白Ｅ、Ｇ、Ａ、Ｍ以及ＩｇＧ亚类的测定，设健康儿童对照组进行比较，结果表明：哮喘组ＩｇＥ平均值为７４７．３１ＩＵ／ｍｌ，对照组平均值为１０１．３４ＩＵ／ｍｌ，即哮喘患儿ＩｇＥ值明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。哮喘组ＩｇＧ亚类Ｇ１、Ｇ４分别为３．５３±１．４９、０．３３±０．１２，而对照组分别为４．９２±０．８３、０．２８±０．０８，两组之间有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）、（Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ｇ２、Ｇ３与对照组之间差异不显著。哮喘组ＩｇＧ值明显低于正常组，ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ值属正常范围。结果提示，小儿支气管哮喘发作期的体液免疫功能是紊乱的。     

放疗后肿瘤患者机体免疫功能改变初探

本文报告了我院食管癌、鼻咽癌、肺癌、宫颈癌１７１例患者放疗后免疫功能的变化。观察指标有ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ；Ｔ细胞亚群（ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８百分比和ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８值）；淋巴细胞转化率。发现放疗后除鼻咽癌ＩｇＡ有明显降低外（Ｐ＜０．０５），其余被测Ｉｇ均无明显降低。淋巴细胞转化率较放疗前明显下降（Ｐ＜０．００１）。总Ｔ细胞百分比无明显降低，ＣＤ４Ｔ细胞明显下降，ＣＤ８Ｔ细胞明显升高。ＣＤ／ＣＤ８值除宫颈癌Ｐ＞０．０５外，其余各组均有明显下降（Ｐ＜０．００１）；放疗后８月，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８值仍低于放疗前。     

住院治疗男性冠心病患者血液流变性变化的特点

２８例男性住院治疗冠心病（ＣＨＤ）患者，接受１０～４０天流变药物的治疗，虽然患者比积明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而血浆粘度明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），但患者表观全血粘度及红细胞聚集指数与对照组无显著区别。若采用固定比积（０．５０）的红细胞ＰＢＳ，悬液，患者血样的表观粘度则明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或＜０．０１）；红细胞聚集指数也明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果表明，红细胞变形性明显减弱和聚集性显著升高是住院男性冠心病患者血液流变性异常的主要特点，并提示，改善红细胞流变性异常和降低血浆粘度对冠心病患者可能是一种有益的治疗措施。     

冠心病患者心理干预的对照研究

本文对４６例冠心病患者进行药物和系统心理干预治疗（观察组），并与４２例单纯药物治疗作对照。结果发现治疗前后观察组较对照组Ａ型行为得分改善（Ｐ＜０．０５），心绞痛症状缓解（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＥＣＧＳＴ－Ｔ好转（Ｐ＜０．０５），血ＴＣ下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），血Ｅ及ＮＥ降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

粉尘螨抗细菌活性物质的分离与鉴定

目的从粉尘螨丙酮提取液中分离抗细菌活性成分,并对其抗菌活性进行初步鉴定。方法用丙酮抽提粉尘螨,并用Sephadex G50分子筛层析进行对粉尘螨提取液中的抗细菌活性进行初步分离、纯化。对各组分的抗细菌活性进行初步鉴定。结果经Sephadex G50分子筛层析分离得到Ⅰ及Ⅱ两个峰。粉尘螨丙酮粗提物对绿脓假单胞菌无抑制作用,但对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及短小芽孢杆菌均有抑制作用。峰Ⅰ及峰Ⅱ则对大肠埃希杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌都有抑制作用。粉尘螨粗提液及第二个峰在加热及蛋白酶K处理后仍然保留抗细菌活性,但是第一个峰在同样处理后失去了抗菌活性。结论首次从粉尘螨分离纯化得到抗细菌成分。     

Mite and Booklouse Fauna From Vacuumed Dust Samples From Beijing

A significant-source of allergens come from house dust that contain particles derived from arthropods, molds, and pet dander. This study evaluated mite and booklouse fauna from vacuumed dust samples in Beijing China (a temperate zone). Our survey was carried out in Beijing in the homes of mite allergic patients who visited our Allergy Department. In total, 38 homes were selected for the collection of dust samples by vacuuming, from December 2008 to January 2010. The flotation method was used to isolate mites from house dust. Permanent slides were prepared for mite specimens and mites were identified and counted under a microscope. In total, 1,798 separate mite and insect specimens were found in 345 dust samples taken from 38 homes. A total of 95 individual Dermatophagoides (D) siboney were detected in 35 dust samples from 19 homes (representing 5.3% of all mite and insect species found in house dust); in addition, this mite was found to co-exist with D. farinae (Hughes, 1961) in 33 dust samples. Our results demonstrated the presence D. siboney that co-existed with D. farinae in house dust in Beijing China (a temperate zone).     

Measurement of IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies against mite Sephadex fractions and purified allergens by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Mite antigens (Dermatophagoides farinae) were fractionated by a Sephadex G-200 column and their reactivities with IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies were investigated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). High IgE antibody values were observed in fractions with low molecular weight (allergenic part), while high IgG1 and IgG4 antibody values were observed in fractions with high molecular weight. High IgG4 antibody values to crude mite extract and fractions with high molecular weight were detected in individuals who had received immunotherapy. However, IgG4 antibodies directed to allergenic part were found in only one out of 12 sera tested. IgG4-ELISA using DF1 (major allergen of Dermatophagoides farinae) as antigen was also performed. In the group treated with mite, significant IgG4 antibody levels were detected in only one out of 13 sera tested. In the group treated with house dust, significant IgG4 antibodies were detected in only one out of 12 sera tested. Patients who showed high IgG4 antibody responses to crude mite extract and to high molecular weight did not show responses to allergenic part and DF1. The only case who showed positive IgG4 responses to allergenic part also reacted with DF1. Those results suggest that IgG1 and IgG4 antibody values in ELISA using crude mite extract as antigen do not reflect major allergen-specific antibody values. The importance of the use of partially purified antigens in measuring major allergen-specific IgG4 antibodies was also suggested.     

Purification and Characterization of a Major Allergen from the House Dust Mite Dermatophagoides farinae

A major allergen from an extract of the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae, was shown to be extremely heterogenic with respect to charge. A slightly basic component of this allergen with a pI of 8, was purified by isoelectric focusing in two steps. The purified component, denoted antigen 19/20 IIa, seemed to be representative for the allergenic activity of the major allergen. The amino acid analysis suggested that antigen 19/20 IIa had a molecular weight of 9400 and contained one residue of galactosamine. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis did indicate a somewhat higher molecular weight of 14,500. Antibodies against the purified component cross-reacted with a crude extract of the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.     

Sequence analysis and expression of a cDNA clone encoding a 98-kDa allergen in Dermatophagoides farinae

BACKGROUND: The important dust mite allergens identified to date are of molecular weights ranging from 14 to 60 kDa. Our previous protein study indicated that the 98-kDa native paramyosin in Dermatophagoides farinae mite showed IgE reactivity with 82% of the mite-sensitive asthmatic patients suggesting that it is a novel major mite allergen. This study described the isolation and characterization of the cDNA clone encoding the 98-kDa mite allergen. METHODS: A Dermatophagoides farinae cDNA library was constructed in lambda ZAPII vector and the library was immunoscreened with a monoclonal antibody 642. The cDNA insert was sub-cloned into M13 sequencing vector for single-stranded sequencing. The whole cDNA insert was expressed in pGEX-2T Escherichia coli expression system as a fusion protein with GST. The allergenicity of the recombinant peptides was tested by skin tests and IgE immunoassay. The IgE and IgG immunoassays were performed with sera from 20 mite-allergic patients. RESULTS: The cDNA clone Df642 was 2134 bp long, coding for a polypeptide of 711 amino acid residues. Protein sequence analysis and alignment confirmed that the deduced polypeptide is a mite paramyosin which is truncated slightly at the N- and C-terminuses. In vivo skin tests and in vitro IgE-binding study showed that 62% (13/21) and 50% (10/20) of the mite-sensitive asthmatic patients reacted positively with the recombinant Dermatophagoides farinae paramyosin, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study indicated that 98-kDa mite paramyosin is an important allergen.     

Identification of neryl formate as the airborne aggregation pheromone for the American house dust mite and the European house dust mite (Acari: Epidermoptidae)

The American house dust mite, Dermatophagoidesfarinae Hughes, and European house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Trouessart, are major pests of medical importance throughout the developed world, causing atopic diseases such as asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the behavioral responses of house dust mites toward volatiles from food sources could be assessed using a Y-tube olfactometer assay. The current study used this Y-tube assay to investigate house dust mite pheromones. A hexane extract of D.farinae, along with fractions of the extract prepared by microscale liquid chromatography over Florisil, were tested for behavioral activity. One of the chromatographic fractions was shown to be significantly attractive (P < 0.05) for D. farinae, compared with a solvent control. Coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of this behaviorally active fraction indicated that neryl or geranyl formate was the major component. Peak enhancement by gas chromatography, using authentic samples of the neryl and geranyl isomers prepared in high purity by chemical synthesis, confirmed the identity of the major peak as neryl formate. In Y-tube assays, male and female D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus both were significantly attracted to synthetic neryl formate at doses of 100 and 10 ng, respectively (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found for D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus when synthetic neryl formate and house dust mite extracts containing natural neryl formate were tested at the same level. Dynamic headspace collection of D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus colonies showed that neryl formate was released as a volatile organic compound by both species. Our study shows that neryl formate is an aggregation pheromone for D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus, and has the potential to be used as part of a novel lure-and-kill system for house dust mite control.     

Antigens Common to Scabies and House Dust Mites

Twenty-five antigens were demonstrated in a crude Dermatophagoides farinae (DF) extract by means of crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), using a rabbit anti-DF serum. With the same antiserum, four antigens were demonstrated in a scabies mite preparation, indicating an immunological relationship between these scabies antigens and some of the DF antigens. In tandem CIE experiments the DF antigens were found to be partly identical to three of the scabies antigens. No IgE activity against any of these scabies antigens was evident in pooled sera from patients with house dust mite allergy by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis. However, one such patient had IgE antibodies to a DF antigen and a partial identical scabies antigen.     

Strong delayed-type hypersensitivity induced against house dust mite antigens in the mice

The aim of this study was to assess the antigenicity of house dust mite antigens using delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in mice. The crude extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae induced strong DTH responses and was transferred with T cells. Assessment of DTH responses to the house dust revealed that substantial cross-reactivity at T-cell level was observed between these two mite extracts. Almost all the fractions of the extract of D. pteronyssinus, which has a molecular weight of between 10 and 100 kilodaltons, elicited strong DTH responses. It was found that antigenicity of the mite extract was reduced by chemical denaturation with tannic acid.     

Allergenicity and immunogenicity of house-dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) antigens treated with glutaraldehyde

Extract from house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) was treated with glutaraldehyde (GA) and examined for its allergenicity and immunogenicity. The allergenicity of glutaraldehyde-treated mite extract (GA-M) was decreased significantly when compared with untreated mite extract (UN-M) by skin test in mite allergic individuals. Immunogenicity of GA-M was at least similar with that of UN-M, when examined by formation of antibodies to UN-M in guinea pigs. Fractionations of GA-M and UN-M revealed that polymerization occurred and proteins of higher molecular weight increased after the treatment of mite extract with GA. The results suggest potential usefulness of the polymerized mite antigens in immunotherapy.     

Dogs hypersensitive to house dust mite

Active intradermal skin reaction, respiratory resistance and respiratory patterns were examined in five dogs after intradermal injection or inhalation of house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) extract and the results obtained were as follows: 1. Three out of the five dogs exhibited positive skin reactions against house dust mite extract solution at concentrations of 0.1 micrograms/ml to 10 micrograms/ml. 2. Inhalation of mite extract at a concentration of 1 mg/ml by the dogs that had positive skin reactions produced a marked increase in respiratory resistance and changes in spirogram. These results suggest that the dogs that exhibited positive skin reactions were spontaneously sensitized to D. farinae.