3种根管充填材料冠方微渗漏的体外评价

目的:评价3种根管充填材料的根管冠向封闭能力,为临床采用不同的根充材料提供理论依据.方法:55颗离体单根前牙或前磨牙自釉牙骨质界截断,随机分成A、B、C 3个实验组(每组15颗牙)和D、E 2个对照组(每组5颗牙),A、B、C组分别采用Cortisomol糊剂加牙胶尖,AH-plus糊荆加牙胶尖及Resilon-Epiphany根管树脂充填材料行冷侧压充填根管,D组为阳性对照组,E组为阴性对照组.牙齿用2%甲基蓝溶液浸泡,沿牙长轴纵向剖开标本,双盲下用游标卡尺测量色素渗入根管的长度(精确至0.02mm).结果:A、B、C3个实验组染料渗入长度分别为(2.35±0.58)mm、(1.88±0.24)mm、(1.57±0.24)mm,阳性对照组的染料渗入根管全长,阴性对照组无染料渗入.A组与B、C组间染料渗入长度差异有显著性(P＜0.01),B组与C组间染料渗入长度有差异显著性(P＜0.05).结论:Resilon-Epiphany树脂根管充填材料冠方封闭性优于AH-plus糊剂与Cortisomol糊剂.     

根管糊剂在ObturaⅡ充填技术中对根尖微渗漏的影响

目的:探讨在Obtura Ⅱ注射式热熔牙胶充填中,不同根管糊剂对根尖微渗漏的影响。方法:40颗单根管牙随机分为4组,采用Obtura Ⅱ注射式热熔牙胶进行根管充填,A、B、C组分别以ZOE、Vitapex、AHplus作为根管糊剂,D组未用糊剂。充填后行墨汁渗透实验,制作透明标本,使用体视显微镜和显微照相系统观测染料渗透的长度。结果:染料自根尖孔渗入根管的长度,D组最长,为4.56±2.72mm,与A、B、C组间差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。在使用糊剂的实验组中,染色线的长度由小到大依次是AHplus1.70±0.82mm、Vitapex1.87±0.56mm和ZOE2.02±0.40mm,但3组之间没有统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:根管糊剂的使用能显著降低Obtura Ⅱ根管充填后根尖的微渗漏。     

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目的    评价不同根管充填材料的根管封闭性能。方法    将2005—2007年黑龙江省森工总医院口腔科门诊拔除的40颗离体单根牙随机分为A、B、C、D 4个组,分别用塑化液、Vitapex糊剂、氧化锌丁香油（ZOE）糊剂加牙胶尖、氢氧化钙糊剂侧压充填根管。采用染液渗入法检查根尖孔微渗漏,在体式显微镜下用游标卡尺测量染液渗入根管的长度。结果    4个组染液渗入根管的长度分别为（2.02±0.92）mm、（0.94±0.50）mm、（3.21±0.87）mm和 （3.97±1.66）mm。除C组与D组间差异无统计学意义 （P ＞ 0.05） ,其余各组间差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论    Vitapex糊剂对根尖孔的封闭性能优于塑化液、ZOE糊剂和氢氧化钙糊剂。     

根管充填糊剂根尖封闭性的体外研究

目的：体外评价3种根管充填糊剂的根尖封闭效果。方法选取人离体下颌前磨牙68颗,截冠后随机分为A、B、C、D、E、F 6个组,其中A、B、C、D为实验组（每组12颗牙齿）,E和F分别为阳性和阴性对照组（每组各10颗牙齿）,所有样本均使用K3镍钛器械采用冠向下法完成根管预备后按如下方法进行根管充填：A、B组分别用树脂类根管充填糊剂AH Plus和生物陶瓷类根管充填糊剂iRoot SP行冷牙胶侧方加压充填;C、D组分别用生物陶瓷类根管充填糊剂iRoot SP和硅酮类根管充填糊剂Guttaflow行单尖充填;E、F组不添加糊剂只用牙胶尖侧方加压充填。将完成根管充填的实验组（每组10颗）和对照组浸入印度墨水中染色,其中4个实验组和阳性对照组在根尖孔周围2mm以外的牙体表面涂布2层指甲油,阴性对照组则在整个牙根表面涂布2层指甲油,采用透明牙法观察根尖微渗漏情况,使用imageJ软件测量并记录染色长度,并进行统计学分析;将剩余的样本横切后用扫描电镜对其截面进行观察。结果4个实验组所获得的浸墨长度分别为：A（1.02±0.46）mm, B（1.05±0.42）mm, C（1.02±0.45）mm, D（1.16±0.43）mm。4组浸墨长度之间的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。扫描电镜观察各组根管充填糊剂和根管壁牙本质之间均有缝隙。结论3种根管充填糊剂均不能完全封闭根管,在根尖封闭效果上无明显差异。     

3种根管充填糊剂对根管冠渗漏的影响

目的:评价3种根充糊剂的冠封闭性能.方法:收集新鲜拔除的单根管前磨牙34颗,随机分为AH-plus糊剂加牙胶尖侧压组、Cortisomol糊剂加牙胶尖侧压组、纳米羟基磷灰石(HAP)糊剂加牙胶尖侧压组(每组10颗牙齿)、阴性对照组和阳性对照组(每组2颗牙齿).牙齿用2%亚甲基蓝溶液浸泡,脱矿使牙齿透明,在体视显微镜下测量染料渗入根管的长度.结果:实验组染料渗入长度分别为(1.15±0.31) mm、(2.50±0.30) mm、(3.65±0.59) mm,阳性对照组染料渗入根管全长,阴性对照组无染料渗入.3组之间统计学上均有显著性差异(P<0.01).结论:AH-plus糊剂冠封闭性优于Costimol糊剂;而Costimol糊剂冠封闭性优于HAP糊剂.     

桩道预备及桩核修复对根尖封闭性的影响

目的比较即刻、延迟桩道预备及桩核修复对根尖封闭性的影响。方法选择60颗离体下颌单根管前磨牙,使用ProTaper镍钛锉和冠向下法进行根管预备。将样本分为5组,除阳性对照组外其余样本均用AH-Plus封闭剂、侧方加压法进行根管充填。A组为即刻桩道预备组,B组为延迟桩道预备组,C组为无桩道预备组,D组为阳性对照组,E组为阴性对照组。其中A、B组再各分为2个亚组,A1、B1组为桩道预备后采用暂封材料封闭,A2、B2组为桩道预备后立即行纤维桩核修复。使用印度墨水染色法测定各组牙齿的根尖微渗漏情况,体视显微镜下测量染料渗入根管内壁的长度,并行统计学分析。结果A1、A2、B1、B2、C组染料渗入长度分别为（0.52±0.47）、（0.49±0.44）、（1.17±0.77）、（1.12±0.54）、（0.23±0.40）mm,阳性对照组染料渗入根管全长,阴性对照组无染料渗入。经统计学分析,A1与A2、B1与B2组间染料渗入长度没有统计学差异（P>0.05）;但B1、B2组的染料渗入长度与A1、A2、C组间的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,B组渗入长度较长;A1、A2和C组间的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论延迟桩道预备会削弱充填材料及AH-Plus封闭剂封闭根尖的能力。     

AHPlus和EndoREZ根管充填糊剂根尖封闭性能的体外研究

目的：采用体外离体牙实验,研究根管充填糊剂EndoREZ、AHPlus的根尖封闭性能。方法：收集60颗离体前牙,用镍钛旋转器械Protaper预备根管后,依据根管充填糊剂的不同,随机分为3组,每组20颗,A、B两组为实验组,分别用EndoREZ、AHPlus作为根管充填糊剂;C组为对照组,用氧化锌丁香油糊剂（ZOE）作为根管充填糊剂,3组均采用冷牙胶侧方加压法恰充填根管。将根管充填后的全部标本置于IndiaInk染料中进行根尖微渗漏实验,用染料渗透法结合透明牙体标本制作技术,检测染料渗透线长度,评价3种糊剂的根尖封闭性能。结果：A、B、C3组均有染料渗入根尖,渗透线长度分别为（1.13±0.24）mm,（0.94±0.18）mm,（1.79±0.12）mm;A、B、C3组间的染料渗透长度有显著性差异（P（0.01）,A、B两组与对照组间差异有统计学意义（P（0.05）,A组与B组间的差异无统计学意义。结论：树脂类根管充填糊剂AHPlus、EndoREZ的根尖封闭性能均优于氧化锌丁香油糊剂。     

Obtura Ⅱ注射式热熔牙胶根尖封闭性的实验研究

目的:评价ObturaⅡ与不同根管糊剂联合根管充填的根尖封闭能力.方法:60颗单根管离体牙随机分为4组,采用ObturaⅡ注射式热熔牙胶进行根管充填,实验组分别以ZOE、Vitapex、AH Plus作为根管糊剂,对照组不使用糊剂.采用扫描电镜观察根管封闭性,染料渗透后用体视显微镜观测染料渗透长度.结果:扫描电镜观察发现热熔牙胶凝固后会发生体积收缩,糊剂能够弥补牙胶与根管壁之间的缝隙.染料渗透观察发现使用ZOE、Vitapex、AH Plus糊剂后染色线的长度分别为(2.45±0.41)mm、(1.94±0.58)mm和(1.75±0.84)mm,无统计学差异(P>0.05);对照组为(4.03±1.57)mm,其单纯牙胶充填染料渗入根管的长度最长,与实验组间均有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:ObtumⅡ充填技术配合使用根管糊剂能显著降低根尖的微渗漏,但AH Plus、Vitapex和ZOE 3种糊剂之间的根尖封闭能力无差别.     

四种根管封闭剂根尖封闭性能的体外评价

目的:评价四种根管封闭剂用于根管充填后的根尖封闭性能。方法:选取54颗单根管离体牙,采用冠向下技术根管预备后分为A、B、C、D四组(每组12颗牙齿)和E、F两个对照组(每组3颗牙齿),A组,Cortisomol根管封闭剂;B组,AH-Plus根管封闭剂;C组,自固化磷酸钙人工骨根管封闭剂;D组,Roekoseal根管封闭剂;E组为阳性对照组;F组为阴性对照组,分别采用不同根管封闭剂与冷牙胶侧方加压技术进行根管充填。将实验组牙齿(每组各取10颗)及对照组牙齿(每组各取3颗),根尖1/3浸入印度墨汁,脱矿使牙齿透明后,体视显微镜下观察并测量透明牙根尖染料渗入的长度。实验组牙齿(每组各取2颗),扫描电子显微镜下观察根充材料与根管壁之间的密合情况。结果 :A、B、C、D组染料渗入长度分别为(1.18±0.40)mm、(0.89±0.33)mm、(0.97±0.36)mm、(0.43±0.22)mm,阳性对照组染料渗入根管全长,阴性对照组无染料渗入。D组与A、B及C组的染料渗入长度间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。扫描电镜显示,D组根管充填材料与根管壁的结合最为紧密。结论:Roekoseal根管封闭剂与牙胶尖根管充填后能够有效减少根尖微渗漏,其根尖封闭性能优于Cortisomol、AH-plus以及自固化磷酸钙人工骨三种根管封闭剂。     

氧化锌丁香油酚糊剂和Vitapex充填乳牙根管的疗效比较

目的比较氧化锌丁香油酚(ZOE)糊剂和Vitapex两种乳牙根管充填材料的临床疗效及对乳牙牙根吸收的影响。方法选择牙髓炎或根尖周炎的乳牙81颗,随机分为2组,ZOE组(A组)和Vitapex组(B组)。常规根管预备后A组用ZOE糊剂根充,B组用Vitapex根充。术后2、4、6个月复诊,进行临床检查和X线片检查。结果A、B两组治疗后的临床表现、根充后根尖周阴影的变化均无显著性差异(P>0.05);但A组超充材料不易吸收,A、B两组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论ZOE糊剂和Vitapex作为乳牙根管充填材料,临床成功率相近;但ZOE糊剂存在超充后不易吸收,部分病例ZOE糊剂的吸收慢于乳牙牙根吸收。     

An evaluation of sealing ability of endodontic materials as root canal sealers

An in vitro dye leakage study was carried out to compare the apical microleakage of vitapex (calcium hydroxide based paste) when used with single gutta percha cone with that of dentalis KEZ (calcium hydroxide and zincoxide eugenol based sealer) and zincoxide-eugenol sealer when used with laterally condensed gutta percha obturation technique. One hundred single rooted human anterior teeth were instrumented and randomly divided into three experimental groups of 30 teeth each and two control groups of 5 teeth each. Teeth in the first group were obturated using a single master gutta percha cone and vitapex as root canal sealer and those of second group were obturated with laterally condensed gutta percha using dentalis KEZ as sealer. Third experimental group was filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha using zinc-oxide eugenol as sealer. Teeth were then suspended in 2% methylene blue. After this, teeth were demineralized dehydrated and cleared. Linear dye penetration was determined under stereomicroscope (x10) with calibrated eye piece. Results of this study showed that calcium hydroxide based endodontic material leaked comparatively less as compared to zinc oxide Eugenol sealer. Vitapex with single gutta-percha cone provided an adequate apical Seal against dye penetration.     

5种根管充填糊剂的根管封闭能力的比较

目的：比较5种根管充填糊剂的根管封闭能力。方法：选择75个直根管的恒牙,经开髓拔髓,Mtwo镍钛根管器械预备后反复冲洗后随机分为5组,分别采用实验组1：氧化锌丁香油糊剂,实验组2：Endomethasone根管充填糊剂,实验组3：Cortisomol根管充填糊剂,实验组4：Vitapex糊剂,实验组5：AH-plus糊剂,加牙胶尖严密充填。将所有离体牙置于37℃,100%湿度的恒温箱3d后选用透明牙染色法测量微渗漏深度。结果：实验组1：（2.35±0.768）mm,实验组2：（1.78±0.548）mm,实验组3：（1.54±0.322）mm,实验组4：（3.22±0.452）mm,实验组5：（0.98±0.536）mm。各组微渗漏深度值差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。其中实验组4的微渗漏值显著高于其他各组（P〈0.05）,实验组5的微渗漏值显著低于其他各组（P〈0.05）,实验组2的微渗漏值稍高于实验组3,结果无显著差异。结论：在Mtwo镍钛器械预备下,AH-Plus糊剂充填根管可有效的减少根管微渗漏的发生,但长远疗效有待进一步的观察。     

Apical dye penetration with four root canal sealers and gutta-percha using longitudinal sectioning.

The purpose of this study was to compare the level of apical dye penetration when different sealers were used with lateral condensation of gutta-percha. Fifty teeth with single root canals were biomechanically prepared using the step-back technique and irrigation with 15% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid with cetrimide and 1% NaOCl solutions. The teeth were divided into five groups of 10 teeth each. The control group root canals were filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha without sealer and the other four groups were filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha and either Apexit, Sealapex, Tubli-Seal, or AH-26 sealer. After storage in 100% humidity at 37 degrees C for 48 h, the root surfaces were coated with nail varnish (except at the apex), placed in 2% methylene blue dye solution, and centrifuged at 30 x g for 3 min. The roots were sectioned longitudinally to determine the following mean levels of dye penetration: AH-26, 0.48 mm; Apexit, 1.33 mm; Sealapex, 4.59 mm; Tubli-Seal, 5.58 mm; and gutta-percha alone, 7.99 mm. This study demonstrated that a root canal sealer should be used in conjunction with laterally condensed gutta-percha and that AH-26 sealer had significantly less dye penetration than the other three sealers while Apexit had significantly less dye penetration than Sealapex and Tubli-Seal. There was no significant difference between Sealapex and Tubli-Seal.     

A comparative study of the apical leakage of four root canal sealers and laterally condensed gutta-percha.

Previous studies have shown that lateral condensation of gutta-percha and sealer can provide an adequate apical seal. The purpose of this study was to compare the level of apical dye penetration when different sealers were used. One-hundred twenty-five teeth with single root canals were biomechanically prepared using the step-back technique and irrigation with EDTAC and 1% NaOCl solutions. The teeth were divided into five groups of 25 teeth each. The control group root canals were filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha and no sealer and the other four groups were filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha and either Apexit, Sealapex, Tubli-Seal, or AH26 sealer. After storage in 100% humidity at 37 degrees C for 48 h, the root surfaces were coated with nail varnish (except at the apex) and placed in 2% methylene blue dye solution and centrifuged at 3 x g for 3 min. The roots were sectioned transversely at 1-mm intervals to determine the following mean levels of dye penetrations: Apexit, 1.67 mm; Sealapex, 2.28 mm; Tubli-Seal, 1.95 mm; AH26, 0.82 mm; and gutta-percha alone, 8.37 mm. This study demonstrated that a root canal sealer should be used in conjunction with laterally condensed gutta-percha and that AH26 sealer provides a significantly better apical seal than the other sealers.     

The sealing ability of injection-moulded thermoplasticized gutta-percha

The root canals of 120 single rooted teeth were prepared with files and then divided randomly into twelve subgroups. Four operators each filled three of these subgroups, one group with laterally condensed gutta-percha, one group with thermoplasticized gutta-percha with sealer and one group with thermoplasticized gutta-percha without sealer. The fillings were assessed radiographically and a dye penetration test was used to investigate the leakage. The lowest leakage values were found in those canals filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha. The sealing ability of thermoplasticized gutta-percha was enhanced by the use of a sealer. There was greater variation between operators in those groups where thermoplasticized gutta-percha was used.     

A comparison of laterally condensed gutta-percha, thermoplasticized gutta-percha, and mineral trioxide aggregate as root canal filling materials

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of using mineral trioxide aggregate as a root canal filling material by comparing its apical sealing ability with that of laterally condensed gutta-percha with sealer and high-temperature thermoplasticized gutta-percha with sealer in extracted bovine teeth. Sixty bovine incisors with single canals were prepared in a standard manner using LightSpeed instruments, randomly divided into three groups of 20 teeth, and obturated. The sealing ability of each technique was assessed by immersion in 1% methylene blue dye for 3 days. The teeth were cleared, and the linear extent of dye penetration was measured with a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA followed by Dunn's test. Canals filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha or thermoplasticized gutta-percha showed significantly less apical dye penetration than canals obturated with mineral trioxide aggregate (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in leakage between the laterally condensed group and the thermoplasticized group. The results suggest that gutta-percha obturation may provide an apical seal that is superior to MTA.     

Sealing capacity in vitro of thermoplasticized gutta-percha with a solid core endodontic filling technique

Abstract— This study assessed the sealing capacity of two endodontic gutta-percha filling techniques. Thirty-four single-rooted fully developed teeth were endodontically accessed, instrumented and randomly divided into two experimental groups ( n =12) and two control groups ( n =5). In Group A, root canals were obturated using a solid core thermoplastic technique (Densfil), in Group B and Group C (negative control) canals were obturated with laterally condensed gutta-percha, and in Group D (positive control) canals were left un-obturated. AH-26 was used as the sealer. Two days later, the teeth were conventionally prepared for testing apical and coronal leakage, immersed in india ink for 5 days and subsequently cleared. The linear coronal and apical extent of dye penetration was measured under a light dissecting microscope. The mean apical leakage for Group A was 1.39 mm, and for Group B 2.76 mm, whereas the mean coronal leakage for Group A was 2.87 mm, and for Group B 4.03 mm. The differences between the groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05).     

Evaluation of sealing properties of 70°C thermoplasticized gutta-percha used as a retrograde root filling

The efficacy of low temperature (70 degrees C) thermoplasticized gutta-percha used to seal root canals by the retrograde approach following apicectomy was assessed. A dye leakage technique was used, and gutta-percha was compared with amalgam. Two groups of different sized roots were apicected, and their root canals instrumented and filled conventionally with laterally condensed gutta-percha. Each group was randomly divided into four sub-groups; one was the control group in which no further treatment was carried out. In the other three groups the apical 3 mm of gutta-percha was removed, and the apical cavities filled as follows: group I with 70 degrees C thermoplasticized gutta-percha with sealer; group II with 70 degrees C thermoplasticized gutta-percha without sealer; group III with amalgam. The roots were rendered transparent by acid demineralization, and maximum dye penetration was measured. The results showed statistically significant ranking of leakage between the four sub-groups: 70 degrees C thermoplasticized gutta-percha with sealer less than 70 degrees C thermoplasticized gutta-percha without sealer less than amalgam less than control. The larger canals in all four sub-groups also exhibited significantly greater leakage than the smaller ones.     

3种根充糊剂根尖封闭性能的实验研究

目的评价3种根充糊剂的根尖封闭能力。方法30颗离体单根管前牙随机分为国产根充糊剂、Vitapex糊剂和AHPlus糊剂3组,每组10颗,分别用加牙胶尖以冷侧压法充填根管,用染料渗透法和透明标本法在立体显微镜下测量根尖微渗漏。结果3组根尖微渗漏的均值分别为:国产根充糊剂组(2.555±1.129)mm,Vitapex糊剂组(1.212±0.625)mm,AH Plus糊剂组(0.919±0.427)mm,3组间差异有显著性(P<0.01),Vitapex组和AH Plus组的微渗漏无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论Vi-tapex糊剂和AH Plus糊剂的根尖封闭性能均优于国产根充糊剂。