重组人TRAIL蛋白联合顺铂对人卵巢癌细胞生长及凋亡的影响

背景与目的：研究发现肿瘤坏死因子的相关凋亡诱导配体(tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand,TRAIL)可以增强化疗药物对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用。本研究旨在探讨TRAIL与顺铂联合应用对体外培养的卵巢癌细胞SKOV3和OVCAR3生长凋亡的影响及可能的诱导机制。方法：利用MTT法和流式细胞仪检测在顺铂和重组人TRAIL蛋白共同作用下,SKOV3和OVCAR3细胞的增殖抑制效应及细胞凋亡程度;并应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RTFQ-PCR)检测药物处理后TRAIL死亡受体DR4、DR5的mRNA表达水平;同时用蛋白[质]印迹法(Western blot)检测DR4、DR5的蛋白表达水平。结果：SKOV3和OVCAR3细胞均对TRAIL蛋白敏感,随着TRAIL蛋白浓度的升高,细胞的生长抑制率可达64%;而TRAIL与顺铂联合用药对两种细胞的抑制率均达到92%以上,对细胞的增殖抑制呈现高效协同作用,与单独用药组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);TRAIL和顺铂联合组两种细胞凋亡率分别为(31.50±0.79)%和(36.60±1.31)%,显著高于单独用药组;RTFQ-PCR和Western blot检测结果显示,SKOV3和OVCAR3细胞在TRAIL与顺铂联合用药后,死亡受体DR4、DR5表达水平均显著上调。结论：在体外,TRAIL与化疗药物顺铂联用能明显抑制卵巢癌细胞增殖,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。TRAIL能明显增强顺铂对卵巢癌细胞的敏感性,其诱导机制可能与死亡受体DR4、DR5表达水平上调有关。     

卡铂联合TRAIL对肺癌A549细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:观察卡铂联合TNF相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)对人肺腺癌细胞A549增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:经20、40、80 μg/mL卡铂和100 ng/μL TRAIL单用或联用处理后,用MTS法检测A549细胞的增殖能力,在光镜下观察细胞形态学变化;并采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况;RT-PCR和Western blot法检测死亡受体4(DR4)、死亡受体5(DR5)、Survivin和X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白基因(XIAP)mRNA与蛋白表达的变化。结果:卡铂和TRAIL单用或联用均可浓度依赖性抑制A549细胞的增殖,诱导其凋亡,两药联用比单用卡铂时抑制率和凋亡率更高(P<0.05)。单用卡铂或TRAIL可使A549细胞数减少,漂浮细胞增多,出现明显的凋亡形态变化,且明显降低Survivin和XIAP的mRNA和蛋白表达水平(P均<0.05);但对A549细胞DR4和DR5 mRNA表达均无明显影响,而单用卡铂或TRAIL却能升高A549细胞DR5蛋白的表达(P<0.05)。与单用组相比,TRAIL与卡铂联用A549细胞凋亡形态变化更明显,可明显降低A549细胞Survivin和XIAP mRNA和蛋白的表达水平及升高DR5蛋白表达水平(P<0.05)。结论:卡铂与TRAIL联用可协同抑制肺癌细胞A549细胞增殖,促进其凋亡,且与卡铂能够增加A549细胞DR5蛋白的表达和降低Survivin及XIAP的表达相关。     

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体对白血病NB4和K562细胞的作用及与其受体表达的关系

 【摘要】　目的　探讨肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体 （TRAIL）对白血病NB4和K562细胞的作用及与其受体表达的关系。方法　以Jurkat细胞株为阳性对照,采用不同浓度的TRAIL分别作用于NB4和K562细胞,观察细胞形态;采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）比色法检测细胞生长情况;用流式细胞术检测细胞表面TRAIL受体的表达情况。结果　TRAIL作用导致NB4细胞株生存率显著下降,但弱于Jurkat细胞株,其变化具有TRAIL作用时间和浓度依赖性;对K562细胞株生存率的影响不明显。NB4细胞表面死亡受体4（DR4）和DR5表达水平较高,同时诱骗受体1（DcR1）表达较高;K562细胞DR5表达水平较高,而DR4及DcR1微量表达;Jurkat细胞表面仅DR5低水平表达;DcR2在三株细胞表面均无表达。结论　NB4细胞对TRAIL中度敏感,K562细胞对TRAIL耐受;NB4细胞敏感性较低可能与DcR1表达有关,K562细胞耐受性与其表面TRAIL受体表达无关。     

TRAIL受体在人肝细胞癌中的表达及TRAIL诱导的肝癌细胞凋亡

目的 研究了RAIL受体在肝癌组织及肝癌细胞中的表达,探讨肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)及其受体在肝癌细胞凋亡诱导中的作用。 方法 应用RT-PCR法和免疫组化方法检测肝癌组织及细胞系SK-Hepl中TRAIL受体的表达,并以TRAIL蛋白和γ-干扰素作用于SK-Hepl细胞,观察其对细胞的凋亡诱导作用。 结果 在肝癌组织及肝癌SK-Hepl细胞系中均可检测到TRAIL受体,其中,死亡受体DR4、DR5在肝癌、癌旁组织以及SK-Hepl肝癌细胞系中均呈高表达,而诱骗受体DcR1及DcR2呈低表达,明显低于正常组织。TRAIL对肝癌细胞有凋亡诱导作用,与干扰素的协同时,其作用明显增强。 结论 肝癌组织中存在着TRAIL受体的表达,TRAIL可诱导肝癌SK-Hepl细胞系凋亡,其作用与DR4、DR5的高表达有关。     

奥沙利铂通过上调死亡受体表达增强TRAIL诱导胃癌细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的:研究奥沙利铂对TRAIL诱导胃癌细胞凋亡的影响,探讨死亡受体5(DR5)在TRAIL诱导细胞凋亡中的作用.方法:采用MTT法测定细胞活力、采用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,采用Western blot检测DR5蛋白表达.结果:100ng/ml的TRAIL导致轻度的增殖抑制,诱导不超过5%的细胞凋亡;TRAIL(100ng/ml)联合奥沙利铂(23.44μg/ml)引起明显的细胞增殖抑制和细胞凋亡(P＜0.05),TRAIL没有明显改变死亡受体5(DR5)的表达,而23.44 μg/ml奥沙利铂作用胃癌细胞24小时后,明显上调了DR5的表达.结论:奥沙利铂通过上调DR5的表达增强TRAIL诱导的胃癌细胞凋亡.     

肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体对人骨肉瘤的作用

目的研究肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体（TRAIL）对人骨肉瘤的作用,以及此作用与TRAIL受体（TRAILR）在人骨肉瘤中表达的相关性。方法应用原位杂交、Western blot方法检测人骨肉瘤细胞系MG-63及新鲜骨肉瘤组织块中TRAILR的表达;将在大肠杆菌中表达的TRAIL纯化后用于MG-63及新鲜骨肉瘤组织块,同法处理人白血病细胞株Jurkat作为阳性对照。MTT法检测细胞毒作用;流式细胞术检测凋亡,光镜下观察形态学变化,计数细胞,绘制生长曲线,测定细胞倍增时间。结果人骨肉瘤中死亡受体DR4、DR5呈高表达而诱惑受体DcR1、DcR2呈低表达,但TRAIL抑制人骨肉瘤细胞增殖而不能诱导其凋亡,MG-63在TRAIL作用下变肥大且呈编织排列。结论人骨肉瘤细胞对TRAIL耐受与其诱惑受体表达无关,TRAIL能改变体外培养的人骨肉瘤细胞形态及增殖动力学。     

TRAIL及其受体在乳腺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体（TRAIL）及其受体（DR4、DR5、DcR1、DcR2）在乳腺癌组织的表达及意义。方法用反转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测60例乳腺癌及对应的正常乳腺组织中TRAIL及其受体的表达。结果乳腺癌组织中TRAIL、DcR1、DcR2表达均低于正常乳腺组织(P＜0.05),且TRAIL及其受体的表达与乳腺癌的分期、分级等无关(P＞0.05)。结论TRAIL及其受体在乳腺癌凋亡过程中起着重要的作用,TRAIL及其诱骗受体低表达同乳腺癌的发生关系密切。     

紫杉醇提高胃癌MGC803细胞对TRAIL的敏感性

目的：研究紫杉醇对TRAIL诱导胃癌细胞凋亡的影响,探讨死亡受体5（DR5）在TRAIL诱导细胞凋亡中的作用。方法：采用MTT法测定细胞活力,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,western blot检测蛋白表达。结果：在MGC803细胞中,100ng/ml的TRAIL导致轻度的增殖抑制和细胞凋亡,TRAIL（100ng/ml）联合紫杉醇（3.41g/ml）引起明显的增殖抑制和细胞凋亡（P〈0.05）。TRAIL单药没有改变死亡受体5（DR5）的表达,而3.41g/ml紫杉醇作用MGC803细胞后明显上调了DR5的表达。结论：紫杉醇通过上调DR5的表达增强TRAIL诱导的胃癌MGC803细胞凋亡。     

藤黄酸联合肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体诱导人结肠癌HT-29细胞凋亡的效果和机制

背景与目的：肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体（tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand,TRAIL）能选择性地杀伤肿瘤细胞,但多种肿瘤对其耐药。该研究旨在探讨藤黄酸（gambognic acid,GA）与TRAIL联合对人结肠癌HT-29细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长的影响及GA联合TRAIL抗结肠癌的作用机制。方法: 建立人结肠癌HT-29细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,测定TRAIL和（或）GA对裸鼠移植瘤的影响,采用H-E染色观察肿瘤组织形态结构改变,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡状况;HT-29细胞经过siRNA干扰Nrf2表达后,通过AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI双染检测细胞凋亡情况,流式细胞术检测细胞内活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）含量,RT-PCR法检测Nrf2、Bcl-2、Bax和DR5 mRNA的表达水平。结果: 联合应用GA显著促进了TRAIL对裸鼠皮下移植瘤的生长抑制（抑瘤率达67.0%）和诱导凋亡作用,下调了组织中Nrf2、Bcl-2的表达,增强了Bax和DR5的表达;与阴性对照siRNA相比,Nrf2干扰能明显上调TRAIL诱导HT-29细胞的凋亡率,提高ROS含量,下调Nrf2和Bcl-2表达,上调Bax和DR5表达。结论: GA可能是通过下调Nrf2表达,使ROS水平升高而激活线粒体凋亡途径与死亡受体途径,从而逆转人结肠癌HT-29细胞体内外对TRAIL的耐药性。     

Potentiation of TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in TRAIL-Resistant Cholangiocarcinoma Cells by Curcumin through the Induction of DR5 Membrane Localization and Disruption of the Anti-Apoptotic Complex DR5/DDX3/GSK3β

Objective: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer of the bile duct with a poor prognosis. The present study examined the ability of curcumin to sensitize apoptosis in the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-resistant CCA cell lines of HuCCA-1 and KKU-213A. Methods: Apoptosis was measured using a TUNEL assay. Protein expression was determined by immunoblotting. Membrane death receptor 5 (DR5) was detected by flow cytometry. Protein complex was examined by co-immunoprecipitation. Result: Curcumin potentiated TRAIL-induced apoptosis in both cell lines, indicating the sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by curcumin. Additionally, curcumin increased DR5 expression and membrane localization; however, the curcumin/TRAIL combination did not result in further increases in DR5 expression and membrane localization in either cell line. Moreover, the curcumin/TRAIL combination reduced DR5/decoy receptor 2 (DcR2) complexes in both cell lines, suggesting that curcumin may enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis by disrupting DR5/DcR2 interaction. In addition, levels of the anti-apoptotic complex DR5/ DDX3/GSK3β were reduced by the curcumin/TRAIL combination in HuCCA-1 but not in KKU-213A cells. This study also demonstrated that the DR5/DcR2 and DR5/DDX3/GSK3β complexes could be observed under basal conditions, suggesting that these anti-apoptotic complexes may contribute to TRAIL-resistant phenotypes in both cell lines. Pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine attenuated curcumin-enhanced apoptosis by TRAIL, indicating that curcumin sensitized TRAIL-induced apoptosis through an oxidative stress–dependent mechanism. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the potential of using curcumin in combination with TRAIL to yield better TRAIL therapy outcomes in TRAIL-resistant CCA.     

TRAIL及其受体在膀胱癌中的表达及相关性研究

目的:观察肿瘤坏死因子相关诱导凋亡配体(TRAIL)及其受体DR4、DcR1在膀胱癌组织及正常膀胱黏膜中的表达,并探讨其与临床病理特征间的相关性.方法:采用免疫组织化学PV9001二步法检测64例膀胱癌石蜡标本及14例正常膀胱组织中的TRAIL、DR4、DcR1的表达,结合患者病理资料,分析其与患者临床病理特征之间的关系.结果:TRAIL、DR4在膀胱癌组织中的表达较正常组织中的表达低,DcR1表达与之相反(P<0.05).进一步统计分析得出TRAIL、DR4在高分化膀胱癌中表达较中低分化癌高,DcR1与之相反(P<0.05).TRAIL、DR4、DcR1的表达与性别、年龄、临床分期及是否淋巴转移等病理特征无关(P>0.05).结论:TRAIL、DR4、DcR1在膀胱癌组织及正常组织中的表达具有统计学差异,并且与病理分级具有一定的相关性,与其他临床病理特征无关.     

Aberrant methylation of trail decoy receptor genes is frequent in multiple tumor types

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively induces programmed cell death (apoptosis) in various cancer cells but not in normal cells. TRAIL is known to bind to 4 different receptors, 2 proapoptotic (DR4 and DR5), and 2 potentially antiapoptotic receptors lacking death domains (DcR1 and DcR2). Aberrant promoter methylation and resultant silencing of tumor suppressor genes play an important role in the pathogenesis of many tumor types. Recently aberrant methylation of TRAIL decoy receptors was reported in pediatric tumor cell lines and neuroblastomas. We examined the methylation and expression status of TRAIL receptor genes in cancers of breast, lung, mesothelioma, prostate, bladder, cervix, ovary, brain and in hematopoietic malignancies. Aberrant methylation of DcR1 or DcR2 was present in 70% of primary breast cancers, 31% of primary lung cancers, in 63% of primary malignant mesothelioma (MM), in 60% of prostate cancer, in 42% of bladder cancer, in 100% of cervical cancer, in 43% of ovarian cancer, in 41% of lymphoma, in 26% of leukemia and in 56% of multiple myeloma. Methylation of DR4 and DR5 was rare in all the tumor types examined. Methylation of all the 4 receptors was rare in non malignant tissues. In cell lines, aberrant methylation of DcR1 was present in 11 of 23 (48%) breast, 10 of 27 (37%) lung and 3 of 7 (43%) MM, whereas aberrant methylation of DcR2 was present in 17 of 23 (74%) breast, 13 of 27 (48%) lung and 5 of 7 (71%) MM. The concordance between loss of gene expression and aberrant methylation ranged from 70-100%. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored DcR1 and DcR2 expression in 9 methylated cell lines confirming that aberrant methylation was the cause for silencing of DcR1 and DcR2 expression. Our results demonstrate that DcR1 and DcR2 genes are frequently methylated in various tumor types, and that the role of decoy receptors in tumor pathogenesis needs to be re-evaluated.     

TRAIL及其受体DR4、DcR1在大肠癌及癌旁组织中的表达

 目的研究人肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand,TRAIL)及其受体DR4、DcR1在大肠癌和癌旁组织中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测42例大肠癌及其癌旁5cm组织、25例正常大肠粘膜组织中TRAIL及其受体DR4、DcR1表达水平。结果TRAIL及DR4在大肠癌、癌旁组织及正常大肠粘膜组织中的表达呈递增趋势,而DcR1的表达则与之相反(P<0.05);TRAIL和DR4在中、低分化癌中的表达明显低于高分化癌中的表达,而DcR1的表达则与之相反(P<0.01);TRAIL、DR4、DcR1的表达与肿瘤的病理类型、Duke′s分期及淋巴结转移与否等因素无关(P>0.05)。结论TRAIL、DR4、DcR1可能与大肠癌的发生、发展密切相关;DR4可能在TRAIL诱导的凋亡通路中发挥一定作用,而DcR1的表达与否一定程度上决定了TRAIL能否发挥其生物效应。     

香加皮杠柳苷联用TRAIL对胃癌SGC-7901和MGC-803细胞的作用及其机制

目的:探讨香加皮杠柳苷(cortex periplocae,CPP)联用肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand,TRAIL)对胃癌细胞的作用及其机制.方法:人胃癌细胞系SGC-7901、MGC-803培养完成后,采用50、100、200 ng/ml的CPP和1μg/ml的TRAIL单用或联合处理.MTS法检测SGC-7901和MGC-803细胞的增殖情况,流式细胞术检测其凋亡率,Westcm boltting检测pro-BID、Mcl-l、cleaved caspase-3、DR4、DR5的表达水平.结果:SGC-7901和MGC-803细胞经CPP (50、100、200 ng/ml)和TRAIL(1 μg/ml)联合处理24 h后,细胞增殖率明显低于空白对照组和对应的CPP各剂量单独处理组(/＜0.05或P＜0.01).SGC-7901和MGC-803细胞凋亡率均明显高于空白对照组和对应的CPP各剂量单独处理组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).SGC-7901和MGC-803细胞中pro-BID、Mcl-1表达水平明显降低(均P＜0.05),cleaved caspase-3表达水平明显升高(P＜0.05),DR4和DR5受体的表达水平升高(均P＜0.05).结论:CPP协同TRAIL可明显诱导人胃癌SGC-7901和MGC-803细胞凋亡,增强人胃癌细胞对TRAIL的敏感性.     

可溶性肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的研究

方法 采用原位杂交方法检测肝癌组织、肝癌细胞株以及正常肝组织中TRAILR的表达。采用不同浓度TRAIL蛋白处理肝癌细胞株Hep2和SMMC7721,应用流式细胞仪和原位末端标记,观察经药物处理前后该细胞株的凋亡发生率。结果 60例肝癌组织及20例正常肝组织均表达死亡受体DR5和DR4,但肝癌组织DR表达量显著强于正常肝组织。54例(90．0％)肝癌组织不表达诱捕受体DcR1,25例(41．7％)肝癌组织不表达DcR2,而20例正常肝组织均表达DcR。肝癌组织中DR的高表达及DcR的低表达,不同于正常肝组织中DR的低表达及DcR的高表达,两者间差异有显著性。两种肝癌细胞株中均可检测到DR5、DR4、DcR2的表达,但DcR1表达缺失。肝癌组织中DR的表达与肿瘤的分化、肿瘤分期有关,低分化的肿瘤DR表达减少(P＜0．01),Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肿瘤DR表达显著低于I、Ⅱ期(P＜0．05)。DR表达与患者的性别、年龄、HBsAg阳性与否、AFP水平、肿瘤大小以及是否转移无关。经TRAIL(100ng/ml)处理24h,肝癌细胞凋亡发生率约10％,而Jurkat细胞凋亡率达70％以上,胆管癌细胞QBC939凋亡发生率约50％。结论 肝细胞肝癌普遍存在TRAILR的表达,并存在受体类型的表达差异。但单一的TRAIL治疗只能有限的诱导肝癌细胞HepG2、SMMC7721发生凋亡,HCC对TRAIL诱导的凋亡存在耐药现象。     

IFN-gamma induces cell death in human hepatoma cells through a TRAIL/death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway.

We demonstrated the induction of cell death in a hepatoma cell line by IFN-gamma and its possible mechanism. Among the 2 hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatoma cell lines, SNU-354 and SNU-368, IFN-gamma induced cell death and increased caspase-3 activity in SNU-368 but not in SNU-354. IFN-gamma induced several changes in the mRNA expression level of apoptosis-regulating genes, e.g., increased expression of Fas, caspase-1 and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In particular, IFN-gamma potently increased the mRNA expression of TRAIL in both cell lines. However, it did not change the mRNA expression level of death-mediating TRAIL receptors, e.g., DR4 and DR5, which were constitutively expressed in both cell lines. In contrast, the decoy receptor DcR1 was expressed in SNU-354 but not in SNU-368, and its expression level in SNU-354 was increased by IFN-gamma. Another decoy receptor, DcR2, was constitutively expressed in both cell lines; however, its expression level in SNU-368 was decreased by IFN-gamma. In addition, exogenous recombinant TRAIL reduced viability in SNU-368, but not in SNU-354, cells. From these findings, we speculated that TRAIL up-regulation and the subsequent TRAIL-mediated apoptosis serve as a mechanism of IFN-gamma-induced cell death in SNU-368. To confirm this hypothesis, we demonstrated that soluble DR4-Fc fusion protein, a TRAIL pathway inhibitor, inhibited IFN-gamma-induced cell death in SNU-368. Our results demonstrated that IFN-gamma acts as an inducer of cell death through TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.