Tei指数评价水肿胎儿心室功能的定量研究

目的探讨Tei指数评价水肿胎儿心室功能的可行性。方法应用多普勒超声心动图测量17名孕龄在20～39周的水肿胎儿及55名孕龄在28～40周正常对照胎儿左、右心室多普勒时间间期,获得左、右心室Tei指数,比较水肿胎儿组与正常对照组Tei指数有无差异性。结果水肿胎儿组左、右心室Tei指数与正常对照组有差异性（P〈0．01）。结论Tei指数能简便、敏感地评估胎儿心脏整体收缩、舒张功能。     

Tei指数在孕晚期巨大儿心脏功能检测中的意义

目的:利用心肌做功指数(Tei指数)监测孕晚期巨大儿的心脏功能。方法:选择具备完整产前超声检查资料并于产后证实的巨大儿40例,回顾性分析其临产前超声测量的左、右心室Tei指数,同时选取正常胎儿40例,对2组的Tei指数进行统计学分析比较。结果:巨大儿组左、右心室Tei指数均高于正常胎儿组,差异有统计学意义。结论:Tei指数在孕晚期巨大儿心脏功能检测中有较大价值。     

时间-空间相关成像技术评估中孕期胎儿心功能的初步研究

目的 评估时间-空间相关成像( STIC)技术在中孕期胎儿心功能检查中的应用.资料与方法 110例孕20～27+6周胎儿常规超声筛查心脏无异常,用STIC技术扫描获得胎儿心脏整个心动周期的容积数据,存盘后采用体器官计算机辅助分析软件(VOCAL)进行脱机分析,手动描画出心室舒张末期容积(EDV)、收缩末期容积(ESV).计算心室的每搏量(SV)、心排血量(CO)、射血分数(EF),评价SV、CO、EF与孕龄的相关性.结果 110例胎儿中,94例(85.5％)获得满意的心脏容积数据.左、右心室SV从孕20周的(0.33±0.06) ml和(0.40±0.07) ml增加至孕27+6周的(1.13±0.11) ml和(1.29±0.11) ml,左、右心室CO从孕20周的( 49.66±8.10) ml/min和(59.96±9.43) ml/min增加至孕27+6周的(163.51±17.68) ml/min和(187.57±15.98) ml/min;左、右心室SV和CO随孕龄增加而增加,与孕龄呈正相关(左心室SV及CO r=0.93,P＜0.05.右心室:SV r =0.95,P＜0.05; CO r=0.94,P＜0.05).左、右心室EF分别为(49.48±4.12)％和(51.07±4.00)％,与孕龄无明显相关性(r=0.02、0.04,P＞ 0.05).结论 STIC技术能较为准确客观地测量胎儿心室容积,评价胎儿心功能,有望成为胎儿心功能检查的一种新方法.     

脐动脉血流参数及Tei指数在预测孕晚期胎儿宫内窘迫中的价值

目的探讨孕晚期胎儿脐动脉血流参数变化与Tei指数评估胎儿心室功能在预测胎儿宫内窘迫中的价值。方法选取37～42孕周的单胎孕妇50例,用超声诊断仪对胎儿进行常规检查,彩色多普勒监测胎儿脐动脉的S/D、阻力指数、搏动指数及心脏Tei指数。胎儿娩出后立即对胎儿进行脐血血气分析并进行1 min Apgar评分。结合分娩过程中羊水污染、胎心率变异的情况、胎儿出生体重及脐动脉血气分析结果进行评估。结果 1)本组50例胎儿中正常26例,胎儿窘迫24例; 2)窘迫胎儿的脐动脉血流动力学指标(S/D、RI、PI)较正常胎儿明显增高; 3)窘迫胎儿心脏Tei指数较正常胎儿增高; 4)窘迫胎儿娩出后1min Apgar评分及血气分析结果均低于正常胎儿; 5)脐动脉S/D及RI、左右心室的Tei指数的灵敏度和特异度相对较高,其约登指数均在0.6以上,在预测胎儿是否存在宫内窘迫方面有意义。结论 Tei指数敏感、准确,不受年龄、心室几何形态、心率及孕龄的影响,可预测胎儿宫内缺氧的情况,为临床分娩时机及分娩方式提供参考价值,降低了围产儿的死亡率。     

超声心动图评价糖尿病妊娠胎儿心脏功能变化的研究

目的:应用超声心动图技术观察糖尿病妊娠胎儿心脏功能的变化。方法:测量糖尿病妊娠组与正常对照组胎儿的心脏结构与功能的各项指标,并分析其与不同孕周间的关系。结果:孕34周后两组胎儿左室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、右室短轴缩短率(RVFS)、二尖瓣E、A峰值速度比值(E/AMV)、三尖瓣E、A峰值速度比值(E/ATV)、主动脉瓣血流峰值速度(VPAO)、肺动脉瓣血流峰值速度(VPPA)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。30周后两组胎儿Tei指数、室间隔舒张末期厚度(IVSd)、左室壁厚度(LVWT)、右室壁厚度(RVWT)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:糖尿病妊娠胎儿心功能及结构变化发生于30周后,Tei指数是评价糖尿病妊娠胎儿心脏功能变化的敏感指标。     

Tei指数评价儿童三尖瓣下移畸形手术前后心功能的变化

目的:评价Tei指数估测儿童三尖瓣下移畸形手术前后心功能变化的价值。方法:38例接受三尖瓣下移畸形手术治疗的患儿,分别于手术前后应用超声心动图测量左、右心室Tei指数。另选取80名正常儿童作为对照组。结果:正常组左、右心室Tei指数分别为0.30±0.08、0.26±0.08,三尖瓣下移畸形患儿术前左、右心室Tei指数分别为0.46±0.09、0.50±0.11,均高于正常组(P<0.05),术后患者左、右心室Tei指数分别为0.36±0.06、0.33±0.06,明显降低,但尚未恢复至正常组水平(P<0.05)。结论:三尖瓣下移畸形患者术前存在心功能不全,手术可以得到改善;Tei指数可以较准确评价三尖瓣下移畸形患者的心功能变化。     

Tel指数评价儿童三尖瓣下移畸形手术前后心功能的变化

目的:评价Tei指数估测儿童三尖瓣下移畸形手术前后心功能变化的价值.方法:38例接受三尖瓣下移畸形手术治疗的患儿,分别于手术前后应用超声心动图测量左、右心室Tei指数.另选取80名正常儿童作为对照组.结果:正常组左、右心室Tei指数分别为0.30±0.08、0.26±0.08,三尖瓣下移畸形患儿术前左、右心室Tei指数分别为0.464±0.09、0.50±0.11,均高于正常组(P＜0.05),术后患者左、右心室Tel指数分别为0.36±0.06、0.334±0.06,明显降低,但尚未恢复至正常组水平(P＜0.05),结论:三尖瓣下移畸形患者术前存在心功能不全,手术可以得到改善;Tei指数可以较准确评价三尖瓣下移畸形患者的心功能变化.     

超声检测胎儿心脏生长指标与孕龄关系的临床价值

目的探讨产前超声检测胎儿心脏生长指标与孕龄之间的关系。方法选择我院行常规产前检查的孕妇178例,采用二维超声检测胎儿心脏各项生长指标,分析胎儿以上心脏检测参数范围与孕龄的关系。结果采用单因素5组方差分析显示,不同孕龄胎儿的左心房横径(LATD)、左心房纵径(LAVD)、右心房横径(RATD)、右心房纵径(RAVD)、左心室横径(LVTD)、左心室纵径(LVVD)、右心室横径(RVTD)和右心室纵径(RVVD)之间比较,均具有统计学差异P0.05);比较肺主动脉(PA)内径和动脉导管(DA)内径,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。分析VolusonE8彩色多普勒超声检测的胎儿心脏生长指标与孕龄之间的相关性,AAO、DA与孕龄无明显相关性,而LATD、LAVD、RATD、RAVD、LVTD、LVVD、RVTD、RVVD、PA与孕龄正相关。结论超声诊断胎儿心脏心房、心室、血管及动脉内径与孕龄相关,且心房、心室横纵径以及肺主动脉内径随着孕龄增加而增大。     

Tei指数评价羊水过少对胎儿影响的应用研究

目的 探讨妊娠晚期羊水过少时胎儿心肌综合指数、Tei指数的变化及临床应用价值.方法 选取200例晚期妊娠胎儿,均无脐带绕颈,其中羊水过少者120例（羊水过少组）,对照组为80例羊水量正常且无宮内窘迫者,运用频谱多普勒分别测算两组胎儿的左、右心室Tei指数.结果 羊水过少组Tei指数高于对照组,且有统计学意义,P＜0.05;有窘迫者高于无窘迫者,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.结论 Tei指数能简便有效地评估羊水过少时胎儿的心室功能变化,进而指导临床分娩时机和方式的选择.     

超声心动图对妊娠期糖尿病胎儿心脏功能的评价

目的:探讨超声心动图在评价妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)胎儿心脏构型和功能变化中的价值。方法:对31例GDM胎儿(观察组)和35例健康孕妇胎儿(对照组)进行心脏结构和功能相关指标测定,并行组间比较。结果:观察组胎儿左心室厚度、右心室舒张末期内径、右室收缩末期内径、右心室壁的厚度、室间隔收缩末期厚度、左室射血分数、左室及右室短轴缩短率测定值均大于对照组,二尖瓣、三尖瓣E峰和A峰的速度比值均小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组胎儿左室舒张、收缩末期内径及室间隔舒张末期厚度测定值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组胎儿左右心室Tei指数均明显大于对照组(P0.05)。结论:GDM胎儿心脏构型和功能多发生变化,多普勒超声是评价这种变化的有效方法。     

正常胎儿的心脏血流动力学研究

目的研究中晚孕期正常胎儿心脏二、三尖瓣血流特点,并探讨不同孕期血流特点的演变规律,为先天性心脏病的筛查提供更多依据。方法146例孕19-40W正常胎儿选为研究对象,脉冲多普勒（PWD）测量二、三尖瓣血流E峰、A峰,计算E／A值,把三尖瓣血流为单峰的分为组1,双峰的分为组2,比较两组间心率的差异。组2中把孕20～28W分为A组,28～40w分为B组,对A、B两组间及组内E峰、A峰、E／A进行比较,并对各观察指标随孕周的变化分别进行直线相关分析。结果组1的平均心率比组2高,两组间有统计学差异。A、B两组间,二尖瓣血流E峰、三尖瓣血流E峰、A峰及两组房室瓣的E／A值,B组均比A组高。二尖瓣血流A峰,A、B两组间无差异。在A、B两组组内,两组房室瓣血流A峰均高于E峰,三尖瓣血流的E峰、A峰、E／A值均高于二尖瓣。两组房室瓣的E峰、A峰及E／A值均随孕周的增加而增加,但A峰随孕周改变变化较小。结论确定正常中晚孕期胎儿二、三尖瓣血流E峰、A峰、E／A值的正常值范围,研究其在不同孕期的演变规律,可为胎儿心功能不全、先天性心脏病的筛查提供参考指标。     

胎儿手足畸形的产前超声诊断

胎儿先天性骨骼系统畸形种类繁多,受累部位涉及胎儿头颅骨、躯干骨、四肢及手足等.不是所有骨骼畸形都能被超声检查发现,特别对于胎儿手足畸形产前超声检查常易漏诊.为了提高对胎儿手足畸形的超声检出率,近3年来,我们对29例有手足畸形的胎儿引产标本及新生儿进行结果对照分析如下.     

Sonographic cerebral sulcal pattern in normal fetuses

PURPOSE: Define normal sulcation patterns and their chronological order of appearance on transabdominal ultrasound by comparing them with brain maturation references available in fetopathological studies and MRI findings. PATIENTS AND METHODS: By means of a prospective study, 158 normal fetal brains aged 21 to 34 gestational weeks have been analyzed with standardized data by transabdominal ultrasound in eleven different views using axial, coronal and sagittal orientation. RESULTS: The sequential development of cerebral sulci has been described according to the gestational age. This chronology was consistent with anatomo-pathologic references presenting a mean late period of one week and with MRI but without any late period. This study is available on the following website: CONCLUSION: This ultrasound study provides accurate landmarks and imaging features of normal fetal brain sulcation. The analysis and the knowledge of this sulcation provide better understanding of the brain cortex maturation and may be helpful in diagnosing brain diseases.     

Anatomohistological characteristics of Meckel's diverticulum in human fetuses

BACKGROUND/AIM: Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is the most frequent anomaly of the small intestine. It appears after incomplete obliteration of the omphalomesenteric or viteline duct which normaly obliterates and disappears by the 9th week of gestation. The majority of MD do not give rise to any clinical symptoms and are encounted either incidentally, at examination or intervention, or due to complications which may occur (obstruction, hemorrhagy, rupture), and are described in many clinical reports. The aim of the study was to find out the incidence of MD in fetuses when the development of the alimentary tract is already finished. METHODS: The investigation was performed on 150 human fetuses of different sex and gastational age, using microdissection method. The cases with MD were photographed, described, their positions and dimensions were registered. The samples of MD taken for histological investigation were dyed with hematoksilin eosin method. RESULTS: Meckel's diverticulum was found in five fatuses (three male and two female); in one case the fibrous band was found. All of them were located on animesenteric margine of the small intestine at the average distance of 92.5 mm from the ileocecal junction. They were of different shape and dimensions, but of the normal constitution of the small intestine. CONCLUSION: The incidence of MD was 3.3%, and 4% of all the anomalies of the intestines connected to the disappearance of the viteline duct. It was more frequent in the male, located on antimesenteric margine of the small intestine, at the destination which highly correlated to the age of the fetus. Meckel's diverticule were of different shapes and dimensions but of the typical constitution of the small intestine.     

18-三体综合征胎儿超声指标分析

目的 探讨18-三体综合征胎儿的声像特征及产前超声诊断的临床意义.方法 回顾分析经羊水穿刺或脐血穿刺胎儿染色体检查确诊为18-三体综合征的胎儿声像特征.结果 19例18-三体综合征16例有两个及以上异常声像表现.最常见异常为心脏畸形(9例),其次为手畸形(5例),再其次为脉络丛囊肿,脐膨出,Dandy-Walker综合征,唇裂,食道闭锁,小颌畸形,足内翻,膈疝,单脐动脉等.结论 中、晚孕期超声筛查是提高产前检出18-三体综合征的有效措施.     

畸形胎儿尸体高频超声解剖学的研究

目的:研究畸形胎儿尸体高频超声检查准确性与可靠性.方法:对2006年12月～2007年10月在我院行产前超声检查诊断为严重畸形或染色体检查异常并在该院引产且其父母同意尸体解剖的71例引产胎儿行产后高频超声检查,并将结果与尸体解剖对比.结果:产后超声诊断与尸体解剖的符合率为91.49%(129/141),产后超声漏误诊12处(8 51%),从不破坏尸体完整性、操作的简便性、获得结果的快捷性方面进行评估,产后超声优于尸体解剖17处(12 06%).产前超声与产后超声诊断准确率差异有统计学意义,P<0.05.产后超声较产前超声多发现畸形29处(20 57%),产后超声纠正产前超声误诊的11处(7.80%).结论:产后超声可以作为尸体检查的选择方法之一,或在胎儿尸体解剖遇到障碍时代替运用,或在尸体解剖前运用作为尸体解剖思路、步骤、方法等的指导.     

Large umbilical cord: a normal finding in some fetuses

We report two cases in which the umbilical cords of fetuses were large on prenatal ultrasound scans. The pregnancies terminated uneventfully, however, and the babies were healthy at birth and on follow-up visits. We discuss the various etiologies of a large umbilical cord and conclude that, although a large cord may suggest the presence of an underlying abnormality, in some instances it may represent a normal finding.     

Ultrafast MR imaging of the normal posterior fossa in fetuses

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to determine if a standard imaging protocol using ultrafast MR sequences could adequately reveal normal posterior fossa anatomy in fetuses and, if so, to document a template on MR imaging for normal posterior fossa development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review found 66 MR imaging studies of 63 fetuses, 16-39 weeks' gestation age (mean, 25 weeks' gestation), who were referred between June 1996 and May 1999 for evaluation of non-central nervous system anomalies revealed on prenatal sonography. All fetuses had normal brains and spines on prenatal sonography. The standard MR imaging protocol included axial, sagittal, and coronal half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE); sagittal and coronal two-dimensional fast low-angle shot (FLASH); and axial turbo T1-weighted FLASH images through the fetal brain. Structures that we analyzed were the fourth ventricle, the cisterna magna, the vermis, the cerebellar hemispheres, and the brainstem. Using the HASTE sequences, we documented gestational age-specific signal intensity changes in the cerebellar hemispheres and the brainstem. RESULTS: The posterior fossa anatomy was sufficiently well defined to exclude abnormalities of the fourth ventricle and cerebellar vermis in all cases. Because of high T2-weighting, good contrast enhancement, and good signal-to-noise ratios, HASTE images provided the best anatomic definition of the posterior fossa. CONCLUSION: Normal posterior fossa anatomy can be adequately shown on ultrafast MR images, which can be helpful when prenatal sonography is equivocal.