岛叶胶质瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨岛叶胶质瘤的分型及其显微外科治疗。方法 回顾性分析42例岛叶胶质瘤病人的临床资料,根据患者术前MRI平扫+增强扫描显示病变位置将岛叶胶质瘤分为纯岛叶胶质瘤（5例）,额叶-岛叶胶质瘤（12例）,颞叶-岛叶胶质瘤（16例）,额叶-颞叶-岛叶胶质瘤（9例）,采用翼点或扩大翼点入路显微手术切除肿瘤。结果 肿瘤全切除23例,次全切除9例,大部分切除10例。无手术死亡病例。术后28例神经功能完好,4例出现新的神经功能障碍,8例神经功能障碍无变化,2例神经功能障碍加重。22例术后随访时间6~15个月,低级别星形细胞全部生存,8例术后复发再次手术,2例星型胶质细胞瘤Ⅳ级患者1年后死亡。结论 术前对岛叶胶质瘤进行分型,有助于定义肿瘤扩展范围及决定手术方式,有助于最大程度地切除肿瘤。     

岛叶低级别胶质瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨显微手术切除岛叶低级别胶质瘤的方法和效果。方法 对30例岛叶低级别胶质瘤病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 肿瘤全切除12例，近全切除14例，部分切除4例，无手术死亡。术后早期偏瘫6例、失语3例、偏瘫和失语3例，经术后3个月随访，仍有2例轻偏瘫、1例失语。结论 经外侧裂入路应用显微外科技术是治疗岛叶低级别胶质瘤的较理想方法。     

岛叶胶质瘤的显微外科治疗

目的探讨岛叶胶质瘤显微外科手术切除的可行性和手术效果。方法回顾性分析2002-2011年收治的43例岛叶胶质瘤病例的临床资料、手术方法和疗效。结果本组43例患者中,手术全切24例,次全切17例,大部分切除2例。术后出现对侧肢体瘫痪9例,短暂性言语障碍4例,均在1月内恢复。35例得到随访,平均随访3．2年,其中术后复发7例,2例经再次放化疗后病变未见增大,5例经综合治疗后随访1年未见有复发。其他病例均可恢复正常工作生活,无死亡病例。结论在熟悉岛叶区域解剖的基础上,采用经侧裂入路切除岛叶胶质瘤是其治疗的有效途径。     

岛叶病变伴癫痫发作的手术治疗与癫痫预后

目的 探讨伴有癫痫发作的岛叶病变患者癫痫发作特点、手术策略及癫痫预后.方法 分析18例岛叶病变切除患者的临床表现、手术及癫痫预后等情况. 结果 18例患者中14例首发症状为癫痫发作.左侧病变4例,右侧14例.单纯岛叶病变9例.全切11例,次全切7例.星形细胞瘤14例,海绵状血管瘤4例.术后随访11-33个月,13例(72％)癫痫发作完全消失.Engel疗效分级:Ⅰ级13例;Ⅱ级2例;Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例. 结论 手术切除岛叶病变,安全可靠,癫痫控制满意.     

术中B超辅助经侧裂入路岛叶胶质瘤显微外科治疗

目的探讨术中B超辅助下岛叶胶质瘤显微手术切除的效果。方法回顾性分析10例岛叶胶质瘤病人的临床资料,均采用翼点外侧裂入路术中B超辅助下手术切除肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切除8例,近全切除2例。病理结果：星形细胞瘤7例,少枝胶质细胞瘤3例。无手术死亡,术后早期发生偏瘫、失语各2例。随访10例,时间6～12个月,未见肿瘤复发,轻偏瘫1例,轻度失语1例。结论术中B超的应用增加手术安全性,及时发现残余肿瘤,提高肿瘤的全切除率。     

纯岛叶低级别胶质瘤的显微外科治疗

目的探讨纯岛叶低级别胶质瘤的显微手术方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析17例纯岛叶低级别胶质瘤病人的临床资料。其中肿瘤位于左侧岛叶8例,右侧岛叶9例,均采用翼点外侧裂入路手术切除肿瘤。结果肿瘤全切除12例,近全切除5例。病理结果:星形细胞瘤8例,少枝胶质细胞瘤4例,少枝星形细胞瘤5例。无手术死亡,术后早期发生偏瘫、失语各2例。随访17例,时间6~12个月,均未见肿瘤复发,轻偏瘫1例,轻度失语1例。结论应用显微外科技术经翼点外侧裂入路治疗纯岛叶低级别胶质瘤安全、有效。了解岛叶解剖有助于最大程度切除岛叶低级别胶质瘤,减少病人术后神经功能障碍。     

以癫痫为首发症状的岛叶胶质瘤的手术治疗

目的探讨以癫痫为首发症状的岛叶胶质瘤的手术治疗方法及疗效。方法岛叶胶质瘤患者15例,男10例,女5例;年龄9～56岁;病程1月～3年,临床表现均以癫痫发作为首发症状,术前除常规行头颅CT及MRI检查,还加行了常规脑电图检查,另有10例行了长程同步视频脑电图检查。胶质瘤均在术中皮层脑电图(ECoG)监测下行手术切除。结果肿瘤全切12例,次全切除3例。所有患者在切除肿瘤前ECoG监测均有大量的异常痫样放电,且越靠近病变放电越明显,切除肿瘤后复查ECoG发现在术腔周围仍然有痫样放电,但放电范围均较切除前明显缩小。其中13例加行了皮层热灼术,2例加行了多处软脑膜下横纤维切断术。术后随访1年以上发现10例生存良好,3例复发,2例死亡。且术后13例患者无癫痫发作,只有2例仍时有癫痫发作。结论在术中ECoG监测下切除以癫痫为首发症状的岛叶胶质瘤,不但能指导肿瘤切除,同时还能一并将致痫灶切除,值得积极稳妥地推广。     

神经导航下岛叶胶质瘤的显微外科治 疗简

目的总结神经导航下显微手术切除岛叶胶质瘤的经验。方法回顾性分析20例岛叶胶质瘤的病例资料,癫痫发作12例,头痛7例,轻偏瘫1例。肿瘤位于左侧12例,右侧8例。均在神经导航下行显微外科手术。结果肿瘤全切除12例,近全切除4例,部分切除4例,无手术死亡病例。术后早期发生偏瘫5例,失语2例,偏瘫和失语3例。经术后3个月随访,病人仍有轻偏瘫2例和失语1例。结论在神经导航下经额颞开颅、外侧裂入路,应用显微外科技术进行手术治疗是岛叶胶质瘤较理想的治疗方法。     

手术全切岛叶基底节区胶质瘤21例报告

目的对岛叶基底节区胶质瘤的临床特征、手术切除效果进行分析。方法对近年来采用翼点入路手术切除的21例岛叶基底节区胶质瘤病人的临床表现、病理类型、影像学特征、手术及预后进行回顾性分析。结果本组均进行了肿瘤全切除,术后除2例病人出现暂时运动性失语,2例对侧肢体偏瘫外,均恢复良好,无严重的手术并发症及手术死亡。结论对岛叶基底节区胶质瘤可以进行全切除而没有或仅遗留轻微的神经功能缺失。     

岛叶胶质瘤的显微手术治疗（附35例分析）

目的探讨体感诱发电位监测下利用超声刀瘤内切除岛叶胶质瘤的临床效果。方法自2009年11月至2012年6月收治岛叶胶质瘤患者35例,采用翼点入路开颅手术,广泛暴露外侧裂,术中进行体感诱发电位监测,利用超声刀首先从瘤内切除部分肿瘤,缩小肿瘤体积,进而从周围分离并切除肿瘤。结果本组肿瘤全切除21例,次全切除8例,大部分切除6例。术后病理学结果显示星形细胞瘤19例,少突胶质细胞瘤6例,间变星形细胞瘤5例,星形细胞瘤混合少突胶质细胞瘤3例,胶质母细胞瘤2例。术后25例症状较术前好转,8例无变化,2例较术前加重（1例出现永久性瘫痪）。本组无手术死亡患者。26例术后随访3个月~2年,9例失访（包括2例胶质母细胞瘤）;均经过尼莫斯汀化疗2~4个疗程,正规放疗1个疗程;肿瘤全切除病例未见肿瘤复发,症状较术前明显好转。结论在体感诱发电位监测下,充分暴露外侧裂,利用超声刀先行瘤内部分切除,缩小肿瘤体积,进而从四周分离切除肿瘤,可以提高岛叶胶质瘤的全切率,减少血管损伤引起的术后功能障碍。     

Brain CT and MRI Findings in 100 Consecutive Patients with Intracranial Tuberculoma

OBJECTIVE: The characteristics of intracranial tuberculoma on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not well known. The authors reviewed the features of tuberculoma on CT scans and MRI. The authors also correlated the MRI characteristics on various pulse sequences with neuropathological findings. METHODS: The charts of patients with intracranial tuberculoma were consecutively reviewed during the period from 1988 to 1999. The diagnosis of tuberculoma was based on pathology (n = 19), clinical or neuroimaging response to tuberculous chemotherapy (n = 57), or evidence of systemic tuberculosis (n = 24). Neuropathological specimens of tuberculoma were graded for the amount of fibrosis, gliosis, necrosis, and cell types (lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells). RESULTS: One hundred patients (43 men) were identified. The age range was 1 to 75 years (mean = 30 y). The number of lesions ranged from 1 to > 100 (mean = 4.5 lesions/patient). Thirty-one patients had solitary lesions, whereas 69 had multiple lesions. Thirty-seven patients had hydrocephalus. After contrast administration, > 450 lesions were seen on CT and MRI images in all 100 scans. The diameter of these enhancing lesions ranged from 1 mm to 5 cm. Lesions > 1 cm showed varied enhancement, including irregular shapes, ringlike shapes, open rings, and lobular patterns. Targetlike lesions were seen in only 2 patients. Other features included cortical and subcortical infarcts (12 patients), calcification (10% of lesions), edema (33 patients), meningeal enhancement (12 patients), mass effect, and/or midline shift (18 patients). A hypointense core with a hyperintense rim was the most common signal characteristic on T2-weighted MRI. The central hypointensity on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images reflected extensive necrosis and hypercellularity. CONCLUSION: Multiple tuberculomas and infratentorial locations were more common in the authors' patient population than in previous reports. The MRI signal characteristics of intracranial tuberculoma are extremely diverse. An isointense or hypointense core with a hyperintense rim on T2-weighted and FLAIR images is the most common presentation. Core hypointensity of lesions on these images is related to necrosis and the large number of cells.     

Management of intracranial tuberculoma in children

Thirty-one patients were studied during a period of 3 years in order to identify features helpful for the diagnosis of tuberculoma. Sixteen had a history of pyrexia, 4 had had contact with cases of tuberculosis, the tuberculin test was positive in 15, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was elevated in 23, and 5 had concomitant tuberculous infections. Three had multiple lesions and 10 showed CT scan features suggestive of tuberculoma. Nineteen patients were successfully treated with drugs alone; seven needed surgery because they failed to respond to drugs clinically or because CT indicated no improvement. One patient proved to have a tumor, having shown an absence of response to drugs; four were operated on without drug trial because they were thought to have a tumor, and 1 needed surgery because of the mass effect of a very large tuberculoma. Infratentorial lesions associated with hydrocephalus were treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunts.     

颅内结核瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 进一步提高对颅内结核瘤的诊断与治疗水平。方法 对7例颅内结核瘤的临床特点、CT和MRI的改变进行回顾性分析。结果 7例中5例全切,2例部分切除,术后给予正规抗结核治疗,全部治愈。结论 对于不能确诊的病例行手术切除或活检可明确诊断,对其治疗应制定正确的方案,避免延误治疗。     

Cerebral tuberculomas

We report eight cases of brain tuberculoma. The clinical presentation was polymorphous: partial epilepsy (n=4), headache (n=3), hemiplegia (n=1), meningitis (n=1), cerebellar syndrome (n=1). Six patients also had pulmonary tuberculosis, one had tuberculosis of the genital organs, and one had HIV co-infection. The brain CT scan and MRI were highly contributive to diagnosis and follow-up. Despite good compliance with an anti-tuberculosis regimen for at least 14 months, the course was favorable in only six patients. Adjunction of corticosteroids led to radiological improvement. Assessment of cell immunity demonstrated a diminished immunomodulator ratio. Cerebral tuberculoma should be searched for in patients with unexplained neurological manifestations and several intracerebral lesions, particularly if pulmonary or visceral tuberculosis and/or immunodepression is part of the clinical picture.     

Intractable hiccup induced by brainstem lesion

Four patients with brainstem lesions presented with intractable hiccup and mild to moderate neurological signs. Two of the patients had been initially diagnosed as having a psychogenic cause for their hiccup. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated brainstem infarction in one case, tuberculoma at the junction of the medulla oblongata and the cervical spinal cord in two, and a vermian tuberculoma compressing the brainstem in one. The brainstem infarct and one of the medullary tuberculoma were not detected on high resolution enhanced computed tomography. The 3 patients with CNS tuberculoma were free of hiccup 1-5 months after antituberculous chemotherapy. It is proposed that hiccup is not an abnormal reflex, but a myoclonus generated by repetitive activity of the "inspiratory solitary nucleus" due to release of higher nervous system inhibitory/-regulatory control. The neuroanatomical network and the mechanisms underlying the formation of intractable hiccup are outlined. The value of MRI in the initial diagnosis and follow-up of patients with intractable hiccup due to brainstem lesions is emphasised.     

不伴脑膜炎的脑结核瘤临床诊治分析(附1例报告及文献复习)

目的:为提高对脑结核瘤的诊断和治疗水平。方法:回顾性分析1例多发性脑结核瘤患者的临床特点、影像学表现及治疗效果。结果:该例患者脑内结核瘤呈粟粒样分布,累及大脑、小脑和脑干。抗结核治疗后病灶缩小、数目明显减少。结论:结核瘤的诊断应结合临床表现、影像学特点、实验室检查及抗结核疗效进行综合判定。药物治疗需正规、长疗程。     

Opto-chiasmatic tuberculoma disclosed by unilateral exophthalmos. Clinico-pathologic study

We report the clinico-pathological case of a 3 year-old boy who presented with progressive unilateral exophthalmos for 6 months. There was a tuberculous meningitis and at post mortem examination an opto-chiasmatic tuberculoma with features of chronic inflammation, epithelioid cells, giant cells and a tuberculoma in the left insula with features of acute inflammation.     

Proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted MR imaging for the diagnosis of intracranial tuberculomas. Report of two cases

With the current prevalence of tuberculosis, the incidence of intracranial tuberculoma may be on the rise in industrialized nations. However, clinical findings suggestive of systemic tuberculosis are frequently subtle or absent in patients with intracranial tuberculoma, and no specific neuroradiologic characteristics of tuberculoma have been defined as yet. We report two cases of ring-enhanced intracranial tuberculoma in which magnetic resonance (MR) proton spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging were useful in the differential diagnosis between tuberculoma and other ring-enhanced mass lesions. Pulmonary tuberculosis had been diagnosed in one patient, but radiologic lung study and tuberculin skin test were negative in the other. DW imaging showed bright signal intensity in the core of all lesions in both patients. Malignant gliomas and metastatic brain tumors do not have this characteristic. Proton MR spectroscopy of lesion cores showed lipid peaks and a choline peak in one, and a lipid/lactate mixture pattern in the other, which differed distinctively from those of the pyogenic brain abscess. in each case, one lesion was surgically removed. Antituberculosis drugs were started before surgery for one patient and after surgery for the other. In both, the remaining lesions were reduced significantly in size. We discuss the diagnostic potential of these MR techniques and management options of intracranial tuberculoma.     

西藏自治区脑结核瘤手术治疗分析（附16例报道并文献复习）

目的 总结西藏自治区脑结核瘤的诊治经验。方法 回顾性分析西藏自治区人民医院2013年9月至2021年9月手术治疗的16例脑结核瘤的临床资料。结果 15例为脑内单发病灶行开颅显微镜下手术切除病灶;1例多发病灶,手术切除小脑蚓部较大病灶以及左侧丘脑较小病灶。术后均给予标准抗结核治疗2个月,停用吡嗪酰胺,其它3联化疗3个月～1年。16例术后病理检查均诊断为脑结核瘤。1例小脑半球较大病灶术后并发严重肺部感染、电解质紊乱,最终死亡;其余15例术后随访1年,改良Rankin量表评分0分,未见复发。结论 西藏地区结核病高发,对颅内占位性病变,需重视与脑结核瘤鉴别。部分具有手术指征的脑结核瘤,积极手术治疗,联合术后规范抗结核治疗,疗效满意。     

脑结核瘤的诊断和手术治疗

目的提高脑结核瘤的诊断和手术治疗水平.方法回顾性分析14例脑结核瘤的临床表现、诊断方式和手术疗效.结果13例全切除,1例全切加减压,术后均予正规的抗结核药物治疗.除1例死亡外,其余全部治愈出院.结论脑结核瘤的诊断应结合临床表现、影像学特点、实验室检查和抗结核疗效进行综合分析.在严格掌握适应证的情况下,手术治疗效果良好.