Abnormal left ventricular mass and aortic distensibility in pediatric dialysis patients

There is ample evidence that the same pathophysiological processes that affect cardiovascular function in adults with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) also operate in children with ESRD. In adults undergoing hemodialysis (HD), a good correlation has been established between left ventricular mass (LVM) and aortic distensibility (AD) as markers of cardiovascular disease progression; however, this correlation has not been established in children. Therefore, in this retrospective study we investigated some aspects of cardiovascular damage (i.e., LVM, LVMI, and AD) in children with ESRD undergoing HD ( n =9) or peritoneal dialysis (PD, n =9), and analyzed the relationship between AD, LVM, LVMI, pre-dialysis, post-dialysis blood pressure (BP), and demographic factors in children and adolescents with ESRD. Both LVM and AD were significantly greater in the dialysis population than in a control population derived from our institutional files ( P =0.015, P =0.001). LVM and LVMI in children undergoing HD (92.9±83.7 g, 80.1±31.1 g/cm) were not statistically different from the values in children on PD (130.0±89.2 g, 89.6±35.9 g/cm), ( P =0.3, P =0.5). AD in children on HD (2.2±0.55 cm² * dynes^–1*10–6) was significantly lower than in children on PD (2.7±0.54 cm² * dynes^–1*10–6), ( P =0.01). The findings in this study confirm earlier studies that demonstrated that LVMI is greater in children on dialysis. This study also demonstrates that abnormal vascular stiffness, as defined by AD, is present in these children. The degree of vascular stiffness in children receiving HD is greater than in children receiving PD. However, further study is needed to address how control of BP, uremia, and other factors may affect these abnormalities in children with ESRD.     

维持性血液透析与腹膜透析患者左心室功能及相关因素分析

目的针对维持性肾脏替代治疗患者左心室功能情况及相关因素进行分析。方法将264例患者按不同肾脏替代治疗方式分为血液透析组（A组）和腹膜透析组（B组）,并常规检测血肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）、血浆白蛋白（Alb）、血红蛋白（Hb）、血钙、血磷、血总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、血全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）,超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）;高压液相方法检测血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hey）;利用超声心动检查评价左心室功能。结果2组中,A组Hb、TG高于B组（P〈0．05）,而BUN低于B组（P〈0．05）;B组左心室舒张功能异常发生率高于A组（P〈0．01）;A组室间隔厚度、后壁厚度低于B组,而左室舒张末内径、左室收缩末内径及舒张早期和舒张晚期二尖瓣121最大血流速度之比（E／A）及射血分数（EF）高于B组,但只有舒张早期和舒张晚期二尖瓣口最大血流速度之比（E／A）有统计学差异（P〈0．01）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,Alb、尿酸（UA）、hs—CRP、血钙、血磷水平是。肾脏替代治疗患者左室收缩功能障碍的危险因素;而年龄及收缩压与舒张压是其患者左室舒张功能障碍的危险因素。结论不同肾脏替代治疗方式下,患者左心室舒张功能异常发生率存在差异,纠正低蛋白血症,增加透析剂量,控制血压,减轻心脏负荷,纠正钙磷水平可能有助于改善其患者左心室功能异常。     

Correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin and carotid intima-media thickness in non-diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To investigate the correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and carotid intima?media thickness (CIMT) in non?diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods Forty?two non?diabetic peritoneal dialysis adult patients were enrolled in this study [mean age was (48.2±12.3) years, 50% was male]. CIMT was determined by carotid ultrasound. Patients were divided into two groups according to CIMT: CIMT normal group (CIMT＜0.9 mm) and CIMT thickening group (CIMT≥0.9 mm). HbA1c, 2?hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG) and other factors of the patients were analyzed with Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression. Results CIMT was correlated with age, 2hPBG, LDL?C, TG, TC, HbA1c in non?diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients (r＝0.355, 0.373, 0.416, 0.345, 0.351, 0.456, all P＜0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that HbA1c was the most powerful influence factor of CIMT（β＝0.459）. Conclusion HbA1c level is positively correlated with CIMT and may be a predictor of carotid atherosclerosis in non?diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients.     

Changes in common carotid artery intima-media thickness over 1 year in patients on peritoneal dialysis.

BACKGROUND: Accelerated atherosclerosis and vascular calcifications increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients on dialysis. Common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media thickness (IMT) is considered useful for imaging atherosclerosis non-invasively. Since chronic inflammation may accelerate atherosclerosis in end-stage renal disease patients, the aim of this 1 year study was to assess changes in CCA-IMT in stable peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, and to search for possible associations between these changes and selected cytokines, acute phase proteins and other risk factors of atherosclerosis. METHODS: Of the original cohort of 61 stable patients on PD-28 female, 33 male; mean age 50.4+/-13.6 years; dialyse for a median of 17.5 months at inclusion (range 1-96 months)-47 patients survived the 1 year period on PD. CCA-IMT was assessed at baseline and after 12 months. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNFalpha), acute phase proteins (CRP, fibrinogen), calcium-phosphate balance and lipid profile were assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. Anthropometric parameters (age, weight, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio) were measured at baseline. RESULTS: The mean CCA-IMT at baseline, 0.66+/- 0.19 mm, increased by a mean of 0.098+/-0.17 to 0.76+/-0.21 mm (P<0.001) in 1 year. In 14 patients (29.8%) at least one plaque was found in the CCAs examined. At the end of follow-up: 28 patients (59.6%) had increases in CCA-IMT (from 0.63+/-0.2 to 0.83+/- 0.21 mm; P = 0.03), and 19 (40.4%) remained stable or even showed slight, but non-significant, decreases of CCA-IMT (from 0.72+/-0.17 to 0.66+/-0.17 mm, P = NS). The 'progressors' had significantly higher initial BMI (P<0.05), and mean concentrations of calcium (P = 0.005), IL-6 (P = 0.05), TNFalpha (P = 0.05), CRP (P = 0.005) and lower HDL-cholesterol than 'non-progressors'. In univariate analysis, DeltaCCA-IMT correlated positively with age (R = 0.32, P = 0.03), BMI (R = 0.29, P = 0.05) and mean concentrations of CRP (R = 0.37, P = 0.01), TNFalpha (0.52, P = 0.0002), but inversely with HDL-cholesterol (R = -0.37, P = 0.01). In multiple regression analysis, however, only age appeared to be independently associated with increase in CCA-IMT (beta = 0.37, P<0.01; R(2) for the model 0.14). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a possible role of non-specific inflammation in the progression of atherosclerosis in patients treated with PD, in addition to age.     

Association of dialysate calcium concentration with fetuin a level and carotid intima-media thickness in peritoneal dialysis patients

Serum fetuin A has been shown to be associated with the risk of vascular calcification and atherosclerosis, and it can predict the onset of cardiovascular mortality in dialysis patients. The carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is an accessible and reliable method to identify the subclinical atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between dialysate calcium concentrations and fetuin A or cIMT in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Forty patients, newly diagnosed end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and undergoing peritoneal dialysis, were enrolled in the study, with a calcium content of the peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution of 1.25?mmol/L in 20 patients (low-Ca group) and 1.75?mmol/L in 20 patients (standard-Ca group). The patients were followed up for 12 months after the PD conducted. Serum fetuin A was determined using a human fetuin A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and cIMT was detected using ultrasonic wave. We observed no difference between two groups with regard to the baseline data of fetuin A, cIMT, calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus product, high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), parathyroid hormone (PTH), or lipid parameters. After 12 months follow-up, fetuin A (263.92?±?16.1 vs. 282.76?±?21.0, p?=?0.017) and calcium-phosphorus product (39.85?±?7.76 vs. 47.50?±?6.65, p?=?0.009) were obviously lower in the low-Ca group than standard-Ca group, the other serum parameters were not different between these two groups. Compared with baseline data, serum fetuin A concentration significantly reduced in low-Ca group (?p?p?相似文献   

Relationship between carotid artery intima-media thickness and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in peritoneal dialysis patients

Background and aim   Carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation percentage (FMD%) are two commonly used parameters for detecting subclinical atherosclerosis. However, studies investigating the relationship between CIMT and brachial artery FMD% in different populations have produced conflicting results. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between CIMT and brachial artery FMD% in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) Methods   Fifty-two PD patients without known cardiovascular disease and 30 age-gender matched controls were included in the study. Endothelial function was determined using ultrasonography (US) to measure the FMD of the brachial artery, and this parameter was expressed as the percentage change from the baseline diameter of the brachial artery (FMD%). We also measured CIMT by US and analysed the relationship between CIMT and brachial FMD%. Results   The CIMT was significantly higher in patients than in the control group (0.84 ± 0.08 vs. 0.75 ± 0.06 mm, P < 0.01), whereas brachial artery FMD% was lower in patients than in the controls (8.2 ± 5.0 vs. 11.7 ± 5.5%, P < 0.01). There was no significant correlation between CIMT and FMD% (r = −0.004, P = 0.94). Conclusion  Although PD patients are known to be characterized by an impaired flow-mediated vasodilatation of brachial artery and increased in CIMT, we did not find a significant correlation between FMD% and CIMT in our PD patient cohort. One possible explanation for our results is that each method measures a different aspect and stage of atherosclerosis.     

Relationship between carotid artery intima-media thickness and renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus

Objective To investigate the relationship between carotid artery intima-media thickness and renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods 424 patients of type 2 diabetes without dialysis were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. According to their artery intima-media thickness (IMT), the patients were divided into normal group and higher IMT group. All patients according to UAER or 24h urinary protein were divided into normal proteinuria group, micro-proteinuria group and clinical proteinuria group. The biochemical examination, eGFR, and atherosclerotic plaque of different groups were compared. Pearson or spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between eGFR, IMT and other parameters. Risk factors for eGFR decline were analyzed by binary logistic regression. Results Compared with normal group, patients in the higher IMT group were older [(63.3±10.2) year vs (52.5±10.6) year, P﹤0.05], and underwent longer duration of diabetes [(8.9±6.7) year vs (6.2±5.7) year, P﹤0.05]. Their level of eGFR was decreased [(75.92±28.00) ml/min vs (91.64±24.05) ml/min, P﹤0.05], while plaque incidence (71.3% vs 18.3%,χ2=112.42, P﹤0.01) and prevalence of hypertension (56.4% vs 29.6%, χ2=27.22, P﹤0.01) increased. Correlation analysis showed that IMT was positively correlated with age (r=0.503, P﹤0.01), duration of diabetes (r=0.204, P﹤0.01), 24 h urine protein (rs=0.175, P﹤0.05), plaque (rs=0.562, P﹤0.01), and hypertension (rs=0.193, P﹤0.01), but negatively correlated with eGFR (r=-0.307, P﹤0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, serum uric acid, 24 h urine protein and carotid artery intima-media thickness were independent risk factors for eGFR decline [OR=1.115, 95%CI(1.053, 1.165), P﹤0.001; OR=1.008,95%CI (1.002, 1.014), P=0.006; OR=1.492, 95%CI(1.170,1.903), P=0.001; OR=1.619, 95%CI(1.121, 2.339), P=0.010]. Conclusion Carotid artery intima-media thickness is an independent risk factor for kidney function decline in patients of diabetes.     

腹膜透析患者左室肥厚的相关因素分析

目的探讨腹膜透析患者左心室肥厚的发生情况及相关影响因素。 方法选取2012年9月至2013年9月在广西医科大学第一附属医院腹膜透析中心随访的腹膜透析患者89人,规律腹膜透析6个月以上。排除标准：近一个月有腹膜炎或其他部位感染史,合并有急性心衰、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、恶性肿瘤、急性心脑血管病变、风湿性心脏病、严重肝功能不全及近3个月内使用糖皮质激素及免疫抑制剂的患者。采集入选病例临床资料,并予心脏彩超检查,通过测量室间隔厚度(LVST)、左心室厚度(LVPWT)、左室舒张内径(LVEDD)计算左心室心肌重量指数(LVMI)。左室肥厚定义为LVMI男性≥115 g/m²,女性≥95 g/m²。分析患者的横断面资料,并将患者分为左室肥厚组及非左室肥厚组进行比较。采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行数据分析。两变量相关分析用Pearson(正态资料)或Spearman(非正态资料)相关分析。左室肥厚的独立危险因素分析用二分类Logistic回归分析,P<0.05认为差异有统计学意义。 结果89例患者中,男女比为1.47∶1,年龄(48.49±12.27)岁,腹膜透析龄(25.35±24.30)个月。病因：慢性肾小球肾炎61例(68.54%)、高血压肾病16例(17.98%)、糖尿病肾病2例(2.25%)、其他病因10例(11.24%)。左心室肥厚66例(74.16%)。将左心室肥厚组与非左心室肥厚组的相关指标进行比较。两组患者的血脑利钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、腹膜透析液肌酐与血中清肌酐比值(D/P)、血白蛋白、左室射血分数(LVEF)、LVEDD、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左房内径(LAD)、LVPWT及LVST等差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。左心室肥厚与NT-proBNP、D/P值、LVEDD、LVST、LAD、LVESD及LVPWT呈正相关(P<0.05),与LVEF呈负相关(r＝－0.222,P＝0.036)。NT-proBNP水平是左室肥厚的独立危险因素(B偏回归系数0.001,SE值：0.000,Wals值：13.45,95%CI为1.000～1.001, P<0.001)。 结论腹膜透析患者较易发生左心室肥厚,其左心室肥厚与营养状态、容量负荷及腹膜转运类型等相关,NT-proBNP水平有望成为腹膜透析患者左室肥厚的评估预测生物标志物。     

Left ventricular diastolic function in patients on maintenance haemodialysis

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to elucidate the differences in left ventricular (LV) diastolic function between patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD) with LV hypertrophy (LVH) and those with LVH from other causes. Twenty HD patients (HD group), 11 patients with hypertensive heart disease (HHD group), 11 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM group) and 11 age-matched healthy individuals (N group) were examined using echocardiography. Compared with the HCM group, the HD and HHD groups had smaller total LV wall thickness and left atrial dimension, a higher ratio of LV end-diastolic dimension to LV posterior wall thickness, a shorter isovolumic relaxation time and a higher ratio of peak flow velocity of early to late LV fillings (E/A). There was a correlation between LV mass index or E/A and systolic blood pressure. These results indicate that HD patients have an LV diastolic dysfunction similar to that observed in HHD patients but which is less severe than that found in HCM patients. It seems reasonable to control hypertension in HD patients in order to favourably influence LV diastolic function.     

Association of fetuin A,left ventricular function and residual renal function in peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To investigate the relationship between fetuin A and left ventricular function and their influences on residual renal function(RRF) in peritoneal dialysis patients. Method Eighty patients recently initiating peritoneal dialysis were enrolled into this study and were divided into high fetuin A group and low fetuin A group accordin to the value of serum fetuin A concentration. Hemoglobin, high sensitive C reactive protein(hsCRP), calcium, phosphorus, albumin, lipoproteins and left ventricular myocardial performance index(LV-MPI) were examined. All these patients were followed up for 12 months, to discover the parameters’ differences between two groups and to investigate the association between fetuin A and left ventricular function and RRF. Results At the beginning of the study, there was no difference of hsCRP, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, lipoproteins and LV-MPI, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between two groups; After 12 months follow-up, MPI was obviously shorter (P＜0.05) and RRF was obviously higher (P＜0.05) in high fetuin A group than thosein low fetuin A group. Compared with the beginning of the study, LV-MPI was significantly increased and eGFR was significantly decreased after 12 months follow-up (both P＜0.05) in low fetuin A group, but no obviously change of LV-MPI or eGFR was found in high fetuin A group after follow-up. Pearson correlation analysis discovered an obvious negative correlation between fetuin A and MPI (r=-0.680, P＜0.01). Multiple regression analysis indicated that eGFR had positive correlation with fetuin A (B=0.058, t=3.679, P＜0.01) and negative correlations with MPI (B=-0.511, t=-2.903, P=0.007), age(B=-0.144, t=-4.013, P＜0.01). Diabetes was risk factor to loss of RRF (B=-2.031, t=-2.759, P＜0.05). Conclusion Fetuin A has very close relationship with left ventricular function.Decreased serum fetuin A level and decreased left ventricular function are risk factors to the loss of the RRF in ERSD patients.     

维持性血透患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度增厚及其影响因素分析

目的研究维持性血透(MHD)患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)增厚情况并分析其可能影响因素。方法75例MHD患者为MHD组,30例健康体检者为对照组。采用高频B超检测其颈动脉IMT值,并记录各患者的临床及生化数据。MHD组按IMT值分为正常、异常和增厚3个亚组。对各组数据进行比较并对IMT的各危险因素进行相关性分析。结果MHD组患者颈动脉IMT值明显大于对照组[(1.03±0.42)比(0.63±0.11)mm,P<0.01]。IMT增厚组年龄、收缩压、血浆白蛋白、前白蛋白、胆固醇、血磷水平与IMT正常组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。IMT异常组的收缩压、血磷水平明显高于IMT正常组(P<0.01)。单因素相关分析(Model1)结果显示,MHD患者颈动脉IMT与年龄(r=0.247,P=0.032)、收缩压(r=0.758,P<0.01)、血磷(r=0.604,P<0.01)呈显著正相关;与血浆白蛋白(r=-0.292,P=0.011)、前白蛋白(r=-0.681,P<0.01)呈显著负相关。经控制年龄因素后的偏相关分析(Model2)结果与Model1结果一致。多元线性回归分析结果显示高收缩压(B=0.446,P<0.01)、低前白蛋白(β=-0.336,P<0.01)和高血磷(β=0.248,P=0.01)是颈动脉IMT增厚的独立影响因素。结论MHD患者颈动脉IMT明显增厚。高收缩压、低前白蛋白及高血磷是颈动脉IMT增厚的独立危险因素并可能与MHD患者动脉粥样硬化进展相关。     

血液透析患者血8-羟基脱氧鸟苷与血管内皮功能、颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的检测血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)患者血8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine,8-OHdG)、血内皮素1(endothelinm-1,ET-1)、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(endotheliat nitric oxide synthase,eNOS)水平及颈动脉内膜中层厚度,探讨氧化应激在HD患者血管内皮功能障碍、动脉粥样硬化中的作用。方法选择2014年10月至2015年4月在河北省迁安市人民医院行血液透析治疗3个月以上的非糖尿病尿毒症患者52例为HD组;另设本院体检健康者45例为对照组。采用ELISA法测定血8-OHdG浓度,放射免疫法测定血ET-1含量,硝酸酶还原法进行血eNOS活力测定。采用多普勒超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度(carotid intimal-medial thickness,CIMT)。结果与对照组比较,HD组患者CIMT明显增厚[(1.31±0.29)mTmrn比(0.82±0.21)rm,P0.013。HD组患者动脉硬化的发生率为78.85%。与对照组比较,HD组患者血8-OHdG水平明显升高[(38.30±9.34)ng/ml比(7.24±0.87)ng/ml,P0.01);HD组患者血ET-1水平明显升高[(138.35±31.12)pg/ml比(16.40±1.21)pg/ml,P0.01];HD组患者血eNOS水平降低[(12.67±1.66)U/ml比(14.05±1.56)U/ml,P0.013。HD组患者血8-OHdG水平与年龄、透析时间、超敏C反应蛋白(high sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、收缩压、舒张压、ET-1呈正相关(r=0.697、0.752、0.532、0.350、0.269、0.753,P0.05),与尿素清除指数(Kt/V)、eNOS呈负相关(r=-0.367、-0.723,P0.01)。多元线性逐步回归分析,显示血8-OHdG水平是HD患者CIMT的独立危险因素(B=0.044,P=0.001)。结论 HD患者存在明显的氧化应激状态和血管内皮功能障碍。HD患者的氧化应激参与了血管内皮功能障碍的发生。血8-OHdG水平是HD患者动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素。     

Carotid intima-media thickness and plaques in hemodialysis patients

Atherosclerosis is accelerated in hemodialysis patients. Using B-mode ultrasonography, we compared intima-media thickness (IMT) and the prevalence of plaques in the common carotid and internal carotid arteries in 28 randomly selected hemodialysis patients with that in 28 age- and sex-matched normal controls. The IMT values of the common carotid and internal carotid arteries were higher in hemodialysis patients than in controls with more hemodialysis patients having plaques. In hemodialysis patients, there was a relationship between age and IMT in the common carotid arteries, in the area of bifurcation, and in the internal carotid arteries. We found no relationship between IMT and atherosclerotic risk factors or duration of hemodialysis treatment. IMT at all sites correlated with the number of plaques. Age was the only significant determinant for number of plaques. The results indicate that hemodialysis patients showed advanced atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries compared with age- and sex-matched normal subjects.     

腹膜透析患者血浆Ghrelin水平与左心功能的相关性研究

目的：研究腹膜透析患者血浆Ghrelin水平与左心功能的关系及腹膜透析对血浆Ghrelin水平的影响。方法：选取2011年~2012年住院及门诊随访的CAPD患者30例,选取同期体检的30名健康者作为对照。收集入组者的相关临床及实验室资料,使用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定所有入组者血浆Ghrelin水平。结果：（1）CAPD前组、后组及健康对照组,三组间血浆Ghrelin水平差异具有统计学意义（F值为78.209,P〈0.0001）。（2）CAPD后组患者血浆Ghrelin水平与左心室射血分数（LVEF）、平均动脉压（MABP）呈正相关。结论：（1） CAPD前、后组血浆Ghrelin水平比健康对照组明显升高,说明CAPD患者存在血浆 Ghrelin 清除功能不全。（2） CAPD 患者血浆 Ghrelin 水平与 LVEF 正相关,提示血浆 Ghrelin 水平对CAPD患者左心功能有重要的保护作用。     

腹膜透析患者残余肾功能与左心室质量的相关性分析

目的探讨腹膜透析患者残余肾功能与左心室质量及左心室质量指数的关系。方法选取我院接受持续不卧床腹膜透析治疗半年以上的慢性肾衰竭患者103例,将其根据残余肾肌酐清除率（Ccr）水平分为3组,A组31例：Cer为0～2ml·min-1·（1．73m2）-1;B组42例：Cer为2～4ml·min-1·（1．73m2）;C组30例：Ccr〉4ml·min-1·（1．73m2）-1。所有入选患者均检测残余肾Ccr、平均动脉压（MBP）、血钙、血磷、血清全段甲状旁腺素（iPTH）、左心室质量及左心室质量指数,并进行组间统计学分析。结果3组患者MBP和血钙水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;与A组相比,B组和C组患者血磷、钙磷乘积、iPTH、左心室质量及左心室质量指数降低（P〈0．01）;Pearson相关分析显示,Ccr与血磷（r=-0．384,P=0．000）、钙磷乘积（r=-0．344,P=0．000）及iPTH（r=-0．435,P=0．000）存在负相关关系;左心室质量及左心室质量指数与MBP（r=0．300,P=0．002;r=0．240,P=0．015）、血磷（r=0．332,P=0．001;r=0．241,P=0．014）、钙磷乘积（r=0．284,P=0．004;r=0．212,P=0．032）、iPTH（r=0．266,P=0．007;r=0．226,P=0．021）存在正相关关系。结论左心室质量及左心室质量指数增加与残余肾功能的丧失有一定的相关性,积极保护残余肾功能可以减少心血管疾病发生率和病死率。     

Heptavax-B in pediatric dialysis patients: effect of systemic lupus erythematosus

Twenty-three pediatric dialysis patients 16 hemodialysis (HD) and 17 peritoneal dialysis (PD)], with a mean age of 13.9 years, were vaccinated against hepatitis B virus and their seroconversion rates were analyzed. There was no significant difference in the mean duration of dialysis between the HD and PD groups, or between responders and nonresponders to the vaccine. In the HD group, there was a response rate of 83.3% while the PD patients had a response rate of 88.2%. The only patients failing to seroconvert after the three vaccine series all had systemic lupus erythematosus and were taking oral corticosteroids.     

血液透析和腹膜透析患者生存比较

目的 比较血液透析和腹膜透析患者的生存情况,探讨影响透析患者生存的主要危险因素。 方法 研究对象为2005年1月1日至2008年12月31日期间新进入透析且年龄≥18岁患者,随访至2009年3月31日。应用Kaplan-Meier法、log-rank检验及Cox回归模型分析患者的生存资料。 结果 共460例透析患者入选,其中247例起始采用血透治疗,213例起始采用腹透治疗。两组患者的基线资料,包括开始透析年龄、体质量指数（BMI）、估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）、平均动脉压、进入透析治疗前心脑血管事件、Charlson并发症指数（CCI）等的差异均无统计学意义。中位随访时间为17.9（0.25,51）个月。意向治疗分析结果中,Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示血透总体生存率优于腹透（P ＜ 0.05,log-rank检验）;透析1年内两组生存率差异无统计学意义（P = 0.14）,而透析1年后腹透患者的生存率显著低于血透患者（P ＜ 0.05）。亚组分析结果显示,≥65岁的非糖尿病肾病血透组生存率显著高于腹透组（P ＜ 0.05）。Cox回归分析显示,经混杂因素调整后,两种透析方式本身对透析生存无明显影响（HR,HD：PD = 0.778,95%CI 0.483~1.254,P = 0.303）;而年龄（HR = 1.051,95%CI 1.030~1.073,P ＜ 0.01）、透前有脑血管意外史（HR = 2.032,95%CI 1.125~3.670,P ＜ 0.05）、透前CCI≥5（HR=2.592,95%CI 1.230~5.465,P ＜ 0.05）、前白蛋白（HR = 0.022,95%CI 0.001~0.768,P ＜ 0.05）为透析患者生存率的主要影响因素。 结论 透析龄≤1年的血透和腹透生存率无显著差异;透析龄>1年的血透患者生存率可能逐渐高于腹透患者。老年非糖尿病患者血透生存率可能高于腹透。年龄、透前脑血管意外史、透前CCI≥5为影响透析生存率的主要危险因素。     

Comparison of usefulness of the wall thickness of the left anterior descending coronary artery, determined by transthoracic echocardiography, and carotid intima-media thickness in predicting multivessel coronary artery disease

Background  Wall thickness in the distal part of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) can be measured by using two-dimensional high-resolution transthoracic echocardiography (2DHTTE). The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of measuring carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and distal LAD wall thickness for prediction of multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD). Methods  We measured wall thickness in the distal LAD using 2DHTTE and carotid IMT using B-mode ultrasound in 100 patients who subsequently underwent coronary angiography (CAG). Patients were classified into three groups based on the results of CAG—no significant stenosis (group N), single-vessel disease (group S), or multivessel disease (group M). Results  Successful measurements of LAD wall thickness were accomplished in 96 patients. Distal LAD wall thickness was significantly greater in group M (0.92 ± 0.20 mm) than in group N (0.72 ± 0.11 mm, P < 0.01) and group S (0.76 ± 0.19 mm, P < 0.01). Carotid IMT was significantly greater in group M (0.90 ± 0.24 mm) than in group N (0.75 ± 0.21 mm, P < 0.05) and group S (0.80 ± 0.17 mm, P < 0.05). Distal LAD wall thickness >0.8 mm had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 67% in predicting MVD, whereas carotid IMT >0.8 mm was 63% sensitive and 67% specific in the prediction of MVD. There was a weak but significant correlation between distal LAD wall thickness and IMT (r = 0.31, P < 0.01). Conclusions  Non-invasive measurement of distal LAD wall thickness by 2DHTTE is feasible, and has equivalent diagnostic accuracy to IMT measurements for predicting MVD.     

低钙腹膜透析液对尿毒症患者颈动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的探讨低钙腹膜透析（PD）液对尿毒症患者颈动脉粥样硬化的影响及机制。方法将60例行连续性非卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）且合并颈动脉粥样硬化的患者随机分为A组（标准钙PD液治疗组,30例）和B组（低钙PD液治疗组,30例）,均继续行正规CAPD治疗。观察治疗12周前后患者颈动脉内-中膜厚度（IMT）及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率的变化,同时生化法检测血清钙浓度,ELISA法测定血清基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）水平。结果经过12周的分组透析后,B组患者的血清钙、MMP-9[（2．25±0．24）mmol／L、（564．72±124．69）μg／L]较A组患者[（2．40±0．37）mmol／L、（718．56±111．83）μg／L]明显下降（P〈0．05）,颈动脉IMT[（1．17±0．28）mm]亦显著低于A组[（1．25±0．19）mm]（P〈0．05）。结论低钙PD液可延缓尿毒症患者颈动脉粥样硬化的进展,其对血清MMP-9的影响可能是其机制之一。     

大剂量速尿对腹膜透析患者容量控制及残余肾功能的影响

目的观察大剂量速尿对腹膜透析患者残余肾功能和容量状态的影响。方法33例连续性不卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者被随机分成试验组(17例)和对照组(16例),所有患者均接受标准CAPD治疗,试验组患者口服速尿100mg,bid,对照组不用。观察9个月,定期收集有关临床资料。结果试验前两组间的主要临床指标、实验室检查结果、腹膜转运特性无显著差异。在试验的第3、6、9个月,试验组和对照组的尿量分别为(788±198)ml和(701±187)ml、(813±220)ml和(673±194)ml、(809±209)ml和(599±176)ml,两组间差异有统计学意义;但两组间肌酐清除率的下降差异无统计学意义。试验前两组的下腔静脉内径指数(IVCDI)分别为13.82±1.21和13.78±1.09,两组间差异无统计学意义;试验结束时分别为11.72±1.10和12.65±1.16,差异有统计学意义。试验前两组的左心室质量指数(LVMI)分别为115.4±27.2和115.7±29.4,差异无统计学意义;试验结束时分别为120.9±24.5和140.0±32.6,差异有统计学意义。结论大剂量速尿能使CAPD患者的尿量增加,有利于容量超负荷的控制,从而使高血压和左心肥厚等心血管并发症减轻。