rRNA扩增方法对结核分枝杆菌临床诊断作用的评估

目的 评价rRNA扩增方法 在临床应用的效果。 方法 选取到北京胸科医院、山东省胸科医院、河南疾控中心结核病防治所3个机构就诊的肺结核可疑症状者及健康志愿者的痰标本为研究对象,共纳入551例痰标本,对每例痰标本均进行涂片显微镜检查、罗氏培养、rRNA扩增试验以及实时荧光定量PCR。与罗氏培养方法 比较分析rRNA扩增方法 的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值以及与实时荧光定量PCR扩增方法 的一致性。 结果rRNA扩增方法 的敏感性为98.5%,特异性为95.0%,阳性预测值为95.0%,阴性预测值为98.5%,rRNA扩增方法 在涂阳标本和涂阴标本间的敏感度和特异度差异均有统计学意义（χ²=9.60,P=0.002;χ²=79.80,P<0.01）。与PCR检测结果的一致性为93.8%,涂阳和涂阴标本中2种方法 的一致性差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.45,P=0.035）。 结论 rRNA扩增方法 的敏感度和特异度均较好,且能明显缩短诊断时间,该方法 是一种较有前景的结核病实验室诊断方法 。     

探讨荧光定量PCR在结核菌检测中的应用

目的探讨荧光定量PCR技术在检测临床标本中结核分枝杆菌的应用价值。方法通过荧光定量PCR技术鉴定350株临床分离株，进行结核分枝杆菌的菌种鉴定和定量分析，同时进行抗酸染色和培养法。结果荧光定量PCR、染色和培养法阳性检出率分别为38．8％（128／330），21．8％（72／330），29．7％（98／330），提高阳性检出率（涂阴）16．97％（56／330），菌种鉴定特异性实验符合率为100％。结论荧光定量PCR技术是一种快速、敏感、特异性强的结核分枝杆菌辅助诊断方法。     

荧光定量PCR技术在肺结核诊断中的临床应用研究

目的评价荧光定量PCR技术在肺结核病诊断中的应用价值。方法采用荧光定量PCR、金胺O染色荧光镜检和培养法同时检测860例肺结核患者的痰标本,对检测结果进行比较。结果荧光定量PCR检测灵敏度可达10~100 cfu/ml,重复性好,对其他呼吸道病原体检测结果均为阴性。肺结核患者痰标本荧光定量PCR检测阳性率要高于金胺O染色荧光镜检和培养法的阳性率,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论应用荧光定量PCR方法检测结核杆菌,具有特异、灵敏、简便、快速的特点,可作为结核病诊断的方法之一。     

荧光定量PCR在肺结核临床诊断及疗效评估中的应用

目的 建立荧光定量PCR检测结核分枝杆菌方法,评估其在肺结核的临床诊断和疗效评估中的应用价值.方法 针对结核分枝杆菌保守序列IS6110基因设计引物和探针,建立荧光定量PCR方法.分别以荧光定量PCR、集菌培养和染色镜检法检测疑似肺结核和确诊肺结核患者随访的痰标本,比较各方法在结核病诊断以及治疗效果评估中的作用.结果 荧光定量PCR的检测灵敏度为4 Copies/反应,远高于抗酸染色法和集菌培养法.荧光定量PCR法与集菌培养法和抗酸染色法对临床样本的检出率分别为64.29％、35.12％和12.5％.患者治疗效果的随访检测结果显示,结核分枝杆菌的数量呈持续减少的趋势.结论 荧光定量PCR方法具有快速、敏感和特异性高的特点,可以快速、及时获取肺结核患者服药后的治疗效果,为医生的后续督导治疗提供依据,具有重要的临床意义.     

巢式实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测结核分枝杆菌DNA的临床应用

目的探讨巢式实时荧光定量PCR（QNRT-PCR）检测结核分枝杆菌（MTB）DNA的临床价值。方法应用SYBR Green I建立检测结核分枝杆菌MTP64基因的QNRT—PCR方法,分别检测24份肺结核患者痰液,27份结核性胸膜炎患者胸水,以及对照组75份痰液和胸水的MTBDNA含量。结果以培养为金标准,QNRT—PCR敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值（PPV）、阴性预测值（NPV）分别为95．83％、61．54％、69．70％和94．12％,结核性胸膜炎的阳性率为70．37％。三种PCR方法阳性率比较,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,QNRT—PCR与实时荧光定量PCR拷贝数配对检验差异没有统计学意义（P〉0．05）,QNRT—PCR与实时荧光定量PCR的Cr值配对检验差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论QNRT—PCR方法可检测痰液和胸水MTB DNA,对含微量MTB DNA样本的高敏感性在结核病的早期诊断中有重要参考价值。     

侵袭性肺曲霉菌病41例临床诊治分析

目的分析侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的临床特点。方法回顾性分析我院2002年1月—2009年1月诊治的41例侵袭性肺曲霉菌病患者的临床特点。结果侵袭性肺曲霉菌病患者多伴有基础性疾病,临床主要症状主要为咳嗽、血痰、胸痛、呼吸困难和发热,"晕轮征"、"新月征"或空洞形成是诊断IPA的重要CT征象。经临床抗菌治疗后,痊愈8例、好转17例,治疗总有效率60.98%。结论侵袭性肺曲霉病起病比较隐匿,进展迅速,预后凶险,病死率高,临床诊断缺乏特异性,早期诊断并应用抗真菌药物及时治疗成为救治成功的关键。     

侵袭性肺曲霉菌病25例的CT诊断

侵袭性肺曲霉菌病是一种严重的肺机遇性感染性病变,其发病率及病死率有逐渐升高之势[1 3 ] ,而且多并发于免疫抑制性患者,如白细胞减少症、大量使用糖皮质激素或免疫抑制剂、器官移植术后、淋巴网状内皮系统和血液系统恶性肿瘤等。因此,侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的早期诊断对临床治疗尤其重要。侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的早期诊断非常困难,由于该病的早期临床表现及X线平片无特异性,痰培养的阳性率低于10 % [4] ,CT扫描是诊断肺曲霉菌病的重要手段之一,尤其是随着薄层、高分辨率CT扫描的广泛应用,侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的CT表现更趋特征性[5] ;我们通过回顾分…     

一种基于AllGlo~(TM)探针的侵袭性曲霉菌病诊断技术的建立与评价

目的 建立并评价一种基于AllGlo~(TM)探针的侵袭性曲霉菌病诊断技术.方法 对目标基因进行克隆化并制备成标准品,用自行设计的AllGlo~(TM)探针和引物对标准品进行核酸扩增,制定定量检测标准曲线,对方法 的特异性、敏感性、重复性进行评价.结果 黄曲霉和炯曲霉AllGlo~(TM)荧光核酸扩增的标准曲线分别为Y=-3.003X+36.825和Y=-3.052X+38.016,其批间变异系数分别为15.60%和12.94%,表示重复性良好,敏感性达10 CFU/ml,相当于100-1000拷贝转录间隔区(ITS)2基因,与其他真菌、人类基因组及细菌无交叉阳性反应,特异性强.结论 这种基于AllGlo~(TM)探针的侵袭性曲霉菌病诊断技术具有较好的重复性、特异性和较高的准确度.     

不伴基础疾病及免疫低下的半侵袭性肺曲霉菌病7例诊治体会

目的探讨不伴基础疾病及免疫低下的半侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的临床特征、诊断及治疗方法。方法收集收治的7例不伴基础疾病及免疫低下的半侵袭性肺曲霉菌病病例,对其临床特点进行分析。结果 7例患者中男性5例,女性2例,曾误诊为结核4例,经纤维支气管镜检查确诊2例。经皮肺活检确诊3例,痰培养诊断2例。结论不伴基础疾病及免疫低下的半侵袭性肺曲霉菌病临床表现无特异性,因无真菌感染危险因素,易误诊而延误治疗,确诊需要病理依据。     

支气管哮喘合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病5例并文献复习

目的 提高对支气管哮喘患者合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的诊断及治疗.方法 分析2010年1月至2011年5月在我院呼吸科住院的5例支气管哮喘并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病患者的病例资料,同时结合相关文献进行复习.结果 5例患者确诊2例,临床诊断3例.痰培养4例查见曲霉菌,2例支气管镜检查病理形态学及特殊染色结果符合曲霉菌感染.影像学表现呈多样性.5例患者均接受伏立康唑治疗,其中2例死亡.结论 支气管哮喘患者合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病临床表现缺乏特异性.早期诊断和尽早抗曲霉菌治疗可降低死亡率.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.