结扎宁胶囊对大鼠输精管结扎后附睾淤积防治研究

为研究结扎宁胶囊I号对大鼠输精管结扎后附睾淤积的影响,将SD大鼠72只,分为给药组与未给药组,观察大鼠输精管结扎后附睾精子肉芽肿和附睾淤积发生率。结果显示,结扎宁胶囊能显著减少大鼠结扎后附睾精子肉芽肿发病率(P<0.05),并使附睾精子数目明显减少(P<0.01),减少了附睾淤积的发生。且有显著消除附睾中无菌性炎症的作用。本研究为附睾淤积症的防治提供了可靠依据。     

非堵塞性输精管滤过装置节育术效果的临床研究

报告125例输精管滤过装置(IVD)节育术与125例钳穿法输精管结扎术临床比较研究一年观察结果:两组随访率分别为96.0％(IVD组)和94.40％(结扎组);节育有效率分别为99.2％和100％(P>0.05),精子消失率分别为68.3％和99.2％(P<0.001)。IVD组术后半年和一年分别有91.57％和79.17％的研究对象的精浆测出中性α—糖苷酶活性,证明IVD组术后大部分受试者仍有附睾液通过,与结扎组术后半年的4.48％和一年的4.24％比较,有非常显著的差异(P<0.001)。IVD组术后并发症有感染1例,而结扎组有感染、附睾淤积症、性功能障碍各1例。并发症总发生率为0.83％(IVD组)和2.54％(结扎组),无显著差异。术后附睾肿大和近睾端输精管增粗现象,IVD组的发生率为3.3％和11.7％,结扎组的发生率为60.2％和62.7％,两组间有非常显著的差异(P<0.001)。IVD组术后血清精子凝集抗体阳性率明显低于结扎组。结果表明:IVD置入输精管腔后节育效果可靠且能减轻附睾淤积的发生,有可能成为一种较理想的非堵塞性输精管内节育器。     

输精管结扎对男性泌尿生殖系统的影响

<正> 输精管结扎是世界范围内广泛应用的节育措施,通过结扎输精管阻断精子排出路径,达到避孕效果。关于输精管结扎术对男性泌尿生殖器官生理状态的影响已有研究,一部分是基于动物实验基础上的推论,一部分是对人群的跟踪调查,现对相关文献予以综述。 输精管结扎对输精管和附睾的影响 输精管结扎术后,附睾和输精管近端由于阻塞产生淤积、扩张。徐传良等对兔研究报     

Lewis鼠输精管结扎和吻合术后精子肉芽肿的发生及其与睾丸重量的关系

精子肉芽肿是输精管结扎术后的常见后果之一,其重要性尚不清楚。本文就Lewis鼠输精管结扎和吻合术后的变化进行了研究,旨在明确精子肉芽肿的发生及其与睾丸重量的相关性。将体重200～250g的Lewis鼠分为3组:结扎组13只;吻合组25只,结扎后3个月作双侧吻合术;对照组14只作模拟结扎术,3个月后又作模拟吻合术。全部动物分别于实验开始后3、4和7个月处死,测定睾丸、附睾和精子肉芽肿的重量及容积,切片染色作组织学检查。输精管作离体灌水流速测定。结扎组术后3个月63%近睾端发生肉芽肿,吻合组4个月时(结扎后3个月加吻合后1个月)     

三种方法治疗78例输精管结扎术后附睾淤积的体会

目的:总结和论证男性输精管结扎术后附睾淤积症治疗的方法.方法:采用随机开放前瞻对照试验方法,将78例输精管结扎术后附睾淤积患者随机分为三组:甲组局部封闭治疗,乙组输精管吻合术,丙组中药加雌激素配合微波治疗.结果:局部封闭治疗总有效率84.6%,输精管吻合术总有效率90.0%,中药加雌激素配合微波治疗总有效率93.3%.结论:中药加雌激素配合微波治疗显效率及总有效率均高于甲、乙两组,此方法简单、易行、无创,值得临床推广.     

近睾端输精管穿刺抽吸法治疗附睾淤积症46例分析

<正> 附睾淤积症是输精管结扎术后一种常见并发症,据统计,发病率约为0.63％,笔者自1998年以来,采用穿刺近睾端输精管抽吸附睾部淤积的附睾液,消除附睾管壁张力性症状46例,效果较为满意,现报告如下。 一、资料与方法 1.一般资料 本组46例,平均年龄33.6(25～49)岁,其中25～30岁者12例,31～40岁者27例,41岁以上者7例;病程平均1.7年,其中6个月～1年者24例,1.1～2年者16例,2.1～2.5年者6例。 2.临床资料 输精管两断端结扎者46例;单侧附睾发病     

输精管结扎术后近期附睾改变的超声观察

<正>男性输精管结扎术是一种简便、经济、安全有效的绝育方法,但仍有极少数受术者可发生术后并发症,附睾淤积症即为其中之一。国内开展的一项前瞻性多中心临床试验显示附睾淤积症在输精管结扎术中发生率为0.9%[1]。附睾淤积主要是输精管道阻断后附睾液分泌与吸收失衡所致,而附睾淤积症     

输精管结扎术后远期对生殖激素水平、前列腺体积影响的研究

目的:探讨输精管结扎术对中老年男性生殖激素水平、前列腺体积、阴茎勃起功能和心理状态等状况的远期影响。方法:使用结构式问卷调查73例40岁以上,实施输精管结扎术20年以上健康男性(结扎组)和73例健康未实施结扎术健康男性(对照组),填写贝克抑郁量表(BDI-II)、国际勃起功能指数量表(IIEF-5)及国际前列腺症状评分量表(IPSS),测定并计算血清生殖激素水平及前列腺体积。结果:血清生殖激素水平、BDI-II评分及IIEF-5评分结扎组与对照组差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),结扎组前列腺体积小于对照组(P0.01),结扎组IPSS评分低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:输精管结扎术对受术对象勃起功能、心理状态及性激素水平无远期影响,但能抑制前列腺体积增大,改善下尿路排尿症状。     

输精管结扎对中老年男性性腺功能的远期影响

目的探讨输精管结扎术后对中老年男性性腺功能的远期影响。方法随机抽取有输精管结扎史的167例中老年男性,按照结扎年限不同分成10年组(10~19年)、20年组(20~29年)、30年组(≥30年)。按1∶1匹配未结扎、有生育史的167例中老年男性作为对照组。测量研究对象血清总睾酮(total testosterone,TT)、游离睾酮(free testosterone,c FT)、雌二醇(estradiol,E2)、性激素结合球蛋白(sex hormone binding globulin,SHBG)、卵泡刺激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)水平,简体中文版老年男性症状量表(CN-AMS)得分,比较两组间及不同结扎年限间的差异。结果结扎组与对照组在血清TT、c FT、E2、SHBG、FSH、LH水平及CN-AMS得分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结扎10年组、20年组与对照组的各指标比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);结扎30年组血清c FT明显低于对照组(P0.05),血清TT、E2、SHBG、FSH、LH水平及CN-AMS得分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论输精管结扎术后对中老年男性性腺功能远期没有明显影响。     

输精管再通术治疗中长期附睾淤积症的临床观察

目的：观察输精管再通术对中长期附睾淤积症的治疗效果,指导合理应用手术治疗中长期附睾淤积症。方法：对82例中长期附睾淤积症行输精管再通术者进行回顾性分析,通过观察附睾淤积程度、淤积时间、合并症、手术效果来评价疗效。结果：手术有效率轻度附睾淤积100%、中度附睾淤积50%,输精管再通术无效者行附睾切除术的有效率为17%（2/12）,其中80%（10/12）术前患有神经衰弱、焦虑症。结论：输精管再通术在中长期附睾淤积症的治疗效果肯定,严格排除心身疾病及评估术前并存疾病对附睾淤积症的影响,有助于提高输精管再通术治疗中长期附睾淤积症的效果。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.