阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血尿酸变化的临床意义

目的:了解不同程度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者血尿酸水平的变化,并分析二者之间的相关性。方法:选择我院2007年3月至2009年7月就诊的OSAHS患者80例,根据睡眠监测得出的睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为轻度OSAHS组(5次/h≤AHI≤20次/h,27例)、中度OSAHS组(20次/h40次/h,34例)和对照组(AHI<5次/h,20例);观察各组年龄、性别、体质量指数(BMI)、血清胆固醇、甘油三脂、血糖、尿酸及睡眠各项指标变化,比较3组间各观察指标的差异;对OSAHS组血清尿酸水平与AHI、最低脉搏容积血氧饱和度(LSpO2)和氧减<90%的时间T90进行相关性分析。结果:组间年龄及性别相比差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。轻、中度OSAHS组血尿酸水平分别为(365.30±92.37)μmol/L,(374.63±78.17)μmol/L均高于对照组(336.82±74.08)μmol/L,但差异无统计学意义;重度OSAHS组血清尿酸水平(440.26±92.14)μmol/L与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);OSAHS组血清尿酸水平与AHI、T90呈显著正相关(r值分别为0.441、0.309,P均<0.001)与LSpO2呈负相关(r值为-0.370,P<0.001)。结论:OSAHS患者中血清尿酸水平随着AHI的增加和缺氧程度的加重而增高,并与AHI、T90及LSpO2有较强的相关性。提示OSAHS患者反复发作低氧血症可能是心血管病高发的另一个原因。     

睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者持续气道正压通气治疗前后微觉醒的变化及意义

目的探讨微觉醒的发生机制、临床意义及其在睡眠呼吸障碍性疾患诊断治疗中的应用价值。方法270例打鼾者均按国际标准方法进行多导睡眠呼吸监测（PSG）,据此计算睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、睡眠潜伏期(SL)、每小时氧减饱和度4%以上的次数(ODI4)及每小时微觉醒的次数(MAI)。其中28例患者应用持续气道正压通气(CPAP)同时复查PSG,在治疗前后均填写Epworth睡眠问卷(ESS)以评价患者嗜睡的改善程度。结果270例鼾症患者中,247例符合睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(SAHS)的诊断,其AHI、ODI4、MAI及SL平均值分别为(43±27)次/h,(44±23)次/h,(29±16)次/h,(12±17)分。AHI与MAI,ODI4与MAI均呈正相关(r均为0.38,P均<0.001)。MAI与SL显著负相关(r=-0.15,P=0.02),AHI与SL、ODI4与SL均无相关性(r分别为-0.09,-0.02,P均>0.1)。经CPAP治疗,28例患者的呼吸暂停基本消失,ODI4由(48±25)次/h降至(4±9)次/h,MAI由(27±18)次/h减至(15±9)次/h,主观(ESS)及客观(SL)评价均显示白天嗜睡改善。结论应用专门的计算机软件辅助分析SAHS患者睡眠状态下的脑电变化,可以判读最短持续时间达3秒的微觉醒。MAI可以作为白天嗜睡的重要指标,在SAHS诊断和CPAP疗效判断方面与AHI具有互补性。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与高血压的相关性及影响因素分析

目的 通过分析阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）各参数与高血压的相关性,探讨OSAHS导致并发高血压的危险因素.方法 将244例OSAHS患者分为4组：单纯OSAHS组、轻度OSAHS合并高血压组、中度OSAHS合并高血压组、重度OSAHS合并高血压组.比较4组患者的一般临床资料、多导睡眠监测（PSG）参数、睡前及醒后收缩压及舒张压,Logistic回归分析各因素与高血压发病的相关性.结果 （1）在合并高血压的3组患者中,随着OSAHS的加重,患者BMI、氧减指数（ODI）、90％以下氧减饱和度指数（Ts90％）、微觉醒指数（AI）逐渐增加（P＜0.05）,最低氧饱和度（LSaO2）、非快速动眼睡眠3期时间占总睡眠时间百分比（N3％）逐渐降低（P＜0.05）;（2）4组患者醒后舒张压显著高于睡前,重度OSAHS合并高血压患者醒后收缩压和舒张压显著高于轻度和中度OSAHS合并高血压者（P＜0.05）;中度OSAHS合并高血压组醒后收缩压及舒张压均显著高于轻度OSAHS合并高血压组（P＜0.05）.（3）Logistic回归分析显示,OSAHS患者各指标与高血压相关性依次为Ts90％、LSaO2、ODI、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、BMI、AI（P＜0.05）.结论 随着OSAHS的加重,合并高血压的患者醒后收缩压及舒张压升高越明显.Ts90％、ODI、LSaO2、AHI、BMI、AI是高血压的独立危险因素,在高血压的发病中可能起着重要作用.     

经鼻持续气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者睡眠结构的影响

目的 评价经鼻持续气道正压通气(nCPAP)对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者睡眠结构的影响.方法 87例经多导睡眠图(PSG)诊断的OSAHS患者接受nCPAP和PSG监测,分析患者nCPAP治疗前、治疗中睡眠结构和病情严重度指标的改变.结果 患者在nCPAP治疗过程中睡眠结构和病情严重度指标发生明显改善,呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)由(54.45±28.85)次/h减至(8.11±13.41)次/h(F=184.528,P<0.001).最低血氧饱和度从(64.33±14.73)%升高至(75.08±15.52)%(F=21.948,P<0.001);平均血氧饱和度自(88.19±6.80)%升高为(91.99±3.87)%(F=20.469,P<0.001).I期睡眠占睡眠总时间的比率由(22.63土20.95)%减至(18.56±16.92)%,快动眼睡眠期比率自(13.28±10.25)%升高至(16.07±9.87)%,但均无统计学意义(F=1.984,P=0.161;F=3.347,P=0.069).Ⅱ期睡眠占睡眠总时间比率由(58.84±22.87)%减至(48.67±19.57)%(F=9.947,P=0.002).Ⅲ、Ⅳ期睡眠(慢波睡眠)从(6.29±7.16)%增至(17.01±9.84)%(F=67.511,P<0.001).结论 nCPAP改善OSAHS患者AHI、血氧饱和度的同时改善睡眠结构,主要增加患者的慢波睡眠,有明显即刻效应.     

Epworth嗜睡评分与夜间睡眠多导图监测对诊断高原阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的相关性研究

目的探讨Epworth嗜睡评分(ESS)与夜间睡眠多导图(PSG)对诊断高原阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的相关性。方法选择高原慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者226例,经PSG监测,确诊为COPD合并OSAHS(重叠综合征,OS)患者116例(A组),单纯COPD患者110例(B组)。对两组患者分别进行监测夜间睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、平均氧饱和度(MSaO_2)、平均最低氧饱和度(MmSaO_2)和记录白天ESS,并测定体质指数(BMI)和颈围(Nc)。结果 A组BMI、Nc、ESS、AHI[分别为(27.82±4.36)kg/m~2、(48.98±6.19)cm、(14.56±4.10)分、(51.03±10.24)次/h)]显著高于B组[分别为(22.56±3.98)kg/m~2、(40.76±6.03)cm、(2.67±0.85)分、(3.12±1.20)次/h,MSaO_2和MmSaO_2[分别为(66.38±7.52)%、(52.87±8.06)%]显著低于B组分别为(76.35±7.86)%、(67.65±7.86)%](均P0.01)。在A组中,COPDⅣ级组BMI、Nc、ESS、AHI[分别为(29.33±4.46)kg/m2、(52.42±6.31)cm、(16.77±4.29)分、(57.02±10.60)次/h]显著高于Ⅱ组[分别为(26.15±4.16)kg/m2、(46.05±5.89)cm、(12.06±3.88)分、(46.85±9.68)次/h,MSaO_2和MmSaO_2[分别为(62.55±7.47)%、(48.12±8.00)%]显著低于Ⅱ级组(70.77±7.86)%、(57.92±8.26)%](均P0.01);ESS、AHI、MSaO_2和MmSaO_2在Ⅲ级组[分别为(14.37±4.09)分、(52.09±10.34)次/h、(66.64±7.29)%、(53.44±7.96)%],与Ⅱ级组之间差异有显著性(均P0.05)。A组ESS与AHI、BMI、Nc呈显著正相关(r=0.856、0.776、0.782,P0.001),与MSaO_2、MmSaO_2呈显著负相关(r=-0.815,-0.798,P0.001)。结论 ESS与AHI、BMI、Nc、MSaO_2和MmSaO_2具有良好的相关性,可用于OSAHS患者的筛查和病情严重程度的评估。     

持续气道正压通气治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者体脂率和血脂的影响

目的评价持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患者体脂率及血脂的影响及其机制。方法选择2014年1月~2015年1月在解放军总医院南楼心内科经睡眠呼吸监测确诊的老年OSAHS患者126例,计算体质量指数(BMI)和体脂率,同时抽血检测TG、LDL-C、HDL-C及高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)等指标。所有患者接受CPAP治疗6个月,到期后再次通过多导睡眠呼吸监测复测呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度(SaO2)、BMI、体脂率及TG、LDL-C、HDL-C和hs-CRP。结果 OSAHS患者CPAP治疗6个月后,最低SaO2较治疗前明显升高[(94.07±2.15)%vs(74.54±7.82)%,P=0.001],而AHI、体脂率、LDL-C和hs-CRP水平则较治疗前明显降低[(5.88±2.36)次/h vs(27.61±7.38)次/h,P=0.001;(26.51±1.77)%vs(31.62±3.21)%,P=0.008;(2.04±0.55)mmol/L vs(3.75±0.81)mmol/L,P=0.005;(4.48±1.03)mg/L vs(6.73±1.65)mg/L,P=0.009]。结论 OSAHS患者因夜间低氧引起体内炎性因子分泌增多而造成血脂异常,CPAP治疗能够有效纠正OSAHS导致的间歇性低氧,有助于减轻炎性反应,从而降低体脂率和LDL-C。     

老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者术后红细胞变化的临床研究

目的 探讨老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者手术前后红细胞变化及其临床意义.方法 选取行改良等离子辅助下的悬雍垂腭咽成形术治疗的50例老年患者为治疗组,健康体检老年自愿者50例为对照组,记录治疗组术前术后6个月血液中RBC、HGB、HCT、AHI和夜间LSa02的变化.结果 术前检查老年轻中度OSAHS患者RBC、HGB、HCT分别为(5.5 ±0.8)×1012/L、(172.4±15.8) g/L、(58.5±6.3)％,老年重度OSAHS患者RBC、HGB、HCT分别为(6.7±1.2)×1012/L、(197.2±18.6)g/L、(72.6士8.9)％,均高于对照组(P＜0.05);术后6个月老年轻中度和重度OSAHS患者RBC、HGB、HCT均低于术前(P＜0.05);术前治疗组老年重度OSAHS患者EPO为(1.76±0.54) ng/ml,高于轻中度组(1.21 ±0.43)和对照组(1.12士0.35)ng/ml(P ＜0.05),术后老年重度OSAHS患者EPO比术前有所降低(P＜0.05),术前治疗组老年重度和轻中度OSAHS患者ANP高于对照组,但三者之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术前术后老年重度和轻中度OSAHS患者的变化均不大,无统计学差(P＞0.05);术后老年轻中度OSAHS患者AHI、夜间LSa02为(8.5±3.8)次/h、(88.2±12.7)％,老年重度OSAHS患者AHI、夜间LSa02为(13.4±3.9)次/h、(82.9±11.5)％,AHI均低于术前,夜间LSaO2均高于术前(P＜0.05).结论 改良等离子辅助下的悬雍垂腭咽成型术对治疗老年OSAHS患者有较好疗效,且能够有效降低老年OSAHS患者RBC、HGB、HCT.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者呼吸调节的家族聚集性研究

目的　探讨呼吸调节异常是否是引起阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (OSAHS)家族聚集性的原因。方法　对 10例重度OSAHS患者、其一级亲属 16名及单纯肥胖者 14例进行睡眠监测并测定低氧通气反应 (HVR)、高碳酸通气反应 (HCVR)。对OSAHS患者进行持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗 ,在治疗的第 1、2、3个月复查HVR和HCVR。结果　 (1)OSAHS患者亲属的呼吸暂停及低通气指数 (AHI)为 (2 8 4± 39 1)次 /h ,出现习惯性打鼾、白天嗜睡的比例分别为 10 0 %和 90 % ,与对照组相比明显增高 (分别为P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1)。 (2 )亲属中无论是否有OSAHS ,其HVR、HCVR分别为 (- 19± 2 4 )cmH2 O、(0 31± 0 35 )cmH2 O/mmHg ,与对照组比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。 (3)经CPAP治疗后 ,OSAHS患者的HVR、HCVR恢复正常。结论　OSAHS有家族聚集性 ,但这一聚集性与遗传性呼吸调节异常无关     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血清脂联素水平的研究

目的 探讨血清脂联素在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者体内的变化。方法 选择伴有肥胖的OSAHS患者71例(肥胖OSAHS组)、不伴肥胖的OSAHS患者21例(非肥胖OSAHS组)、单纯性肥胖者26例(单纯性肥胖组)和健康成人22例(正常对照组)。其中肥胖OSAHS组和单纯性肥胖组的体重指数(BMI)均大于25,两组间BMI差异无显著性。肥胖OSAHS组又进一步分为轻度(26例)、中度(22例)和重度(23例)。均接受多导睡眠仪监测和放射免疫法测定血清脂联素水平。结果 正常对照组血清脂联素水平[(8.9±0.6)mg/L]显著高于单纯性肥胖组[(7.1±1.3)mg/L](P<0.05)、非肥胖OSAHS组[(5.4±0.6)mg/L,P<0.01]和肥胖OSAHS组[(5.0±1.0)mg/L,P<01]。与单纯性肥胖组的血清脂联素水平相比,无论肥胖OSAHS组或非肥胖OSAHS组均显著降低,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。肥胖OSAHS组与非肥胖OSAHS组的血清脂联素水平相比,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。肥胖OSAHS组与单纯性肥胖组的分析显示:血清脂联素水平与呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)(r=-0.78,P<0.01)、BMI(r=-0.21,P<0.05)、腰围(r=-O.36,P<0.01)和颈围呈负相关(r=-0.42,P<0.01),与最低脉搏血氧饱和度呈正相关(r=0.48,P<0.01)。结论 OSAHS患者中血清脂联素水平较正常对照和单纯肥胖者更低,除了腰围和颈围的因素     

体质量指数对病情分级相同的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者的影响

目的 探讨体质量指数(BMI)对病情分级相同的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)患者的影响.方法 选取267例已行多导睡眠监测的OSAHS患者,按国内通用BMI标准分两组,BMI≥24者为肥胖组(206例),BMI＜24者为正常组(61名).按AHI及夜间最低SaO2将患者病情分为轻、中、重三级,分别比较相同病情分级的正常与肥胖两组患者睡眠结构、呼吸紊乱、临床症状及合并症的情况.结果 病情分级相同的OSAHS患者因BMI不同,睡眠结构、呼吸紊乱程度及合并症差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),肥胖组病情严重程度重于正常组,合并症比例高于正常组,在重度分级中差异显著.结论 肥胖使OSAHS患者的病情严重程度加重,随着OSAHS病情分级的加重,肥胖对于OSAHS的影响也更加明显.     

狼疮性肾炎活动性指数和慢性指数的临床意义

目的：探讨狼疮性肾炎（ＬＮ）的主要病理学参数活动性指数（ＡＩ）及慢性指数（ＣＩ），在ＬＮ诊治及预后判断方面的意义。方法：对６０例ＬＮ患者肾穿刺活检标本组织形态学进行半定量分析，结合肾功能状态及疗效，观察ＡＩ、ＣＩ与此三者之间的关系。结果：ＡＩ、ＣＩ与ＬＮ组织学类型、肾功能状态及疗效之间明显相关，ＡＩ≥１０、ＣＩ≥６者预后不良，Ⅳ型ＬＮ肾功能不全患者，肾功能恢复与否取决于ＣＩ，与ＡＩ无关。结论：ＡＩ、ＣＩ能比较准确地反映ＬＮ的活动性及慢性化程度，对判断预后、指导治疗具有重要意义     

Postprandial serum C-peptide to plasma glucose concentration ratio correlates with oral glucose tolerance test- and glucose clamp-based disposition indexes

Objective

The C-peptide index (CPI), a ratio of serum C-peptide to plasma glucose levels, is a readily measured index of β-cell function. The difference in the physiological features reflected by the index measured under fasting (F-CPI) or postprandial (PP-CPI) conditions has remained unclear, however.

Materials/Methods

We investigated the relationship of the two CPIs to indexes of insulin secretion measured with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or with hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp analyses as well as to disposition indexes (indexes of insulin secretion adjusted for insulin sensitivity) calculated from OGTT- or clamp-based analyses. We also examined the relationship between glucose tolerance and the clamp-based disposition index.

Results

The clamp-based disposition index declined progressively from normal glucose tolerance to impaired glucose tolerance to Type 2 diabetes, and it strongly correlated with the 2-h plasma glucose level during an OGTT. For patients with Type 2 diabetes, both F-CPI and PP-CPI correlated with indexes of insulin secretion including HOMA-β, the insulinogenic index, the ratio of the area under the insulin curve to that under the glucose curve during an OGTT, the serum C-peptide level after glucagon challenge, as well as early and total insulin secretion measured with a hyperglycemic clamp. PP-CPI, but not F-CPI, was significantly correlated with clamp-based and OGTT-based disposition indexes.

Conclusions

F-CPI was correlated only with unadjusted indexes of insulin secretion, whereas PP-CPI was correlated with such indexes as well as with those adjusted for insulin sensitivity. The better clinical utility of PP-CPI might be attributable to these physiological characteristics.     

晚期胰腺癌患者凝血、抗凝功能的变化及意义

检测２２例晚期胰腺癌患者的凝血酶原时间（ＰＴ）、激活的部分凝血酶原时间（ＡＰＴＴ）、纤维蛋白原（Ｆｇ）、ｖｉｌｌｅ ｂｒａｎｄ因子（ＶＷＦ）等凝血指标及抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性（ＡＴ－ⅢＡ）、抗凝血酶Ⅲ抗原（ＡＴ－ⅢＡｇ）、Ｃ蛋白活性（ＰＣ：Ａ）等抗凝指标，并与正常人进行对比分析。结果显示：是期胰腺癌患者的ＰＴ、ＡＰＴＴ明显延长（Ｐ〈０．０１），Ｆｆ、ＶＷＦ升高（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＡＴ－ⅢＡ％降低（Ｐ〈０．０     

VALIDITY OF ACTIVITY INDICES IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS: COMPARISON OF CLINICAL AND ENDOSCOPIC INDICES

Aim: Various different clinical indices (CI) and endoscopic indices (El) have been used to evaluate the clinical disease activity of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, no standardized CI or El of UC has been established. The aim of the present study was to determine whether or not any of the CI and/or EI for assessing the disease activity of UC could be established as a standard. Methods: The most frequently used CI and EI were identified from 100 published clinical trials dealing with UC, and representative CI and El were selected. Seventy‐four patients were enrolled in this study and their CI and El were assessed prior to treatment and at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. Furthermore, changes over time and relationships among the indices were analyzed. In this study, the clinical activity index (CAI), the disease activity index (DAI), the Lichtiger index (LI) and the Seo index were selected as the representative CI, and the Baron score and the Rachmilewitz endoscopic index (REI) were selected as the representative EI. Results: A significant decrease in all the CI and El was observed after treatment, as compared with the baseline values. Moreover, there were positive relationships among the CI and between the CI and El. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that all the CI and El examined were almost equally useful for evaluating disease activity in UC patients. Further studies may help to determine which of the indices is the most suitable for use in UC clinical trials.     

Shared and additional risk factors for decrease of toe-brachial index compared to ankle-brachial index in Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus

Objective

Some diabetic patients have a low toe-brachial index (TBI) despite their normal ankle-brachial index (ABI). We statistically investigated whether the impact of risk factors on TBI would be different compared to ABI.

Research design and methods

We used a database of 1738 limbs of consecutive 869 Japanese diabetic patients whose ABI and TBI were simultaneously evaluated. We developed a common regression model to ABI and TBI by extending the linear mixed model, and statistically detected the difference in the impact of risk factors between the two indices.

Results

Sex, smoking, proteinuria, hypertension, and history of stroke and coronary artery disease were common independent risk factors for the decrease of ABI and TBI; their impacts on ABI and TBI were not significantly different. On the other hand, the impact of age, diabetic duration, and body mass index was significantly different between the two indices (all p < 0.05). Age and body mass index were significantly associated with TBI but not with ABI. Diabetic duration had a significant impact both on TBI and ABI, but the impact on TBI was significantly greater than that on ABI (β = −0.144 vs. −0.087; p < 0.05). In the population with normal ABI, patients with these risk factors had a higher prevalence of decreased TBI.

Conclusions

The risk factors for the decrease of ABI and TBI were not identical in Japanese diabetic patients. Age, diabetic duration and body mass index were associated with reduced TBI in patients with normal ABI.     

心电图Morris,Macruz指数与经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术疗效的相关性分析

分析32例经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(PBMV)前、后的心电图Morris指数(PTFv_1)和Macruz指数(Ⅱ导联P/P-R段比值),探讨心电图对判定PBMV疗效的价值。结果Morris指数术前—0.061±0.005mm·s,术后—0.038±0.003mm·s,Macruz指数术前2.54±0.12,术后2.02±0.15,均有极显著性差异(P<0.001)。将两指数分别与多项血流动力学和超声心动图测值比较,术前,后均有较好的相关。认为Morris指数和Macruz指数可作为PBMV后疗效判定及心功能随访的一种可靠而简便的方法。     

Relationship Between Diastolic Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis and Vascular Calcification in Hemodialysis Patients: Diagnostic Potential of the Cardio‐Ankle Vascular Index

Diastolic dysfunction (DD) commonly causes heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (EF). Here, we examine associations between DD severity and atherosclerosis/vascular calcification in hemodialysis patients. Echocardiography was performed on 101 patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy. Twelve patients (EF < 50% or chronic atrial fibrillation) were excluded; DD of the remaining 89 patients was classified into four grades. We then investigated the relationship between their DD grades and the cardio‐ankle vascular index (CAVI), ankle‐brachial pressure index (ABI), toe‐brachial pressure index (TBI), and aortic calcification area index (ACAI). Seventy‐seven patients (86.5%) with EF ≥ 50% had DD. Associations with advanced age and comorbid diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease were observed. The CAVI, TBI, and ACAI, but not ABI, increased proportionally with DD grades. Thus, many hemodialysis patients developed DD, with systolic function maintained. Strong associations between DD grades and progression of both atherosclerosis and vascular calcification could be inferred.     

Body Adiposity Index and Body Roundness Index in Identifying Insulin Resistance Among Adults Without Diabetes

Background

Body adiposity index (BAI) and body roundness index (BRI), initially developed to assess obesity, were evaluated here to detect insulin resistance in comparison with traditional anthropometric indices of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), weight-to-height ratio (WHtR), visceral adiposity index (VAI) and abdominal volume index (AVI).