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1.
目的 研究国产与进口盐酸沙格雷酯片(抗血栓药)的相对生物利用度,评价2者的生物等效性.方法 采用双周期自身交叉试验设计,单剂量口服给药.24名健康男性受试者分别单剂量口服受试制剂和参比制剂,血浆样品采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测.结果 受试制剂及参比制剂盐酸沙格雷酯片的主要药代动力学参数:Cmax分别为(710.25±305.79),(653.33±311.06)μg·L-1;tmax分别为(0.39±0.23),(0.38±0.19)h;t1/2分别为(0.72±0.10),(0.67±0.10)h;AUC0-tn分别为(473.80±216.83),(440.17±440.17)μg·h·L-1;AUC0-∞分别为(479.88±224.77),(443.79±144.70)μg·h·L-1;受试制剂盐酸沙格雷酯片的相对生物利用度F0-tn、F0-∞分别为(110.24±38.24)%,(110.64±39.07)%.结论 受试制剂和参比制剂具有生物等效性. 相似文献
2.
目的:研究枸橼酸他莫昔芬胶囊在人体的相时生物利用度和生物等效性.方法:20名健康男性受试者,采用双周期交叉、自身对照试验设计,分别单剂量口服枸橼酸他莫昔芬受试和参比制剂各40 mg,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定其血药浓度,应用DAS软件计算药动学参数和相对生物利用度,评价2种制剂的生物等效性.结果:枸橼酸他莫昔芬受试和参比制剂的主要药动学参数:t1/2分别为(53.5±14.4)h和(51.7±8.9)h;tmax分别为(3.9±0.9)h和(4.0±1.1)h;Cmax分别为(108.1±19.8)μg·L-1和(101.3±16.5)μg·L-1;AUC0-72分别为(3 073.7±439.1)μg·h·L-1和(3148.8±373.7)μg·h·L-1;AUC0-∞分别为(5 074.8±1 082.2)μg·h·L-1和(5 121.2±902.0)μg·h-1.方差分析结果表明,2种制剂的主要药动学参数之间差异无显著性.枸橼酸他莫昔芬受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(97.9±10.8)%.结论:经统计学分析,两种制刑具有生物等效性. 相似文献
3.
目的:研究盐酸氟桂利嗪分散片药代动力学及生物等效性。方法:20名健康受试者按体重指数进行分层随机交叉服用盐酸氟桂利嗪试验制剂和参比试剂20 mg,采用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸氟桂利嗪的血药浓度。结果:口服20 mg被试制剂与参比制剂后,盐酸氟桂利嗪AUC0-t分别为424.27±74.01和410.25±72.56μg·h-1·L-1;Cmax分别为67.02±14.89和67.45±15.68μg·L-1;Tmax分别为2.90±0.42和2.98±0.47 h;t1/2ke分别为9.73±3.15和8.89±3.08 h。试验制剂的相对生物利用度为(104.12±12.23)%。结论:盐酸氟桂利嗪分散片和胶囊具有生物等效性。 相似文献
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目的:研究国产西洛他唑片在人体的药动学和生物等效性.方法:20名男性健康志愿者随机交叉单剂量口服西洛他唑受试和参比制剂(Pletaal)100mg,采用反相高效液相色谱法测定其血药浓度,计算其药动学参数和相对生物利用度,评价两种制剂的生物等效性.结果:西洛他唑受试和参比制剂的主要药动学参数:t1/2分别为(11.9±4.6)h和(11.2±3.0)h,Tmax分别为(3.7±1.2)h和(4.0±1.2)h,Cmax分别为(749.2±348.7)μg·L-1和(655.2±222.1)μg·L-1,AUC0-48分别为(10 088.5±4 606.1)μg·L-1·h和(9 259.0±3 511.8)μg·L-1·h,AUC0-∞分别为(10 926.3±4 713.6)μg·L-1·h和(10 183.4±3 540.7)μg·L-1·h,西洛他唑受试制剂的相时生物利用度为(107.5±14.9)%.结论:经统计学分析,两种制剂具有生物等效性. 相似文献
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目的:进行受试制剂盐酸安非他酮缓释片与市售参比制剂盐酸安非他酮缓释片的人体生物等效性研究。方法:20例健康男性志愿者采用自身交叉给药方案,分别口服单次给予和连续多次(18例)给予2种盐酸安非他酮缓释制剂,采用HPLC-MS/MS法测定其血药浓度,计算药动学参数,并判定2种制剂的生物等效性。结果:口服单次给予受试制剂和参比制剂安非他酮缓释片的主要药动学参数为Cmax分别为(174.0±55.5),(175.1±56.2)μg.L-1,tmax分别为(2.0±0.5),(2.0±0.6)h,t1/2分别为(11.1±5.0),(11.8±8.2)h,AUC0-72分别为(952.9±423.4),(901.6±372.5)μg.h.L-1,AUC0-∞分别为(968.2±441.0),(918.8±375.8)μg.h.L-1;以AUC0-72计,单次口服受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(106.0±24.3)%。口服连续多次给予的主要药动学参数为Cmax分别为(149.1±45.1),(149.2±38.4)μg.L-1,tmax分别为(2.1±0.9),(1.8±0.3)h,t1/2分别为(12.7±4.6),(1... 相似文献
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左氧氟沙星分散片人体相对生物利用度及生物等效性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 研究国产左氧氟沙星片剂的相对生物利用度,并且评价该制剂的生物等效性.方法 20名男性健康受试者随机交叉双周期给药,分别口服单剂量左氧氟沙星试验制剂及参比制剂,采用反相高效液相色谱法测定血药浓度,计算两者的药动学参数及相对生物利用度,并评价试验制剂的生物等效性.结果 口服左氧氟沙星200 mg试验和参比制剂的主要药代力学参数,t1/2分别为(11.0±3.2)h和(9.5±2.6)h;Tmax分别为(0.90±0.46)h和(1.3±0.62)h;Cmax分别为(2.7±0.75)μg·mL-1和(2.65±0.70)μg·mL-1; AUC0~T分别为(16.6±3.0)μg·h·mL-1和(16.5±2.6)μg·h·mL-1;AUC0~∞分别为(18.2±3.9)μg·h·mL-1和(19.2±3.5)μg·h·mL-1.按实测值AUC0-T 计算,试验制剂对于参比制剂的平均相对生物利用度为(100.6±10.2)%.Cmax、AUC0-T和AUC0-∞三个药动学参数制剂间均无显著性差异(P>0.05),服药周期对Cmax,AUC0-T和AUC0-∞三个参数亦无明显影响(P>0.05),Cmax、AUC0-T和AUC0-∞三个药动学参数均存在明显的个体间差异(P<0.05).统计结果显示,AUC0-T的置信区间为100.7%~113.0%,AUC0-∞的置信区间为100.1%~112.2%,Cmax的置信区间为95.0%~115.4%,均符合等效标准;Cmax,AUC0-T和AUC0-∞三个参数的双向t检验结果同样符合等效标准;Tmax经非参检验结果合格.结论 左氧氟沙星分散片试验制剂相对参比制剂生物等效. 相似文献
7.
目的:比较两种国产重组人生长激素在健康猕猴体内的药代动力学,评价两种药物的相似性。方法:采用交叉自身比较设计,8只健康成年猕猴分别单次皮下注射受试品和参比品0.35 IU·kg-1;采用酶联免疫吸附分析法检测血清中药物浓度,统计矩方法计算各主要药代动力学参数;采用3P97软件参考生物等效性标准对参数进行评价。结果:方法的特异性、灵敏度、精密度和准确度均符合药代动力学研究要求。受试品与参比品的血药浓度-时间曲线基本一致,主要药代动力学参数AUC0~12 h分别为(512±102)和(476±71)μg·h·L-1;AUC0~∞分别为(538±115)和(494±77)μg·h·L-1;Cmax分别为(108±18)和(96±23)μg·L-1;t1/2分别为(2.8±0.7)和(2.2±0.7)h;MRT分别为(4.2±0.8)和(4.0±0.8)h;CLs/Fsc分别为(0.047±0.014)和(0.060±0.013)L·h-1·kg-1;Vd/Fsc分别为(0.194±0.04)和(0.24±0.06)L·kg-1。以AUC0~∞计算,受试品与参比品比较,相对生物利用度F为(109±15)%。受试品相对于参比品的生物等效性用AUC0~12 h,AUC0~∞和Cmax的90%可信区间评价分别为89.2%~114.3%8,7.4%~112.7%和98.5%~124.4%,均符合生物等效性判断标准。结论:受试品与参比品药代动力学参数评价结果满足生物等效接受标准;两种重组人生长激素在猕猴体内呈现相同的药代动力学特征。 相似文献
8.
目的:建立液-质联用(LC/MS/MS)法测定人血浆中帕罗西汀浓度,研究盐酸帕罗西汀片在健康人体的生物等效性。方法:20名男性健康志愿者单剂量、自身交叉口服盐酸帕罗西汀受试片剂和参比片剂各20mg。血浆加入内标地塞米松,经醋酸乙酯提取处理,采用LC/MS/MS法测定帕罗西汀血药浓度。用DAS药动学软件计算药动学参数及评价生物等效性。结果:帕罗西汀在0.05~50μg·L-1范围内线性关系良好。受试制剂和参比制剂的AUC0-t分别为(330.6±178.5),(331.5±158.2)μg·L-1.h;AUC0--∞分别为(342.3±192.0),(343.3±173.0)μg·L-1.h;Cmax分别为(19.5±7.7),(20.1±7.8)μg·L-1;tmax分别为(5.0±0.5),(5.4±1.0)h;t1/2分别为(12.9±3.4),(12.3±3.5)h。结论:建立的方法适用于帕罗西汀药动学研究,经方差分析及双单侧t检验结果显示,两种制剂生物等效。 相似文献
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目的:进行劳拉西泮片试验与参比制剂单剂口服双交叉试验,研究其生物等效性.方法:健康志愿者20名随机分两组,随机交叉自身对照,高效液相色谱法测定劳拉西泮经时血药浓度,数据经DAS程序处理,得劳拉西泮片药动学参数.结果:劳拉西泮试验制荆和参比制剂主要药动学参数t1/2分别为(19.7±2.0)h和(18.9±1.7)h,tmax分别为(2.58±0.18)h和(2.60±0.21)h,Cmax分别为(24.8±4.0)μg·L-1和(24.6±3.6)μg·L-1,AUC0-60分别为(628.2±90.7)μg·L-1·h和(636.2±62.6)μg·L-1·h,AUC0-∞分别为(718.1±84.6)μg·L-1·h和(722.9±57.9)μg·L-1·h.试验制剂劳拉西泮片相对生物利用度F为(98.7±8.8)%.试验与参比制剂AUC0-∞、AUC0-60、tmax、t1/2、Cmax方差分析、双向单侧t检验显示,主要药动学参数周期问、剂型间差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论:劳拉西泮血药浓度测定方法适用;试验制剂与参比制剂具有生物等效性. 相似文献
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目的:研究受试制剂阿奇霉素分散片与参比制剂人体相对生物利用度及药动学.方法:20名健康受试者自身交叉单剂量口服阿奇霉素分散片受试制剂和参比制剂各500 mg,定时取血,用微生物法测定血药浓度.结果:受试制剂阿奇霉素分散片与参比制剂的血药浓度-时间曲线基本一致,符合一级吸收二房室模型.受试制剂与参比制剂的主要药动学参数分别为:消除半衰期t1/2β:(36.1±7.8)h,(39.9±10.3)h;Tmx:(2.4±0.5)h,(2.4±0.5)h;Cmax:(413.0±72.5)μg·L-1,(404.0±69.5)μg·L-1.药动学参数经配对t检验,P>0.05,差异均无显著性.两种制剂的药时曲线下面积AUC0→t平均值分别为:受试制剂分散片(9 806±1 308)μg·L-1·h-1,参比制剂(9 949±1 395)μg·L-1·h-1;受试制剂分散片的相对生物利用度为:(99.0±9.0)%.结论:统计学结果表明,受试制剂阿奇霉素分散片与参比制剂生物等效. 相似文献
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《Journal of addictive diseases》2013,32(3):73-87
Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder. 相似文献
13.
The synthesis of gaultherin (1) and its analogs was carried out to provide 11 glycosides under phase-transfer catalytic conditions. The activities of all synthesized compounds were evaluated by nitric oxide production inhibitory assay in vitro. Methyl 2-O-(4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylbenzoate (5f) showed significantly anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects by the evaluation in vivo. Structure–activity relationships within these compounds were discussed. 相似文献
14.
Nestorov I 《Toxicology letters》2001,120(1-3):411-420
Two important methodological issues within the framework of the variability and uncertainty analysis of toxicokinetic and pharmacokinetic systems are discussed: (i) modelling and simulation of the existing physiologic variability in a population; and (ii) modelling and simulation of variability and uncertainty when there is insufficient or not well defined (e.g. small sample, semiquantitative, qualitative and vague) information available. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are especially suited for separating and characterising the physiologic variability from the overall variability and uncertainty in the system. Monte Carlo sampling should draw from multivariate distributions, which reflect all levels of existing dependencies in the intact organism. The population characteristics should be taken into account. A fuzzy simulation approach is proposed to model variability and uncertainty when there is semiquantitative, qualitative and vague information about the model parameters and their statistical distributions cannot be defined reliably. 相似文献
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The effects of the d and l isomers of amphetamine on self-stimulation responding were tested following acute and chronic administration. Tolerance and post-drug depression of responding occurred in tests with both isomers, indicating no role for p-hydroxynorephedrine (PHN) which is one of the metabolites of d-amphetamine. In the second experiment, d-amphetamine, methylphenidate and cocaine all produced quantitatively and qualitatively similar effects on self-stimulation responding following acute administration. Following chronic administration of d-amphetamine, animals showed tolerance to all three drugs, indicating cross-tolerance among them. These data are consistent with an hypothesis that tolerance and post-drug depression following chronic amphetamine treatment are the result of decreases in postsynaptic receptor sensitivity, which would lead to a decreased effectiveness of all three drugs, regardless of their pre-synaptic mechanisms. 相似文献
18.
Rationale Two pharmacotherapies are approved for treating alcohol craving (acamprosate and naltrexone), but both have shown mixed findings
in animals and humans.
Objectives The present experiments utilized a “reinforcer blocking” approach (i.e., rats were able to consume ethanol during treatment)
to better understand the efficacy of these treatments for ethanol seeking and drinking using ethanol-dependent and nondependent
rats.
Materials and methods In “nondependent” experiments, drugs (acamprosate 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg; naltrexone 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg) were administered
over 3-week periods prior to operant sessions with a low response requirement to gain access to reinforcers for 20 min. For
“dependent” experiments, rats were made dependent in vapor/inhalation chambers.
Results Acamprosate and naltrexone had similar effects on intake in nondependent and dependent rats; neither drug was selective for
ethanol over sucrose drinking. In nondependent animals, naltrexone was more efficacious at more doses than acamprosate, and
acamprosate’s effects were limited to a dose that also had adverse effects on body weight. Both pharmacotherapies showed more
selectivity when examining reinforcer seeking. In nondependent rats, acamprosate and naltrexone had response-attenuating effects
in ethanol, but not sucrose, groups. In dependent animals, acamprosate had selective effects limited to a decrease in sucrose
seeking. Naltrexone, however, selectively decreased ethanol-seeking in nondependent rats.
Conclusions The naltrexone-induced decreases in seeking suggested a change in incentive motivation which was selective for ethanol in
nondependent rats. The “nondependent” paradigm may model early stages of “problem drinking” in humans, and the findings suggest
that naltrexone could be a good intervention for this level of alcohol abuse and relapse prevention. 相似文献
19.
Schierholz JM Yücel N Rump AF Beuth J Pulverer G 《International journal of antimicrobial agents》2002,19(6):81-516
Catheters, urethral and ureteral stents and other urological implants are frequently affected by encrustration and infection due to their permanent contact with urine. Indwelling urinary catheters provide a haven for microorganisms and thus require extensive monitoring. Several surface modification techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of devices including the immobilization of biomolecules, the incorporation of hydrophilic grafts to reduce protein adsorption, the creation of hydrophobic surfaces, the creation of microdomains to regulate cellular and protein adhesion, new polymers and antimicrobial coatings. Physico-chemical explanation to elucidate the mechanism of such encrustation or infection inhibiting materials is still not available. Our series of experiments showed a marked decrease of silver-activity in biological fluids which corresponds with the controversial clinical results obtained with silver coated urinary catheters. Rifampicin/minocycline coated catheters had very low activity against Gram-negative rods, enterococci and Candida spp., the main causing organisms of urinary catheter infection. Surface engineered materials and antimicrobial drug delivery systems will be the next generation of sophisticated urinary catheters and stents, if both efficacy as well as efficiency has been proved clinically. 相似文献
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Max Caviezel Werner K. Lutz Urs Minini Christian Schlatter 《Archives of toxicology》1984,55(2):97-103
[6,7-3H] Estrone (E) and [6,7-3H]estradiol-17 (E2) have been synthesized by reduction of 6-dehydroestrone and 6-dehydroestradiol with tritium gas. Tritiated E and E2 were administered by oral gavage to female rats and to male and female hamsters on a dose level of about 300 g/kg (54 mCi/kg). After 8 h, the liver was excised from the rats; liver and kidneys were taken from the hamsters. DNA was purified either directly from an organ homogenate or via chromatin. The radioactivity in the DNA was expressed in the units of the Covalent Binding Index, CBI = (mol chemical bound per mol DNA-P)/(mmol chemical administered per kg b.w.). Rat liver DNA isolated via chromatin exhibited the very low values of 0.08 and 0.09 for E and E2, respectively. The respective figures in hamster liver were 0.08 and 0.11 in females and 0.21 and 0.18 in the males. DNA isolated from the kidney revealed a detectable radioactivity only in the female, with values of 0.03 and 0.05 for E and E2, respectively. The values for male hamster kidney were < 0.01 for both hormones. The minute radioactivity detectable in the DNA samples does not represent covalent binding to DNA, however, as indicated by two sets of control experiments. (A) Analysis by HPLC of the nucleosides prepared by enzyme digest of liver DNA isolated directly or via chromatin did not reveal any consistent peak which could have been attributed to a nucleoside-steroid adduct. (B) All DNA radioactivity could be due to protein contaminations, because the specific activity of chromatin protein was determined to be more than 3,000 times higher than of DNA. The high affinity of the hormone to protein was also demonstrated by in vitro incubations, where it could be shown that the specific activity of DNA and protein was essentially proportional to the concentration of radiolabelled hormone in the organ homogenate, regardless of whether the animal was treated or whether the hormone was added in vitro to the homogenate.Carcinogens acting by covalent DNA binding can be classified according to potency on the basis of the Covalent Binding Index. Values of 103–104 have been found for potent, 102 for moderate, and 1–10 for weak carcinogens. Since estrone is moderately carcinogenic for the kidney of the male hamster, a CBI of about 100 would be expected. The actually measured limit of detection of 0.01 places covalent DNA binding among the highly unlikely mechanisms of action. Similar considerations can be made for the liver where any true covalent DNA binding must be below a level of 0.01. It is concluded that an observable tumor induction by estrone or estradiol is unlikely to be due to DNA binding.Paper presented at the Satellite Symposium of the European Society of Toxicology, Rome, March 29, 1983 相似文献