五种灭菌器对牙科手机灭菌效果的研究

目的检测5种灭菌器对牙科手机的灭菌效果.方法用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测5种压力蒸汽灭菌器灭菌后的HBsAg人为污染的牙科手机,并对5种灭菌器灭菌后的临床污染的牙科手机进行无菌检测,同时用嗜热脂肪杆菌芽胞检测5种压力蒸汽灭菌器的灭菌效果.结果 5种灭菌器生物监测均合格,5种压力蒸汽灭菌器杀菌效果都可达100%,其中2种灭菌器灭菌的所有牙科手机HBsAg抗原性检测均为阴性,其他3种灭菌器灭菌的牙科手机各有1支HBsAg抗原性检测为阳性.结论压力蒸汽灭菌器效果可靠,乙肝病毒是否灭活,还需做其他检测.牙科手机应严格遵守灭菌保养流程,灭菌后应洁净存放.     

选择高温高压蒸汽灭菌器的注意事项

选择高温高压蒸汽灭菌器时要注意以下事项:1要有预真空功能,最佳方案是采用立体杀菌式灭菌器具备预真空功能的灭菌器(B级或S级)可以通过预真空将中空器械里的空气团排出器械内腔,确保高温高压蒸汽迅速杀灭中空器械内外部的细菌,适用于手机和三用枪管等齿科器械的灭菌。此外立体杀菌能快速且精密定量控制,大大减少灭菌对涡轮手机的损伤。     

选择高温高压蒸汽灭菌器的注意事项

选择高温高压蒸汽灭菌器时要注意以下事项： 1要有预真空功能．最佳方案是采用立体杀菌式灭菌器 具备预真空功能的灭菌器（B级或S级）可以通过预真空将中空器械里的空气团排出器械内腔，确保高温高压蒸汽迅速杀灭中空器械内外部的细菌，适用于手机和三用枪管等齿科器械的灭菌。此外立体杀菌能快速且精密定量控制，大大减少灭菌对涡轮手机的损伤。     

选择高温高压蒸汽灭菌器的注意事项

选择高温高压蒸汽灭菌器时要注意以下事项： 1要有预真空功能，最佳方案是采用立体杀菌式灭菌器 具备预真空功能的灭菌器（B级或S级）可以通过预真空将中空器械里的空气团排出器械内腔，确保高温高压蒸汽迅速杀灭中空器械内外部的细菌，适用于手机和三用枪管等齿科器械的灭菌。此外立体杀菌能快速且精密定量控制，大大减少灭菌对涡轮手机的损伤。     

选择高温高压蒸汽灭菌器的注意事项

选择高温高压蒸汽灭菌器时要注意以下事项:1要有预真空功能,最佳方案是采用立体杀菌式灭菌器具备预真空功能的灭菌器(B级或S级)可以通过预真空将中空器械里的空气团排出器械内腔,确保高温高压蒸汽迅速杀灭中空器械内外部的细菌,适用于手机和三用枪管等齿科器械的灭菌。此外立体杀菌能快速且精密定量控制,大大减少灭菌对     

选择高温高压蒸汽灭菌器的注意事项

选择高温高压蒸汽灭菌器时要注意以下事项:1要有预真空功能,最佳方案是采用立体杀菌式灭菌器具备预真空功能的灭菌器(B级或S级)可以通过预真空将中空器械里的空气团排出器械内腔,确保高温高压蒸汽迅速杀灭中空器械内外部的细菌,适用于手机和三用枪管等齿科器械的灭菌。此外立体杀菌能快速且精密定量控制,大大减少灭菌对涡轮     

选择高温高压蒸汽灭菌的注意事项

选择高温高压蒸汽灭菌器时要注意以下事项： 1 要有预真空功能的灭菌器（B级或S级）可以通过预真空将中空器械里的空气团排出器械内腔，确保高温高压蒸汽迅速杀灭中空器械内外部的细菌，适用于手机中三用枪管等齿科器械的灭菌。此外立体杀菌能快速且精密定量控制，大大减少灭菌对涡轮手机的损伤。     

选择高温高压蒸汽灭菌器的注意事项

选择高温高压蒸汽灭菌器时要注意以下事项：1要有预真空功能，最佳方案是采用立体杀菌式灭菌器 具备预真空功能的灭菌器（B级或S级）可以通过预真空将中空器械里的空气团排出器械内腔，确保高温高压蒸汽迅速杀灭中空器械内外部的细菌，适用于手机和三用枪管等齿科器械的灭菌。此外立体杀菌能快速且精密定量控制,     

5种灭菌器对牙科手机性能的影响

目的 了解5种灭菌器对牙科手机机械性能的影响情况。方法 用5种灭菌器分别对4把牙科手机进行灭菌200次，每完成10次灭菌全过程检测一遍牙科手机的夹持力和转速。结果 经200次灭菌后20支牙科手机中，1支停转，另有8支转速下降，低于30万转／分钟，但高于16万转／分钟．可满足基本使用要求。灭菌时间最短的灭菌器只明显影响一支牙科手机的转速，其他灭菌器均明显影响两支牙科手机的转速。结论 灭菌时间短对牙科手机机械性能影响小，灭菌前应做好牙科手机的清洁和润滑，以减少机械性能损耗。     

选择高温高压蒸汽灭菌器的注意事项

1要有预真空功能,最佳方案是采用立体杀菌式灭菌器:具备预真空功能的灭菌器(B级或S级)可以通过预真空,将中空器械里空气团排出器械内腔,确保高温高压蒸汽对中空器械内外部的细菌迅速杀灭,因而极其适用于对手机和三用枪管等齿科器械灭菌。而立体杀菌能快速且精密定量控制,大大减     

三种灭菌法对高速裂钻腐蚀和切削率的影响

目的:观察湿热灭菌法、干热灭菌法、化学浸泡灭菌法处理高速裂钻后其表面腐蚀情况,以及对高速裂钻切削率的影响。方法:100根新高速裂钻随机分成10组分别用3种灭菌方法处理5、10、15次,体视显微镜观察处理前后裂钻表面形态的变化,参考Siegel标准自制设备测试裂钻的垂直和侧向切削率,统计分析灭菌处理对切削率的影响。结果:3种灭菌方法中,湿热灭菌法引起的裂钻表面腐蚀最严重;干热法最轻;湿热灭菌法引起的裂钻切削率下降幅度最明显,化学浸泡法、干热法次之。灭菌次数与腐蚀程度、切削率的降低幅度成正比,处理15次后,裂钻的垂直和侧向切削率均有明显下降。结论:湿热灭菌法引起的裂钻腐蚀改变最明显、切削率降低幅度最大,化学浸泡法、干热法较轻,建议牙用高速裂钻类小器械采用玻璃珠灭菌器进行灭菌。     

Assessment of the effectiveness of dental sterilizers using biological monitors.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of steam, chemical vapor, and dry heat sterilizers, over a three-year period, in dental operatories subscribing to the University of British Columbia's sterilization monitoring service. A total of 4,579 sterilizer loads were tested. The results demonstrated an overall failure rate of 4.4 per cent. Individual failure rates for each type of sterilizer were: chemiclaves, 4.9 per cent; steam autoclaves, 2.3 per cent; and dry heat ovens, 7.9 per cent. In 38 per cent of these cases, the reasons for failure could be attributed to a definite cause.     

Evaluation of sterilization of dental handpieces by heating in synthetic compressor lubricant

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Dental Association guidelines recommend sterilization of dental handpieces after each use. Steam autoclaving is the most commonly used sterilization method. However, pressurized steam causes corrosion and partial combustion of the handpiece lubricant, leaving a sticky carbon residue on the turbine which must then be replaced after several usages. Replacement of autoclave-damaged dental handpieces represents a major expense for dentists that may be avoided through the use of less destructive sterilization techniques.     

Sterilization beneath rings on dental instruments.

This study determined the effectiveness of standard methods of instrument sterilization beneath instrument rings. Sets of three types of dental instruments were contaminated with known amounts of bacterial spores (Bacillus stearothermophilus or Bacillus subtilis). Instrument rings were placed over the contamination and the instruments processed through standard cycles in a steam autoclave, an unsaturated chemical vapor sterilizer, a standard dry heat sterilizer, an ethylene oxide gas sterilizer or a 2.0% alkaline glutaraldehyde solution. Controls consisted of spore-contaminated instruments without rings that were not processed through any sterilizing method and that were processed through each sterilizing method. All instruments and their associated rings were cultured for the presence of live spores. The results indicate that the reliability of sterilization beneath the instrument rings used is greatest if the ringed instruments are processed through a steam autoclave or an unsaturated chemical vapor sterilizer.     

环氧乙烷对牙科手机灭菌效果及机械性能影响的实验研究

目的 探讨环氧乙烷对人工污染牙科手机灭菌效果和机械性能的影响.方法 采用实验室代表菌种污染牙科手机,经环氧乙烷气体灭菌后,无菌检查法检查牙科手机的灭菌效果,用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)法检测HBsAg;牙科手机每经20次灭菌后进行机械性能检测.结果 环氧乙烷灭菌法对实验室污染的牙科手机可全部达到灭菌效果,乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)抗原性全部灭活;经200次灭菌后10支牙科手机中,2支转速下降至30万r/min以下,仍高于16万r/min的标准转速.结论 牙科手机用环氧乙烷灭菌效果可靠,并可满足机械的使用性能.     

Sterilizer monitoring: a vital component for infection control

Because instrument sterilization is such a vital component to an effective infection control program, improper sterilizer operation can result in serious consequences. Weekly biological monitoring of sterilizer function offers confidence to dentists, staff, and patients that sterilization procedures provide protection from infectious diseases.     

氢氧化钙-甘油糊剂消毒根管的疗效评价

目的 通过对氢氧化钙－甘油糊剂根管消毒的临床观察，评价此制剂的疗效及其稳定性和安全性。方法 配制5％氢氧化钙－甘油制剂消毒备用。随机选择急慢性根尖周炎患者，记录患者用药前各项临床体征。常规开髓，预备根管后拭干，放置蘸有氢氧化钙制剂的棉捻或纸捻，5－7d后复诊，记录临床体征。无阳性体征者即进行根管充填。仍有阳性体征者，重复放置氢氧化钙药捻，直至无阳性体征为止。结果 用氢氧化钙制剂消毒根管后，患者临床体征均有显著改善，一般经过1－2次封药，急性根尖周炎阳性体征消化率达89％－98％，慢性根尖周炎阳性体征消失率达94％－99％。该制剂经过1a的观察使用，未见沉淀，凝固现象。结论 氢氧化钙制剂用于根管消毒，经临床应用观察，可使急，慢性根尖周炎的临床体征显著改善和消失，疗效可靠。其应用简单，方便，无任何不良作用，是一种较理想的根管消毒剂。     

Instrumentation for placement of vitreous carbon endosseous implants.

The instruments required for placement, stabilization, and restoration of vitreous carbon endosseous implants are conventional in character and readily available. With the exception of extra-long burs for socket preparation, all instruments are normally available in dental offices. The surgery instruments should be rigorously sterilized prior to use, including the dental handpiece, burs, suction tip, etc. Gas sterilization techniques provide an effective means of sterilizing the surgical instruments without causing corrosion of burs and the handpiece.     

Biological monitoring of sterilizers and sterilization failures in Norwegian dental offices in 1985 and 1996.

It is essential that dental office sterilizers be regularly challenged with biological indicators (BIs) in order to prove that the test spores are being killed during sterilization. The aims of the study were to biologically monitor Norwegian dental office sterilizers and to identify factors contributing to sterilization failure. In 1985, participants received a packet containing: (i) 4 BI units; (ii) a set of instructions; (iii) a questionnaire concerning operation (including biological monitoring) of the office sterilizer(s), and (iv) a return-address envelope. In 1996, offices were sent (i) a survey which included demographic questions and inquiries concerning instrument sterilization processes; (ii) 2 sets of 3 BI units with instructions for their use on 2 different days; (iii) 1 control BI unit that was not to be processed, and (iv) a return-address envelope. Both private and public offices participated. Response rate to the 1996 study was 60%, which was 9.1% of all dental offices in Norway. Testing results indicated a 6.3% overall sterilization failure rate. Three out of 163 steam autoclaves (SAs) (1.8% of total) and 14 out of 109 dry heat (DH) ovens (12.8% of total) failed. DH ovens were over 7 times more likely to fail BI testing than were SAs (chi2, P < 0.01). Demographic or hygiene procedural factors could not be correlated to sterilization performance (chi2, P > 0.05). The failure rate for SAs (n = 216) in 1985 was almost 5 times greater than in 1996 (8.8% vs 1.8%). Improvement in sterilizer performance during the decade may be related to issuance in 1986 of Norway's 1st infection control guidelines for dentistry and greater awareness of infection control practices and/or to increases over the previous 10 years in the number of postgraduate courses offered in infection control. The current Norwegian guidelines on infection control practices in public health services, including dentistry, recommend regular biological monitoring of sterilizers without specifying how often. There is a lack of information among Norwegian dentists as to how frequently dental office sterilizers should be regularly monitored by BI.     

高温高压灭菌对口腔医学模型精准度影响的研究

目的：观察高温高压灭菌对常用三种模型材料制作的模型形变影响。方法：应用牙科用普通石膏、硬石膏、超硬石膏各制作口腔医学模型30个,共90个。分别测出三组模型在高温高压灭菌前后的长度与体积改变,通过统计学与率差分析,了解该方法处理后模型长度与体积的改变。结果：三组模型在灭菌前后长度与体积的改变经统计学比较,均未出现显著性差异。各组模型均未发现统计学与率差同时存在差异情况。结论：高温高压灭菌处理口腔医学模型,灭菌效果可靠,不会使模型变形,对人体与环境无害,是一种良好的使模型灭菌的方法。