东营市城乡居民IFG与糖尿病患病率及危险因素调查

目的了解山东省东营市城乡居民空腹血糖调节受损(IFG)、2型糖尿病(T2DM)的患病率及合并心血管危险因素情况。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,对东营市城市和农村40~79岁居民4 322人进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查。结果东营市40~79岁居民IFG及T2DM的患病率分别为21.15%、11.70%,男性与女性比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);随着年龄增长,总体IFG患病率及T2DM患病率增加,差异有显著性(χ2=11.21、15.41,P<0.05);城市、农村IFG患病率比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),T2DM患病率差异有显著性(χ2=14.87,P<0.01)。城市男性、女性IFG病人的吸烟比例高于农村,城市女性T2DM病人的吸烟比例高于农村女性,差异均有显著性(χ2=6.144、17.148,P<0.01);城市男性IFG肥胖比例高于农村男性,城市女性T2DM肥胖比例高于农村女性,差异均有显著性(χ2=4.158、17.497,P<0.05);农村男性、女性IFG、T2DM病人血压升高的比例及同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)升高的比例均高于城市男性、女性,差异有显著性(χ2=8.314~37.831,P<0.05)。结论东营市40~79岁居民IFG及T2DM的患病率较高,城市IFG及T2DM居民多合并吸烟、肥胖、血脂异常等心血管危险因素,而农村人群多合并高血压、高Hcy血症等心血管危险因素。     

先天性心脏病的遗传分析

本文调查了420例先天性心脏病患者,其中PDA患病率高于ASD患病率和VSD患病率。CHD中,女性患病率明显高于男性,两者差异非常显著(P<0.01)。在各型中,PDA的女性患病率高于男性,两者差异非常显著(P<0.01)。ASD和VSD男女患病率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。本文调查了205例CHD患者家系,其一级亲属患病率虽高于群体患病率,但两者差异不显著(P>0.05)。PDA一级亲属患病率明显高于群体患病率,两者差异非常显著(P<0.01)。其遗传率为:32±12.8％     

525例骶骨的测量

1.对南充地区525例成年骶骨(男325,女200进行各径线的测量,并进行统计学处理。 2.弓高、前弦长、弓长、弓高垂足点至骶岬距离,骶基矢径、骶基幅径均为男性大于女性(P<0.01);最大宽径男女性无明显差异(P>0.05);中部宽径女性大于男性(P<0.01)。 3.骶骨长宽指数、骶幅指数、骶骨纵弯曲指数均为女性大于男性(P<0.01);骶基指数男女性无明显差异(P>0.05)。 4. 狭骶型男性多于女性(P<0.01);中骶型男女性无明显差异(P>0.05); 宽骶型女性多于男性(P<0.01)。 5. 男女性弓长、男性前弦长、男性最大宽径,男性弓高,男女性弓高垂足点至骶岬距离,男女性骶基幅径均大于叶铮的报导(P<0.01),男性最大宽径为0.05>P>0.01);女性前弦长、女性最大宽径、男女性中部宽径、女性弓高、男女性骶基矢径和叶铮的报导均无明显差异(P>0.05)。 6. 骶骨长宽指数女性大于叶铮的报导(0.05>P>0.01),男性无明显差异 (P>0.05);骶幅指数、骶骨纵弯曲指数均为男性小于叶铮的报导(P<0.01),女性无明显差异(P>0.05);骶基指数男女性和叶铮的报导均无明显差异(P>0.05)。     

中国居民1987—2015年鼻咽癌死亡趋势

目的：分析中国居民1987—2015年鼻咽癌死亡的时间变化趋势。方法：利用Joinpoint模型估算各人群(城 市男性、城市女性、农村男性、农村女性)及各年龄组鼻咽癌死亡率的时间变化趋势,采用负二项回归模型分析鼻 咽癌死亡在人群水平上的危险因素。结果：中国居民鼻咽癌年龄标化死亡率呈下降趋势,城市女性、农村女性、城 市男性、农村男性中标死亡率平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)分别为–2.97%,–2.60%,–2.01%,–1.68%(P<0.05);城市居 民在85岁以上死亡率无明显下降趋势,男性AAPC为–1.54%,女性AAPC为–0.60%(P>0.05);65岁以上农村男性截缩率 无明显下降趋势(AAPC=–0.56%,P>0.05),农村女性在85岁以上死亡率无明显下降趋势(AAPC=1.17%,P>0.05);城 市居民鼻咽癌的死亡风险是农村居民的1.11倍(P<0.01),男性是女性的2.34倍(P<0.01),每增加5岁死亡风险平均增大 23%(OR=1.23,P<0.01),1987—2015年每过1年死亡风险平均减少2%(OR=0.98,P<0.01)。结论：中国居民鼻咽癌死亡 率变化呈下降趋势,并且存在明显的性别、年龄差异;中国居民在85岁以上鼻咽癌死亡率无明显下降趋势。     

健康男女青年血液的粘弹特性

作者报道了146例健康青年学生血液粘弹特性和其他多个流变参数和生化指标的测定结果。七项生化指标测定结果表明,血清球蛋白、胆固醇、血糖、纤维蛋白原男女组间无显著性差异(P>0.05),而血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、甘油三酯男子组明显高于女子组(P<0.01)。男女两组的血浆粘度η,无显著性差异(P>0.05),男性组HCT、η_(0.512)、η_(51.2)、AI、明显高于女性组(P<0.01),而女性组ESR、OD明显比男性组高(P<0.01),血液粘弹性指标η′、η″、G′和λ值男性组均高于女性组(P<0.01).作者并对男女两组间的这些差异进行了讨论。     

乌鲁木齐市部分健康体检人群脂肪肝患病状况分析

目的了解乌鲁木齐市体检人群脂肪肝(fatty liver disease,FLD)的患病状况及其相关生化指标。方法对2011年4-5月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院体检者2 540人的资料进行分析,内容包括一般情况、体格检查和生化指标,FLD依据B超诊断。结果 2 540体检者中检出FLD 1 029人,男性FLD患病率为47.19%,女性为27.60%,除50～59岁年龄组男女性患病率无明显差异外(P>0.05),年龄<60岁男性高于女性,>60岁女性高于男性(P<0.01)。维吾尔族FLD的患病率为44.32%,汉族为35.91%,在40岁之前维吾尔族脂肪肝患病率和汉族无明显差异(P>0.05),40岁后维吾尔族脂肪肝患病率高于汉族(P<0.01)。随着体重指数(BMI)的增加,FLD的患病率明显增高(P<0.01)。FLD患者合并肥胖、高血糖、单纯高甘油三酯血症、单纯高胆固醇血症、高血压和高尿酸血症的患病率高于非脂肪肝患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论乌鲁木齐市体检人群脂肪肝的患病率较高,亟需采取相关措施来防治脂肪肝。     

蚌埠市社区居民代谢综合征的患病情况及其影响因素分析

目的:通过对蚌埠市社区人群的横断面研究,掌握社区居民代谢综合征(MS)的患病现况、分布特征及影响因素.方法:采用随机整群抽样方法,抽取蚌埠市龙子湖区3个社区18岁以上的2 689名成年人作为调查对象,于2015年7-9月进行问卷调查和实验室检测,采用2004年中国糖尿病协会诊断标准确定MS病人;分析不同性别及不同年龄的MS患病率;采用logistic 回归分析该人群中年龄、性别、抽烟、饮酒、蔬菜及水果摄入情况对MS患病风险的影响.结果:该人群中有369例符合中国糖尿病协会诊断标准,MS患病率为13.72％;男性为16.24％,女性为11.89％;不论男性或女性,随着年龄的增加,MS患病率逐渐升高(P< 0.01);30～、40～及80～组段的人群中,男性MS患病率均高于女性(P<0.05～P<0.01),其他组段性别间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素分析显示,抽烟是MS的危险因素(P<0.01),蔬菜、水果摄入量增加则是MS的保护因素(P<0.01).结论:蚌埠市社区居民MS患病率与年龄有关,随年龄的增加而升高;不抽烟和摄入充足的蔬菜、水果可以降低MS患病率.     

561例体检干部脂肪肝发病相关因素调查分析

目的了解柳州市干部群体中脂肪肝的患病情况及其相关因素。方法对柳州市561名体检干部均进行身高、体重、血脂及肝脏B超的检查。结果脂肪肝的检出率为20.14%。其中男性脂肪肝检出率(22.81%)高于女性(11.02%),P<0.01;单项TG增高与TG、总胆固醇同时增高脂肪肝的患病率明显高于单项总胆固醇增高和血脂不高(P均<0.01);脂肪肝患病率随体质指数的增高而明显增高(P<0.001);各年龄组脂肪肝患病率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论肥胖、高脂血症(尤其是高甘油三酯血症)是导致脂肪肝的危险因素,因此控制体重增加和降低血脂是预防和治疗脂肪肝的关键。特别是男性个体,应定期体检和行肝、胆B超检查,一旦发现应加以防治。     

成都市城乡中老年人糖调节受损合并心血管危险因素的横断面调查研究

目的调查成都市中老年人糖调节受损(IGR)合并心血管危险因素的现状及城乡差异。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,选取2010年2—12月成都市城市和农村35～70岁中老年人群2 032名为调查对象,其中城市1 015名,农村1 017名。通过调查问卷、体格检查和实验室检查进行调查。结果 IGR患病率为32.5%(660/2 032)。男性IGR患病率为32.0%(266/830),女性为32.8%(394/1 202),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.119,P=0.730)。城市IGR患病率为32.2%(327/1 015),农村为32.7%(333/1 017),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.064,P=0.800)。城市与农村IGR人群吸烟情况不同,同时城市IGR人群较农村IGR人群高血压、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)升高、三酰甘油(TG)升高、血脂异常、超重或肥胖检出率升高,高血压前期检出率降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组饮酒情况及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)降低检出率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。城市与农村男性IGR人群吸烟、饮酒情况不同,同时城市男性IGR人群较农村男性IGR人群高血压、LDL-C升高、血脂异常、超重或肥胖检出率升高,高血压前期检出率降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组TG升高、HDL-C降低检出率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。城市与农村女性IGR人群吸烟、饮酒情况不同,同时城市女性IGR人群较农村女性IGR人群TG升高、血脂异常检出率升高,高血压、高血压前期、LDL-C升高检出率降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组HDL-C降低、超重或肥胖检出率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高血压、血脂异常、超重或肥胖是城市男性IGR人群主要合并的心血管危险因素,吸烟、饮酒、高血压前期是农村男性IGR人群主要合并的心血管危险因素;血脂异常是城市女性IGR人群主要合并的心血管危险因素,吸烟、饮酒、高血压、高血压前期是农村女性IGR人群主要合并的心血管危险因素。     

鸡西地区从业及退休人员空腹血脂水平分析

目的:通过检查健康体检者空腹血脂水平来分析本地区人群血脂水平及血脂异常患病率。方法:检测鸡西地区4972例成人忌食后空腹血胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,比较不同性别的年龄组间血脂差异和血脂异常患病率的差异。结果:总体血脂异常率61.2%,男性:73.4%,女性47.8%。男性TC平均4.91mmol/L±0.89mmol/L、HDL-C平均1.22mmol/L±0.31mmol/L、LDL-C平均3.34mmol/L±0.86mmol/L、TG中位数1.47mmol/L;女性TC平均4.73mmol/L±0.91mmol/L、TG中位数0.92mmol/L。TC、TG、LDL-C随年龄增长而增高(P<0.01):HDL-C水平随年龄增长而减低(P<0.01);TC在25岁～44岁男性高于女性(P<0.05),55岁以上女性显著高于男性(P<0.05):LDL-C在25岁～44岁间男性明显高于女性(P<0.01);TG在25岁～54岁男性明显高于女性(P<0.01),55岁以上无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:鸡西地区成人中血脂异常患病率较高,并随年龄增长而增高,男女性别问血脂异常患异有统计学意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.