非小细胞肺癌中WWOX蛋白的表达及意义

目的 研究抑癌基因WWOX在非小细胞肺癌中的蛋白表达及临床意义.方法 应用免疫组织化学二步法检测40例非小细胞肺癌石蜡标本及21例癌旁正常肺组织中WWOX蛋白的表达.结果 ①癌旁正常肺组织中WWOX蛋白阳性表达率高于非小细胞肺癌组织(85.71％ vs 37.50％,P＜0.05),鳞癌中WWOX蛋白阳性表达率与腺癌差异无统计学意义(34.62％ vs 42.86％,P＞0.05);②男性非小细胞肺癌患者癌组织中WWOX蛋白阳性表达率低于女性非小细胞肺癌患者(25.00％ vs56.25％,P＜0.05),吸烟指数≥400的患者癌组织中WWOX蛋白阳性表达率低于吸烟指数＜400的患 者(19.05％ vs 57.89％,P＜0.05),而WWOX蛋白呈阳性表达的患者年龄与阴性表达者之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);③分化不良的非小细胞肺癌组织中WWOX蛋白阳性表达率与中等分化和分化良好者相近(P＞0.05);④Ⅰ+Ⅱ期非小细胞肺癌患者癌组织中WWOX蛋白阳性表达率与Ⅲ+Ⅳ期患者相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),转移病例的非小细胞肺癌组织中WWOX蛋白阳性表达率与无转移病例相近(P＞0.05).结论 WWOX蛋白在非小细胞肺癌组织中表达较癌旁正常肺组织降低,且与患者性别及吸烟指数密切相关,而与年龄、病理类型、组织分化程度、临床分期以及有无转移无明显关系.     

非小细胞肺癌中TFPI-2与Survivin表达关系的研究

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌中组织因子途径抑制物-2(TFPI-2)的表达与Survivin的关系,从而评价其在肺癌细胞凋亡中的作用.方法 采用免疫组化法检测TFPI-2、Survivin蛋白在75例非小细胞肺癌和20例正常肺组织中的表达水平.结果 TFPI-2在非小细胞肺癌中的表达指数为55％,低于正常的肺组织85％.Survivin在非小细胞肺癌中的阳性表达水平为71％,在正常肺组织中大表达水平为5％.TFPI-2和Survivin在非小细胞肺癌中的阳性表达水平呈现负相关(r=9.62,P＜0.05).结论 TFPI-2在正常肺组织中的表达水平明显高于非小细胞肺癌组织,其可能通过调控Survivin蛋白的表达来抑制肿瘤细胞的浸润转移.     

转录因子Sox2在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨转录因子Sox2在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法使用免疫组化(SP)检测30份非小细胞肺癌癌组织和30份距肿瘤边缘5 cm以上癌旁正常组织的Sox2的变化情况,同时分析其与临床病理特征的关系。结果 (1)免疫组化发现Sox2在癌组织的阳性表达率为70%,远高于癌旁正常组织的阳性表达率9.8%(P0.05)。(2)Sox2蛋白在不同分化程度的肺癌组织中阳性表达率有统计学差异(P0.05),随着分化程度的逐渐升高Sox2的阳性率逐渐上调。在无淋巴结转移样本的阳性率表达具有统计学差异(P0.05),存在淋巴结转移的患者Sox2水平较高;在鳞癌中的阳性率明显高于腺癌,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)(3)Sox2的表达水平与年龄、性别无明显相关。结论非小细胞肺癌上调Sox2的表达,其与组织分化程度、淋巴结转移关系密切,可将改变Sox2的表达水平作为治疗非小细胞肺癌的靶方向。     

EGFR、ALK和Ki-67在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及相关性分析

目的探讨EGFR、ALK和Ki-67在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及相关性。方法选取2010年1月-2015年1月期间我院收治的100例非小细胞肺癌患者,考察EGFR、ALK和Ki-67在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达情况,并对患者的临床病理资料进行统计分析,探讨EGFR、ALK和Ki-67在非小细胞肺癌中表达相关性分析。结果 EGFR、ALK和Ki-67在非小细胞肺癌表达阳性率(65.0%,14.0%,87.0%)均显著高于癌旁组织(3.0%,0%,0%)(P0.05);EGFR蛋白在女性、有淋巴结转移患者中的阳性率显著高于男性、无淋巴结转移患者(P0.05),ALK蛋白在无吸烟史、鳞癌、低分化组患者中的阳性率显著高于有吸烟史、腺癌、高-中分化组患者(P0.05),Ki-67蛋白在低分化组、有淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小≥5cm的患者中阳性率显著高于高-中分化组、无淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小5cm患者(P0.05);在非小细胞肺癌中,Spearman相关性分析显示EGFR和ALK表达呈负相关(r=-0.165,P=0.006),EGFR和Ki-67表达呈正相关(r=0.361,P=0.013),ALK和Ki-67表达无相关性(r=0.097,P=0.242)。结论 EGFR、ALK和Ki-67在非小细胞肺癌中均呈高表达,EGFR、ALK和Ki-67表达有相关性,可能在非小细胞肺癌发生发展过程中相互作用,值得进一步深入研究。     

凋亡相关基因caspase-3在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨半胱氨酸蛋白酶(caspase-3)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的表达及临床意义。方法 NSCLC患者60例。用免疫组化法(S-P法)检测caspase-3在肺癌组织及正常肺组织中的表达。采用TUNEL法检测凋亡细胞。结果有淋巴结转移者caspase-3表达阳性率较无淋巴结转移者低(χ2=21.728,P=0.000)。TNM分期Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期caspase-3表达阳性率要高于Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期阳性率(χ2=12.50,P=0.000)。caspase-3与凋亡指数成正相关(r=0.834,P=0.000)。caspase-3表达与年龄、性别、病理分型、分化程度、胸腔积液、肿瘤直径、吸烟、肿瘤生长部位无明显关系(P>0.05)。结论 caspase-3表达提示NSCLC的淋巴结转移,并有益于临床分期;caspase-3与细胞凋亡密切相关。     

TARBP1在非小细胞肺癌患者肿瘤组织中的表达及与生存预后的关系

目的探究TARBP1在非小细胞肺癌患者肿瘤组织中的表达及与生存预后的关系。方法选择我院2013年2月至2015年4月诊治的103例非小细胞肺癌患者作为研究对象,观察其手术后病理组织中TARBP1蛋白表达情况,探究TARBP1蛋白表达与非小细胞肺癌患者临床病理资料的关系。检测非小细胞肺癌组织及癌旁组织中TARBP1 mRNA表达量,探究TARBP1 mRNA在非小细胞肺癌患者3年预后诊断中的价值。分析非小细胞肺癌患者3年生存预后的独立影响因素。结果 TARBP1在非小细胞肺癌组织中阳性表达78例,占比75. 73%; TARBP1在癌旁组织中阳性表达23例,占比22. 33%,两组差异有统计学意义(P 0. 001)。TARBP1表达与非小细胞肺癌患者年龄、性别、肿瘤直径无关(P 0. 05),与TNM分期、组织分化程度、病理类型和淋巴结转移有关(P 0. 05)。TARBP1 mRNA在非小细胞肺癌组织中的相对表达量与TARBP1 mRNA在癌旁组织中的相对表达量比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 001)。非小细胞肺癌术后3年生存患者与死亡患者接受根治术治疗时,非小细胞肺癌组织中TARBP1 mRNA表达量比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 001)。TARBP1 mRNA诊断非小细胞肺癌患者3年生存期的AUC为0. 891(95%CI:0. 723～0. 975),价值较高,可辅助评估非小细胞肺癌患者生存预后。单因素分析结果显示TNM分期、组织分化程度、肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移和TARBP1表达与非小细胞肺癌患者生存预后有关。多因素分析结果表明TNM分期及组织分化程度越高、肿瘤直径≥5 cm、淋巴结转移及TARBP1阳性表达,提示非小细胞肺癌患者预后较差。结论检测非小细胞肺癌组织中TARBP1蛋白表达有助于患者预后评估。     

非小细胞肺癌中LOC146880的表达水平及其临床意义

目的探讨LOC146880在非小细胞中的表达水平及其临床意义。方法收集本院非小细胞肺癌组织标本48例,相应的癌旁组织标本48例,通过问卷调查及收集临床资料,分析患者性别、年龄、肺部疾病史、家族史、吸烟情况、肺癌病理类型、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移情况、远处转移情况、肿瘤分期等与LOC146880在非小细胞肺癌中表达的相关性,对比LOC146880在非小细胞肺癌组织与癌旁组织中的表达。RT-PCR法检测肺癌组织及癌旁组织中的LOC146880基因表达。结果患者性别、年龄、肺部疾病史、家族史、肺癌病理类型、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移情况、远处转移情况、肿瘤分期等对LOC146880的表达无显著影响(P0.05)。吸烟组的LOC146880表达量明显高于不吸烟组,(P0.05); LOC146880在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达量为(6.045±0.519),在癌旁组织中的表达量为(4.191±0.295),两者比较差异有统计学意义,(P0.05)。结论吸烟可以引起LOC146880高表达;LOC146880在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达量明显高于癌旁组织。LOC146880有望成为非小细胞肺癌新型诊断标志物和肿瘤治疗的靶点。     

CD166在非小细胞肺癌转移淋巴结中的表达及意义

目的 研究CD166在非小细胞肺癌转移淋巴结中的表达,并探讨其临床意义.方法 采用免疫组化法检测CD166在非小细胞肺癌转移淋巴结及未转移淋巴结的表达,分析其与临床及病理各参数的相关性.结果 在肺癌转移淋巴结中CD166蛋白表达的阳性率为81.25％,未转移淋巴结中无CD166表达.其在转移淋巴结中的表达率在不同性别和年龄患者之间无统计学差异,但是与原发肿瘤分化程度有一定的相关性(P＜0.05).结论 CD166的表达可能与非小细胞肺癌淋巴结转移及肿瘤分化程度有关.     

DCLK1和A20在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨肿瘤相关因子双肾上腺样激酶1(DCLK1)和肿瘤坏死因子α诱导蛋白3(A20)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达情况及临床意义。方法用免疫组织化学方法检测DCLK1和A20在61例肺癌和22例癌旁肺组织中的表达。结果 (1)非小细胞肺癌原发灶组织和癌旁肺组织中A20的表达阳性率分别为59.0%(36/61)和18.2%(4/22),两组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);非小细胞肺癌原发灶组织和癌旁肺组织中DCLK1表达阳性率分别为21.3%(13/61)和27.3%(6/22),两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)A20蛋白阳性水平与淋巴结转移显著相关(P0.05),与NSCLC病理组织类型、肿瘤组织分化程度无相关性(P0.05)。DCLK1蛋白阳性水平与肿瘤组织分化程度、临床分期及淋巴结转移均无相关性(P0.05)。结论 A20在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达明显高于癌旁组织,其表达情况与淋巴结转移相关,可能参与了非小细胞肺癌的发生和发展,DCLK1与非小细胞肺癌的进展无明显关系。     

细胞周期蛋白D1在老年肺癌组织中表达的实验研究

目的：探讨细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1）与肺癌的关系。方法：利用免疫组化（SP）法检测108例老年肺癌石蜡包埋组织中cyclin D1的表达,结果：cyclin D1只在肺癌组织中表达,阳性率为48．15％（52／108）,在非小细胞肺癌中表达阳性率为53．26％（49／92）,在小细胞肺癌中的表达率为18．75％（3／16）,cyclin D1的表达与肺癌组织的分化程度,呈正相关（P＜0．05）,与鳞癌的淋巴结转移呈负相关;与吸烟无相关性（P＞0．05）,结论：cyclin D1主要在非小细胞肺癌中呈过过表达状态,促进肿瘤细胞分化,参与鳞癌的淋巴结转移。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.