化瘀通络中药对5/6肾切除大鼠纤溶系统的影响

目的 观察化瘀通络中药肾络通对5/6肾切除大鼠纤溶系统的影响.方法 46只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、苯那普利组、肾络通组.复制5/6肾切除肾衰大鼠模型,采用免疫组织化学及原位杂交方法检测各组大鼠肾组织纤溶酶原激活物组织型(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物尿激酶型(u-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物的抑制物-1(PAI-1)及PAI-1 mRNA的表达,并进行病理学检测.结果 模型组t-PA、u-PA的相对含量及ILD值均显著低于假手术组(P＜0.01),而PAI-1及PAI-1 mRNA则显著高于假手术组(P＜0.01);肾络通组、苯那普利组与模型组相比,t-PA、u-PA的相对含量及ILD值均明显升高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而PAI-1及PAI-1 mRNA则明显降低(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论 化瘀通络中药肾络通能纠正5/6肾切除大鼠纤溶系统的紊乱,延缓肾脏疾病的进程.     

纤溶系统与肝纤维化的研究进展

纤溶系统包括纤溶酶原、纤溶酶、纤溶酶原激活物(plasmingen activator,PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂(plasminogenactivator inhibitor,PAl)和α_2抗纤溶酶(α_2antiplasmin,α_2AP)等成分。既往研究认为,纤溶系统主要参与调节纤维蛋白降解;近年来研究则表明,纤溶酶(plasmin)不仅可降解多种细胞外基质成分,还能催化一些蛋白酶如基质金属蛋白酶(metallomatrix proteinases MMPs)等活化,纤溶系统的成分如尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(urkinase-type plasminigenactivator,u-PA)、u-PA受体(u-PA receptor,u-PAR)和PAI-1等,在肝纤维化及肝再生过程中起重要作用。因此,     

急性白血病并发出血患者的止凝血特点及其与预后的关系

目的：研究急性白血病(AL)并发不同程度出血患者的止凝血异常特点及其与预后的关系。方法：采用ELISA方法检测93例AL患者血浆组织因子(TF)、组织因子途径抑制物(TFPI)、凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物(TAT)、纤溶酶-抗纤溶酶复合物(PAP)、尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(u-PA)、尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(u-PAR)、D-二聚体(D-D)的含量。结果：仅有TF、TAT、D-D升高者，临床上大多表现为轻度出血；除TF、TAT、D-D显著升高外，还伴有u-PA、u-PAR、PAP高于无出血对照组者，临床上以重度出血为主。TAT、PAP、D-D对弥散性血管内凝血前期(pre—DIC)诊断的灵敏度分别为88．57％、97．14％和85．70％，特异性为69．57％、76．09％和89．13％；联合应用三个指标，其灵敏度为80．OO％，特异性为95．65％。u-PA、u-PAR持续增高者预后差，2年无复发生存率(RFS)和2年总生存率(OS)显著降低。结论：轻度出血主要由高凝、继发性纤溶亢进等引起，而原发性纤溶亢进则是重度出血最主要的原因；TAT、PAP、D-D对pre—DIC的诊断有重要意义；多项分子标志物的联合应用可提高pre—DIC的确诊率。TF对DIC的发展和进程具有预示作用。u-PA、u-PAR可作为部分AL并发出血患者的预后判断指标。     

老年人不稳定型心绞痛与稳定型心绞痛TF、tPA和PAI-1检测的临床意义

目的　观察老年人 (≥ 60岁 )不稳定型心绞痛 ( U A)和稳定型心绞痛 ( SA)患者体内组织因子 ( TF)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物( t PA)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 -1( PAI-1)的变化。方法　采用 ELISA双夹心法。结果　不稳定型心绞痛组血浆 TF水平高于稳定型心绞痛组和对照组 ,稳定型心绞痛组高于对照组。不稳定型心绞痛组与稳定型心绞痛组和对照组对比 ,血浆 t PA活性、t PA/PAI-1明显降低 ,PAI-1活性明显增高 (均为 P<0 .0 5 )。结论　冠心病患者存在凝血纤溶系统失平衡 ,可能对老年人不同类型冠心病的发生发展起重要作用。     

不稳定型心绞痛患者纤溶活性及内皮功能的变化

目的观察不稳定型心绞痛患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)、假性血友病因子(vWF)水平的变化,进一步明确纤溶活性和内皮功能在不稳定型心绞痛中的作用,并探讨其临床意义。方法选择40例不稳定型心绞痛患者和30例健康志愿者,均取早晨空腹静脉血,用发色底物法测定血浆t-PA和PAI-1的活性,用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法测其血浆中vWF的含量。结果(1)不稳定型心绞痛组的t-PA活性明显低于对照组(0.2±0.11IU/ml∶0.4±0.09IU/ml,P<0.05),而PAI-1活性则较对照组增高(0.9±0.32AU/ml∶0.53±0.30AU/ml,P<0.05),vWF含量较对照组明显增高［(565±80.5)%∶(80±55.6)%,P<0.001］;(2)PAI-1活性与vWF的含量呈正相关;(3)PAI-1活性、vWF含量均与甘油三酯水平呈正相关。结论纤溶活性降低、血管内皮受损使不稳定型心绞痛患者易发生冠状动脉痉挛及血栓形成。     

不同类型特发性间质性肺炎纤溶活性比较

目的 比较以纤维化为主的特发性肺纤维化(IPF)和以炎症表现为主的非特发性肺纤维化的特发性间质性肺炎(nIPF-IIP)患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和血浆中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(u-PA)、组织型纤维蛋白酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)的差异,探讨纤溶活性异常与特发性间质性肺炎(IIP)类型或纤维化程度的关系.方法 研究对象包括IIP患者144例,其中IPF患者102例(IPF组),nIPF-IIP患者42例(nIPF-IIP组);对照组26名.采用ELISA测定BALF和血浆中u-PA、t-PA和PAI-1含量.结果 ①IPF和nIPF-IIP患者BALF中u-PA分别为(0.20±0.01) μg/L和(0.22±0.01) μg/L,与对照组[(0.27±0.01) μg/L]比较明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).②IPF和nIPF-IIP患者血浆t-PA较对照组明显升高(P＜0.01).③IPF和nIPF-IIP患者BALF中PAI-1分别为(4.05±0.85) μg/L和(3.69±0.88) μg/L,高于对照组[(1.11±0.12) μg/L,P＜0.05或P＜0.01];血浆中PAI-1在各型IIP患者也明显升高,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 无论是以纤维化表现为主的IPF,还是以炎症表现为主的nIPF-IIP,肺脏都表现以u-PA降低和PAI-1增加为特征的纤溶活性降低和纤溶抑制活性增强;循环中主要表现以PAI 1增加为特征的纤溶抑制水平增加.这种纤溶活性降低似乎在IPF表现更明显.关于以u-PA和PAI-1为代表的纤溶系统在肺纤维化的作用机制及其与IIP类型或纤维化程度的确切关系值得进一步研究.     

62例胸腔积液患者积液中纤溶指标检测及分析

对62例胸腔积液患者积液中尿型纤维溶解酶原激活物（u—PA）、u—PA受体（u-PAR）、PA抑制物-2（PA1-2）、D-二聚体（D-D）、α2-纤维溶解酶抑制物（α2-PI）、纤维溶解酶原（Pig）水平进行测定。结果显示渗出液中各项检测指标均显著高于漏出液;恶性积液中α2-PI水平显著高于结核性积液,而u—PAR、D—D水平显著低于结核性积液,u-PA、u-PAR、α2-PI、D—D水平显著高于漏出液;结核性积液中u-PA、u-PAR、PAI-2、Pig、D-D水平显著高于漏出液。认为恶性胸腔积液与结核性胸腔积液纤溶特点不同,后者以纤溶亢进为主,而前者主要为纤溶与纤溶抑制失调;α2-PI可作为鉴别指标之一。     

运动负荷对不稳定性心绞痛患者纤溶活性影响的研究

对20例健康受试者和25例不稳定性心绞痛患者进行运动负荷前、后组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂(PAI-1)活性的测定.结果发现运动前静息时,两组t-PA活性无显著差异,而PAI-1活性不稳定性心绞痛组明显高于对照组;运动后,不稳定性心绞痛组t-PA活性显著低于对照组(0.96±0.45IU/ml对1.89±0.68IU/ml,P<0.01),PAI-1活性下降幅度小于对照组(12.0%对31.9%),使其PAI-1活性仍显著高于对照组(8.20±2.28AU/ml对4.21±0.68AU/ml,P<0.01).提示不稳定性心绞痛患者不论是静息,还是在运动负荷激发后,均存在着纤溶活性的下降.     

Staurosporine对尼古丁诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞表达t-PA与PAI-1的影响

目的 通过观察不同浓度Staurosporine (STS)对尼古丁诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs)表达组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tissue type plasminogen activator,t-PA)与1型纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,PAI-1)mRNA及蛋白的影响,探讨尼古丁所致内皮细胞纤溶紊乱的机制.方法 将体外培养的3～6代HUVECs随机分为对照组、尼古丁组及不同浓度STS组,STS组分别以20、50、100μmol/L STS预处理细胞30 min,再与100 μmol/L尼古丁孵育24 h.酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法检测细胞上清液t-PA与PAI-1蛋白含量,RT-PCR检测PAI-1 mRNA表达.结果 尼古丁组PAI-1 mRNA与蛋白表达较对照组升高(P值均＜0.05);不同浓度STS组PAI-1 mRNA与蛋白表达较尼古丁组降低(P值均＜0.05),且呈浓度依赖性,以100 μmol/L STS组作用为著,但PAI-1 mRNA与蛋白表达仍高于对照组(P值均＜0.05).各组间t-PA蛋白差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).结论 STS通过阻断蛋白激酶C通路的信号传导可部分减弱尼古丁诱导的血管内皮细胞纤溶功能紊乱.     

肝硬化患者尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物及其受体测定的临床意义

目的检测肝硬化患者血浆中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(u-PA)及其受体(u-PAR)的含量,分析代偿期和失代偿期肝硬化患者纤溶活化的变化情况。方法 ELISA法检测48例肝硬化和30名健康志愿者的血浆中u-PA及其受体的含量。结果失代偿期肝硬化患者u-PA(1362±481ng.l~(-1))及u-PAR(1037±357ng.l~(-1))均明显高于对照(P<0.05,P<0.05),且u-PA高于代偿期肝硬化患者(P<0.05)结论肝硬化患者存在明显的纤溶活性增强,并随病情的加重而增加。     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fos and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44~(MAPK) and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between P42/44~(MAPK) and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Raf/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44~(MAPK), c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fas and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Overweight and Obesity and Progression of ADPKD

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Replication and Inhibitors of Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses

The Enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus genera of the picornavirus family include many important human pathogens, including poliovirus, rhinovirus, EV-A71, EV-D68, and human parechoviruses (HPeV). They cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from a simple common cold to life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis and myocarditis. At the moment, no antiviral therapy is available against these viruses and it is not feasible to develop vaccines against all EVs and HPeVs due to the great number of serotypes. Therefore, a lot of effort is being invested in the development of antiviral drugs. Both viral proteins and host proteins essential for virus replication can be used as targets for virus inhibitors. As such, a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication is pivotal in the design of antiviral strategies goes hand in hand with a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication. In this review, we will give an overview of the current state of knowledge of EV and HPeV replication and how this can be inhibited by small-molecule inhibitors.     

心电图、心电向量图与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的:通过分析心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG)和心电向量图(Vectorcardiogram,VCG)的改变与冠脉造影（CAG）结果进行对比,探讨ECG、VCG在冠状动脉病变中的诊断价值。方法: 选择2008年1月~2009年12月临床拟诊断为冠心病患者108例,行常规ECG、VCG检查,并于1周内进行CAG,对检查结果依据各自的诊断标准进行判定,以CAG为标准诊断法,利用四格表法,计算相关评价真实性的指标并进行比较。结果: ①VCG检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度显著高于ECG(P<0.05,P<0．01)。②ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变支数组间比较:在单支病变、双支病变中,VCG阳性率明显高于ECG(P<0.05),左主干或三支病变无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变、双支病变阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01);VCG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变阳性率高(P<0.05);与双支病变阳性率比较无统计学意义;③ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变程度组间比较:冠脉病变狭窄50%～69%的VCG阳性率明显高于ECG (P<0.05),其他两组阳性率比较无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组冠脉病变狭窄≥90%较50%～69%、70%～89%的阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01); VCG组狭窄≥90%较50%～69%阳性率高（P<0.01),其他无统计学意义。结论: VCG对冠心病检测价值显著高于ECG。     

Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence

Here we report the structural characterization of the product formed from the reaction between hydroethidine (HE) and superoxide (O(2)(.-)). By using mass spectral and NMR techniques, the chemical structure of this product was determined as 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). By using an authentic standard, we developed an HPLC approach to detect and quantitate the reaction product of HE and O(2)(.-) formed in bovine aortic endothelial cells after treatment with menadione or antimycin A to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species. Concomitantly, we used a spin trap, 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO), to detect and identify the structure of reactive oxygen species formed. BMPO trapped the O(2)(.-) that formed extracellularly and was detected as the BMPO-OH adduct during use of the EPR technique. BMPO, being cell-permeable, inhibited the intracellular formation of 2-OH-E(+). However, the intracellular BMPO spin adduct was not detected. The definitive characterization of the reaction product of O(2)(.-) with HE described here forms the basis of an unambiguous assay for intracellular detection and quantitation of O(2)(.-). Analysis of the fluorescence characteristics of ethidium (E(+)) and 2-OH-E(+) strongly suggests that the currently available fluorescence methodology is not suitable for quantitating intracellular O(2)(.-). We conclude that the HPLC/fluorescence assay using HE as a probe is more suitable [corrected] for detecting intracellular O(2)(.-).     

Effects of sex and time of day on metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice

Non-invasive techniques to monitor stress hormones in small animals like mice offer several advantages and are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. Since knowledge about the species-specific metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids is essential to develop such a technique, we conducted radiometabolism studies in mice (Mus musculus f. domesticus, strain C57BL/6J). Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 740 kBq of 3H-labelled corticosterone and all voided urine and fecal samples were collected for five days. In a first experiment 16 animals (eight of each sex) received the injection at 9 a.m., while eight mice (four of each sex) were injected at 9 p.m. in a second experiment. In both experiments radioactive metabolites were recovered predominantly in the feces, although males excreted significantly higher proportions via the feces (about 73%) than females (about 53%). Peak radioactivity in the urine was detected within about 2h after injection, while in the feces peak concentrations were observed later (depending on the time of injection: about 10h postinjection in experiment 1 and about 4h postinjection in experiment 2, thus proving an effect of the time of day). The number and relative abundance of fecal [3H]corticosterone metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC separations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized mainly to more polar substances. Regarding the types of metabolites formed, significant differences were found between males and females, but not between the experiments. Additionally, the immunoreactivity of these metabolites was assessed by screening the HPLC fractions with four enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, only a newly established EIA for 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,11beta,21-triol-20-one (measuring corticosterone metabolites with a 5alpha-3beta,11beta-diol structure) detected several peaks of radioactive metabolites with high intensity in both sexes, while the other EIAs showed only minor immunoreactivity. Thus, our study for the first time provides substantial information about metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice and is the first demonstrating a significant impact of the animals' sex and the time of day. Based on these data it should be possible to monitor adrenocortical activity non-invasively in this species by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites with the newly developed EIA. Since mice are extensively used in research world-wide, this could open new perspectives in various fields from ecology to behavioral endocrinology.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养和外源基因的导入

目的探讨绿色荧光蛋白基因转染骨髓间质干细胞的可行性。方法采用F icoll-PaqueTMP lus淋巴细胞分离液,根据细胞密度梯度原理,分离大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rM SC s)并进行体外原代培养和传代扩增,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长情况,免疫细胞化学法对其初步鉴定。流式细胞仪分析转染效率。结果原代和传代培养的细胞呈现梭形外观,具有较强的生长增殖能力;细胞均一表达CD44、CD54、CD106、CD29抗原。电穿孔法转染rM SC s转染率为32.8%±3%。结论采用比重为1.077 g/L的F icoll-PaqueTMP lus能分离获得大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,经原代培养和传代培养能够迅速扩增。电穿孔法具有较高的介导外源基因表达于rM SC s的效率。