乙、丙型肝炎病毒及幽门螺杆菌在慢性肝炎、肝硬化患者胃黏膜的表达

目的 探讨乙、丙型肝炎病毒(HBV、HCV)的泛嗜性及幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)感染的关系。方法 选择慢性乙型肝炎(慢肝)28例、乙型肝炎后肝硬化(肝硬化)44例,共72例作为观察组,无肝病的胃病患者30例作为对照组。受检者常规胃镜检查,取胃窦幽门周围3cm以内活体组织3块,除普通病理检查外,分别做乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原(HBcAg)、丙型肝炎病毒抗原(HCVAg)检测及快速尿素酶、品红染色和免疫组化法检测H.pylori抗原(HPAg)。结果 慢肝组有不同程度的胃黏膜慢性炎症者达92.9％(26/28)、肝硬化组为95.5％(42/44)。排除年龄影响因素外,慢肝组以单纯慢性炎症为多,而肝硬化组以伴萎缩和肠化者多。72例慢性肝病者中有51例胃黏膜HBVAg阳性,其中HBsAg、HBcAg双阳性31例。肝硬化组HBsAg或HBcAg表达及HBsAg、HBcAg双阳性者均高于慢肝组(P均<0.05)。51例慢性肝病胃黏膜中有33例占64.7％有HCVAg表达;其中22例占52.4％与HBsAg或(和)HBcAg同时表达。在慢肝和肝硬化组有炎症的胃黏膜中H.pylori阳性率分别为67.9％(20/26)、69.0％(29/42),与对照组相比无显著差别。慢性肝病H.Pylori阳性、阴性者胃黏膜HBV抗原表达率分别为69.8％(37/53)、73.7％(14/19),亦无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 (1)HBV、H     

乙、丙型肝炎病毒在慢性肝炎、肝硬化患者胃黏膜表达的临床研究

目的:探讨乙、丙型肝炎病毒(HBV、HCV)的泛嗜性.方法:选择慢性乙、丙型肝炎(慢肝组)28例、肝炎肝硬化(肝硬化组)44例,共72例作为研究对象.受检者常规胃镜检查,取胃窦幽门周围3cm以内活体组织两块,除普通病理检查外,分别做乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原(HBcAg)、丙型肝炎病毒抗原(HCVAg)免疫组化法检测.结果:慢肝组有不同程度的胃黏膜慢性炎症者达92.9%(26/28)、肝硬化组达95.5%(42/44),排除年龄影响因素外,慢肝组以单纯慢性炎症为多,而肝硬化组以伴萎缩和肠化者为多.慢肝组与肝硬化组患者分别有53.6%(15/28)、81.8%(36/44)胃黏膜HBVAg阳性,其中HBsAg、HBcAg双阳性31例.在51例患者胃黏膜HCVAg检测中有33例(占64.7%)阳性表达、66.7%(22/33)与HBcAg同时表达.肝硬化组HBVAg及HBsAg、HBcAg双阳性者均高于慢肝组(P值均＜0.05).结论:HBV、HCV在慢性及肝硬化患者胃黏膜表达明显,应重视其在胃黏膜病变发病中的作用,并加强防护措施.     

隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染者临床特点和肝组织病理学检查

目的了解血清肝炎病毒标志物阴性、肝功能反复异常患者中HBV隐匿性感染的比例及其临床和病理学特点。方法对27例血清肝炎病毒标志物阴性、肝功能反复异常患者采用免疫组化法检测肝组织HBsAg、HBcAg和HCVAg，并进行常规的病理学检查。结果肝组织HBsAg和（或）HBcAg阳性9例（33．3％）；HBsAg和（或）HBcAg及HCVAg阳性10例（37．0％）；全阴性8例（29．6％）。在HBV隐匿性感染的19例患者中，慢性肝炎8例，肝硬化11例。结论HBV和HCV感染为血清肝炎病毒标志物阴性患者肝功能反复异常的主要原因之一，尤其是HBV感染。这种HBV隐匿性感染与慢性肝炎、肝硬化的发生关系密切，应引起重视。     

HBsAg阴性慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者的临床与病理分析

目的研究HBsAg阴性慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者的临床和病理特点,探讨其在不明原因肝病中的发病情况及临床意义。方法对62例HBsAg阴性不明原因反复肝功能异常的慢性肝炎患者用巢式PCR方法检测患者血清HBV—DNA,并行肝组织活检,免疫组化检测肝组织中HB—sAg和HBcAg,排除常见嗜肝病毒感染及其它原因的肝损害。结果62例HBsAg阴性不明原因肝炎患者中血清HBV—DNA阳性11例,其中2例荧光定量PCR阳性（2／62）,9例巢式PCR阳性（9／60）,阳性率为17．74％（11／62）,肝组织病理及免疫组化亦证实为慢性乙型病毒性肝炎。对照组2例阳性（2／25,8％）,两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论HBsAg阴性慢性HBV感染是不明原冈肝病的主要原因之一。     

乙型病毒性肝炎患者幽门螺杆菌感染的临床分析

为探讨乙型病毒性肝炎患者幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染情况及其临床意义。以163例乙肝患者为研究对象,检测Hp感染及乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染与复制指标,结合临床资料进行分析,结果显示急性乙型肝炎患者Hp感染率与对照组比较无差异性,慢性HBV感染者Hp感染率显著升高,有显著性差异;HBV复制指标阳性率在Hp感染组明显高于Hp非感染组,差异有显著性;慢性HBV感染者消化性溃疡的发病率明显增高;Hp根治后,肝功能无明显改变,但肝炎肝硬化患者血氨水平明显下降。提示慢性HBV感染者Hp感染率明显增高,在慢性肝病患者中HBeAg阳性或HBV-DNA阳性为Hp感染的危险因子,Hp感染的慢性HBV感染者消化性溃疡的发病率明显升高,根治Hp感染有助于防治肝性脑病。     

慢性乙型肝炎肝组织内HBsAg、HBcAg的表达及临床研究进展

一直以来临床将血清乙型肝炎e抗原(HBeAg)、乙肝病毒DNA(HBV DNA)阳性作为乙肝病毒复制的标志,随着肝穿活检及抗病毒治疗的研究进展,肝活检组织中乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)和乙肝核心抗原(HBcAg)的表达模式与血清乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA定量、肝组织炎症活动度分级及纤维化分期之间关系的临床研究日益增多,本文就HBsAg和HBcAg在肝组织的表达模式及临床研究进展综述如下.     

慢性肝病的乙型肝炎病毒RNA转录体与DNA

为了研究乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的基因表达与肝病的关系,作者对30例成人慢性肝病患者作了肝活检.血清HBsAg阳性组17例,其中男性10例,女性7例。肝活检组织呈非特异性改变者3例,慢性持续性肝炎4例,慢性活动性肝     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV复制标志物与肝组织HBsAg和HBcAg抗原表达的相关性研究

目的探讨血清HBV复制标志物与肝组织HBsAg和HBcAg抗原表达的相关性。方法用免疫组化法检测肝组织HBsAg、HBcAg,与血清HBeAg和/或HBV DNA进行相关性比较。结果血清HBeAg阳性与阴性组中肝组织HBsAg阳性率无显著性差异,而血清HBeAg阳性者肝组织HBcAg阳性率显著高于HBeAg阴性者;血清HBV DNA阳性与阴性组中肝组织HBsAg阳性率无显著性差异,但血清HBV DNA阳性者肝组织HBcAg阳性率显著高于HBV DNA阴性者。结论血清HBeAg和HBV DNA水平与肝组织HBcAg阳性率呈正相关。     

隐匿性HBV感染者血清HBV M和肝组织病理学特点分析

目的：观察隐匿性HBV感染（OBI）者血清HBV M和肝组织病理学特点。方法在临床表现为OBI的慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者36例、肝硬化（LC）患者29例和原发性肝癌（PLC）患者22例,常规检测血清HBV M和HBV DNA,对CHB患者行肝活检,采用免疫组化法检测HBsAg和HBcAg。结果在CHB、LC和PLC患者,血清HBV DNA分别为（4.26±1.82）lgcopies/ml （P＆lt;0.05）、（3.13±1.43）lgcopies/ml和（2.78±1.26）lgcopies/ml;在36例CHB患者,肝组织HBsAg阳性8例（22.2%）,HBcAg阳性15例（41.7%）,HBsAg/HBcAg同时阳性9例（25.0%）;在三组患者中,血清HBV M以抗-HBc阳性最多见,分别为15例（41.7%）、12例（41.4%）和12例（54.5%）;在36例CHB患者,肝组织呈 G1、G2、G3和G4构成比分别为16.7%（6/36）、30.5%（11/36）、33.3%（12/36）和19.4%（7/36）,S1、S2、S3和S4构成比分别为11.1%（4/36）、22.2%（8/36）、50%（18/36）和16.7%（6/36）;在本组87例患者中有HBV感染家族史者57例（65.5%）。结论 OBI可引起慢性肝病病变进展,甚至导致肝硬化和肝癌的发生。血清抗-HBc阳性和HBV感染家族史是OBI发生的高危指标。单纯检测血清HBV DNA易造成OBI漏诊,及时行肝组织学检查可提高OBI诊断率。     

83例肝病患者临床与肝组织病理学分析

目的通过对83例肝病患者的临床与肝组织病理学检查的对比研究,以提高临床诊断的准确性。方法用全自动生化分析仪进行血清生化指标检测,ELISA法检测HBV血清标志物,同时进行肝组织病理检查,检测肝组织HBsAg和HBcAg的表达。结果51例血清HBsAg阳性者肝细胞中均有HBsAg和/或HBcAg表达,32例血清HB-sAg阴性者有9例(28.1%)肝组织中有HBsAg和/或HBcAg表达。75例慢性肝病患者中ALT在各炎症分级组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),AST和TBIL在不同的肝脏炎症分级组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且炎症分级越高,AST和TBIL升高越明显;ALT、AST、TBIL值在肝脏纤维化S2期最高。以病理诊断为标准,临床慢性肝炎轻度和中度的诊断准确率分别为61.9%(13/21)和62.5%(20/32),肝硬化的临床诊断准确率为40%。结论以肝组织病理检查为金标准,肝病临床诊断的准确率仍较低。为提高慢性肝病的临床确诊率,应尽可能行肝组织病理学检查。     

乙型肝炎后肝硬化胃粘膜病变发病因素探讨

探讨乙型肝炎后肝硬化胃粘膜病变发病因素。102例肝病或非肝病因伴有胃病行胃镜检查的患者，取胃窦小弯距幽门周围(2—3)cm处粘膜3块，分别做快速尿素酶试验及嗜伊红、品红染色，并行免疫组化检测幽门螺旋杆菌HPlgG型抗原。发现肝硬化组(LC组)与慢性肝炎组(HB组)有不同程度胃粘膜炎症达95．5％(42／4)、53．6％(15／28)；前者萎缩、肠化多于后者(P＜0．05)。上述两组乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)抗原表达率分别为81．8％(36／44)、53．6％(15／28)；前者多于后者(P＜0．05)。与非肝病胃病患者30例相比，LC组、HB组HP阳性率无明显差别(P＞0．05)。说明门脉高压及HBV是LC胃粘膜病变的主要发病因素。     

40岁以上HBeAg阳性和阴性慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者的临床特点比较

目的探讨40岁以上HBeAg阳性和HBeAg阴性慢性HBV感染者的临床特点。方法收集40岁以上慢性HBV感染者共186例,其中HBeAg阳性组93例,HBeAg阴性组93例。结果 40岁以上HBeAg阳性慢性HBV感染者男性为多(76.34%),并且多有乙型肝炎家族聚集现象(78.49%);40岁以上HBeAg阳性慢性HBV感染者的HBV DNA水平与ALT水平均高于HBeAg阴性慢性HBV感染者;40岁以上乙型肝炎肝硬化患者中,HBeAg阳性者占少数;40岁以上乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者中,HBeAg阳性者多合并腹水形成,而HBeAg阴性者既可见腹水形成,又可见上消化道出血。结论 40岁以上HBeAg阳性慢性HBV感染者多见于男性,多具有家族聚集现象,HBeAg阳性肝硬化患者所占比率较低,但HBV DNA水平较高,肝脏的炎症活动明显,病情进展可能较快。     

乙型肝炎患者胆囊黏膜中病毒抗原表达分析

目的通过对慢性乙型肝炎患者的胆囊组织进行HBsAg、HBcAg的检测,了解乙型肝炎病毒在胆囊黏膜组织中的定位及分布状况以及对胆囊功能的影响,探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者胆囊病变与乙肝病毒（HBV）感染的关系.方法以鼠抗-HBs单克隆抗体、兔抗-HBc多克隆抗体,采用免疫组化S-P（SP）法,检测胆囊黏膜组织中的HBsAg和HBcAg.血清乙型肝炎病毒感染标志物阳性患者石蜡包埋胆囊标本29例为研究对象,血清乙型肝炎病毒感染标志物检测阴性患者的胆囊标本12例为对照组.乙肝病毒血清学检查用ELISA法检测.结果（1）乙型肝炎患者胆囊黏膜中存在HBsAg和HBcAg,29例患者胆囊黏膜组织中HBsAg的检出率为37.9%（11/29）,HBcAg的检出率为20.68%（6/29）.对照组HBsAg和HBcAg各有1例阳性,阳性率为8.3%（1/12）,HBsAg主要呈弥漫胞浆型分布,光镜下呈棕黄色颗粒沉积,主要分布在胆囊黏膜上皮细胞中,HBcAg的分布呈胞浆型和核型两种形态,见于腺上皮细胞和成纤维细胞中;（2）HBV病毒抗原阳性组和阴性组均呈慢性炎症性改变,胆囊黏膜组织的病理改变无明显差异;（3）胆囊息肉与HBV病毒感染的关系密切,肝癌患者的癌旁组织和胆囊黏膜中病毒抗原表达明显.结论乙型肝炎病毒感染者的胆囊黏膜中存在HBV病毒抗原,提示乙型肝炎病毒在肝外组织胆囊黏膜中也存在感染.     

Profile of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B.

BACKGROUND: Although chronic hepatitis B occurs in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative patients, its prevalence and clinical significance are not known. AIM: To determine the prevalence and profile of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 363 consecutive patients (mean age 36 y; 288 men) with chronic HBV infection was performed. All patients were HBsAg-positive. Tests for liver profile, HBeAg and anti-HBe antibody were performed in all patients. Serum HBV DNA was tested using branched DNA assay in 245 patients. The patients were classified into three groups: no cirrhosis with normal ALT levels, no cirrhosis with elevated ALT levels, and clinical or histological evidence of cirrhosis. RESULTS: Of 363 patients, 141 (39%) were HBeAg-positive and 222 (61%) HBeAg-negative. Of HBeAg-negative patients, 120 (54%) had normal ALT, 45 (20%) had elevated ALT and 57 (26%) had evidence of cirrhosis; corresponding figures in the HBeAg-positive patients were 40 (28%), 66 (47%) and 35 (25%). HBV DNA was positive in 53 of 131 (40%) HBeAg-negative patients tested; of these 53 patients, 9 (17%) had normal ALT, 20 (38%) had elevated ALT and 24 (45%) had cirrhosis. Thus, 72% of HBeAg-positive and 46% of HBeAg-negative patients had elevated ALT and/or cirrhosis. Among the latter group, 83% of HBV DNA-positive patients had elevated ALT and/or cirrhosis. Overall, 18% of HBsAg-positive patients had HBeAg-negative, HBV DNA-positive liver disease. CONCLUSION: HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B is not an uncommon and benign entity and chronic liver disease develops in a significant proportion of such patients.     

Relationship between levels of DNA damage in lymphocytes and histopathological severity of chronic hepatitis C and various clinical forms of hepatitis B

BACKGROUND AND AIM: A significant proportion of cancer is attributable to DNA damage caused by chronic infection and inflammation. Because both hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively) cause chronic infection and inflammatory disease, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether there is a difference in peripheral DNA damage in patients with chronic HCV compared with patients with chronic HBV; and whether there is an association in the level of peripheral DNA damage with a natural history of HBV infection. METHODS: Twenty patients with chronic hepatitis C, 20 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 11 patients with cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis B, 12 inactive hepatitis B s antigen (HBsAg) carriers and 21 healthy subjects were included in the study. The DNA damage in lymphocytes was determined using the alkaline comet assay. RESULTS: Although the chronic hepatitis C group had similar levels of DNA damage compared with patients with cirrhosis due to hepatitis B (P > 0.05) and non-cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis B (P > 0.05), they had higher levels of DNA damage compared with inactive HBsAg carriers (P = 0.021) and controls (P = 0.001). Hepatitis B cirrhotic patients and patients with chronic hepatitis B had significantly higher levels of DNA damage than inactive HBsAg carriers (P = 0.002 and P = 0.012, respectively) and controls (both P = 0.001). Linear logistic regression analysis showed that chronic hepatitis C and HBV-related cirrhosis were discriminators in determining DNA damage in lymphocytes (beta 0.424 and P = 0.013, beta 0.393 and P = 0.016, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic hepatitis C, based on the severity of liver disease, or cirrhosis as an advanced form of HBV infection increase DNA damage in lymphocytes independently of confounding factors such as age, gender, body mass index and smoking habits.     

Hepatitis B core and surface antigen expression in HBeAg and HBV DNA positive chronic hepatitis B: correlation with clinical and histological parameters

The interrelationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatic injury and clinical activity in chronic HBV infection is incompletely understood. We have scored histologic activity, the expression of hepatitis B core (HBcAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and assessed HBV replication to correlate HBV antigen expression with histologic disease. Forty-seven formalin-fixed, percutaneous liver biopsies from HBeAg carriers were studied. Twenty-nine were Black, 16 Caucasian and two Oriental. Fifty-nine percent had chronic active, 35% chronic persistent hepatitis and 14% cirrhosis. None were positive for antibodies to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HBsAg and HBcAg in tissue were detected by immunochemical staining. Diffuse HBsAg staining was observed in 10/15 patients with CPH, but there was no correlation between histologic score and HBsAg expression. Intracytoplasmic HBcAg was observed in patients seroconverting to anti-HBe, but was also detected in patients with minimal hepatitis. An inverse correlation between histologic score and HBcAg expression was observed. HBcAg expression was more widespread in patients with CPH (mean 37%) than in CAH (mean 18%). A positive correlation was observed between serum aminotransferase concentrations and histologic score. Although no consistent pattern can be discerned, HBcAg expression and hepatic injury are frequently dissociated in patients with chronic HBV infection; complex host responses may determine the variable degree of disease activity and hepatic injury.     

幽门螺杆菌及胃粘膜肠上皮化生与CD_(44)V_6表达的关系

目的　探讨幽门螺杆菌 (Hp)感染及慢性萎缩性胃窦炎伴肠上皮化生与CD4 4V6表达程度之间的关系。方法　以单克隆抗体及免疫组化技术等方法对Hp阴性单纯慢性胃炎、Hp阴性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生、Hp阳性萎缩性胃窦炎伴肠上皮化生、胃窦腺癌的胃镜下活检组织标本进行测定分析。结果　在Hp阴性单纯性胃炎组粘膜上皮未见CD4 4V6表达 ,Hp阴性萎缩性胃窦炎伴肠上皮化生、Hp阳性萎缩性胃窦炎伴肠上皮化生、胃窦腺癌各组CD4 4V6表达程度依次逐渐升高 ,各组之间比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　CD4 4V6的表达可能是上皮细胞癌前病变出现的早期生物学信号 ,肠上皮化生细胞可能诱导CD4 4V6的表达 ,而Hp感染则有促进这种诱导表达的作用。     

HBV C基因启动子变异及基因型与肝硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)C基因启动子(CP)和前C区基因变异及HBV基因型与肝硬化的关系。方法通过DNA扩增、基因序列分析检测44例慢性乙型肝炎(CH)、29例肝硬化(LC)患者的血清HBVS基因序列确定其基因型,测定HBVCP和前C区序列确定其变异状况。结果LC患者CP双变异(nt1762A→T和1764G→A)发生率(72.4%)显著高于CH(45.5%),P<0.05;LC患者C型检出率(69.0%)显著高于CH(43.2%),P<0.05;C型HBV感染者的CP双变异发生率(69.2%)显著高于B型感染者(44.1%),P<0.05。结论CP双变异与C基因型密切相关,并且导致病情向肝硬化发展。