两群替代微粒群优化算法及其应用

提出一种两群替代微粒群优化算法（TSSPSO），并对算法参数进行分析和对算法方程进行修正。该方法将微粒分成飞行方向不同的两分群，其中一分群微粒朝着最优微粒飞行，另一分群微粒朝着相反方向飞行；飞行时，每一微粒不仅受到微粒本身飞行经验和本分群最优微粒的影响，还受到全群最优微粒的影响。搜索时，每一次迭代均以一定的替代率用一分群中若干优势微粒取代另一分群中相同数目的劣势微粒。对4种常用函数的优化问题进行测试并进行比较，结果表明：两群替代微粒群优化算法比基本微粒群优化算法更容易找到全局最优解，优化效率和优化性能明显提高。将两群替代微粒群优化算法用于常压塔汽油干点软测量，建立基于两群替代微粒群优化算法的汽油干点神经网络软测量模型，通过与实际工业数据的比较，表明基于两群替代微粒群神经网络的软测量模型精度高、性能好。     

分段式微粒群优化算法

提出一种分段式微粒群优化算法。该算法将所要搜索的区域分成若干段,首先在每一区段内搜索出区段的最优位置,然后将各区段的最优位置组成一微粒群,继续搜索全局最优位置。通过对5个常用标准测试函数进行优化计算,仿真结果表明:分段式微粒群优化算法能有效地搜索到全局最优解,具有比基本微粒群优化算法更快的搜索速度和更好的优化性能。     

三群协同粒子群优化算法

针对基本粒子群优化算法易陷入局部极值点、搜索精度低等缺点,提出了一种三群协同粒子群优化算法(TSC-PSO)。搜索时,如果全局极值连续若干代没有改善,粒子未找到全局最优点,就任选某个优群,将其群内粒子和差群粒子交换。仿真结果显示,对一些经典多峰值函数、非凸病态函数,TSC-PSO增强了全局搜索能力,具有比基本PSO更好的优化性能。     

改进协同粒子群优化算法及其在Flow Shop调度中的应用

针对协同粒子群优化算法存在的停滞现象,提出了一种改进的协同粒子群优化算法。采用优化法的子群协作方式,既保证了收敛速率,又可以防止陷入局部最优。同时引入综合学习策略,增加种群的多样性,防止种群出现停滞现象。在此基础上,又加入了扰动机制,进一步避免算法陷入局部最优。采用该算法对3个经典函数进行测试,并将其应用于Flow Shop调度问题,仿真实验结果表明：新算法有效克服了停滞现象,增强了全局搜索能力,比基本协同粒子群优化算法的优化性能更好。     

结合历史全局最优与局部最优的粒子群算法

提出了一种增加粒子共享信息多样性的粒子群算法。该算法在粒子更新速度的过程中,将前几轮粒子搜索的历史全局最优信息与本轮局部最优粒子信息结合,增加粒子搜索信息的多样性。另外,根据2种信息的结合方式不同,将基本算法扩展成3种扩展型算法。6个典型函数的仿真实验结果说明,改进的粒子群算法可以有效地克服粒子群算法中的早熟现象。     

利用Alopex改进的粒子群优化算法及其在软测量建模中的应用

提出了一种利用A lopex算法改进的粒子群优化算法,并将其应用于神经网络的建模中。改进的粒子群优化算法改善了粒子群优化算法摆脱局部极小点的能力,对典型函数的测试和基于神经网络的软测量建模表明:改进算法的全局搜索能力有了显著提高,特别是对多峰函数能够有效地避免早熟收敛问题。     

基于改进粒子群优化算法的闭环时滞系统辨识

闭环时滞模型参数的辨识一直是先进工业控制领域的一个重要课题。然而由于时滞的存在,被控量不能及时地反映系统所承受的扰动,从而产生明显的超调,使得控制系统的稳定性变差。本文充分利用粒子群优化算法收敛速度较快和混沌运动遍历性的优点,提出了一种基于混沌优化思想的混沌粒子群优化算法来直接辨识含有滞后环节的被控对象的闭环传递函数,而不用将其转化为状态方程。将闭环时滞系统的传递函数通过z变换转化为离散的差分方程,对于滞后环节的处理,用一阶Pade近似。利用CPSO的全局优化能力来极小化误差准则函数,从而获得模型参数的估计值。仿真实验结果证明：该方法收敛速度较快、辨识得到的参数精度较高,适用于实际的工业生产。该方法与辅助变量最小二乘方法相比,计算量小、过程简单、不用计算多重积分、辨识速度较快、辨识精度高。     

基于带扰动项粒子群算法的软测量建模

针对粒子群算法用于高维数、多局部极值点的复杂函数寻优时易陷入局部最优解现象,提出一种改进的带扰动项粒子群算法并进行收敛性分析。算法中引入进化速度因子,当粒子进化速度低于一定值时在粒子速度更新方程中添加扰动项使粒子逃离局部最优区而继续搜索。对几个复杂函数的寻优测试表明:改进算法的收敛速度、收敛精度和全局搜索性能均有显著提高。将本方法用于建立丙烯腈收率神经网络软测量建模,研究结果表明模型精度较高、泛化性能好,满足现场测量要求。     

基于高斯白噪声扰动变异的粒子群优化算法

为了有效避免粒子群算法(PSO)早熟和局部收敛的现象,在深入分析PSO算法的基础上,提出了一种基于高斯白噪声扰动变异的粒子群优化算法(GMPSO).该算法以一定的概率选中粒子进行基于高斯白噪声扰动的变异,并重新随机产生飞离搜索区域的粒子,以克服粒子群后期多样性严重下降的缺点.通过对Benchmark函数的测试表明:GMPSO算法无论是搜索精度、速度还是稳定性均显著优于PSO算法.     

改进的混沌粒子群优化算法

针对传统的简单粒子群算法(SPSO)早熟、易陷入局部最优的缺陷,提出了一种改进的混沌粒子群优化算法(CPSO)。该算法根据混沌算法遍历性的特点,选择合适的混沌映射提取SPSO初始种群,使粒子均匀分布在解空间。当SPSO陷入早熟时,CPSO在最优解周围的区域内进行混沌搜索,取代原来种群中的部分粒子,带领种群跳出局部最优。对7个标准测试函数的寻优测试表明：CPSO算法在寻优精度、速度、稳定性等方面均优于SPSO。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.