语前聋人工耳蜗植入患者听觉和言语康复效果的问卷分级评估

目的使用听觉和言语问卷分级的方法评估人工耳蜗植入患者的听觉言语康复效果，分析康复效果的相关影响因素。探讨人工耳蜗术后听觉言语康复效果的问卷评估方法。方法对97例语前聋人工耳蜗植入患者的家长和康复教师进行调查随访。根据听觉行为分级标准(categories of auditory performance，CAP)和言语可懂度分级标准(speech intelligibility rating，SIR)对患者的听觉感知能力和言语产生能力进行分级评估。CAP共分1—8级，SIR共分1—5级。用组内单因素秩和检验和多因素Logistic回归分析CAP和SIR分级结果与植入电极类型、植入年龄、病因、病程、术前助听器使用情况、植入深度、植入时间、康复模式、家庭经济状况等9个因素的关系。结果单因素分析结果显示：植人体型号(P=0．0439)、植入时间长短(P=0．0001)、康复模式(P=0．0460)、家庭经济状况(P=0．0140)与CAP有关；植入时间长短(P=0．0001)、康复模式(P=0．0271)与SIR有关。植入年龄、病因、病程、植入深度以及术前助听器的佩戴与CAP和SIR均无关。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：植入时间长短和家庭经济状况与CAP显著相关：植入时间长短与SIR显著相关。结论植入时间越长，人工耳蜗对患者听觉言语发展的效果越明显。康复模式与手段对人工耳蜗植入后患者的言语和康复能力有着决定性的影响。     

语前聋人工耳蜗植入患者听觉和言语康复效果的问卷分级评估

目的 使用听觉和言语问卷分级的方法评估人工耳蜗植入患者的听觉言语康复效果,分析康复效果的相关影响因素。探讨人工耳蜗术后听觉言语康复效果的问卷评估方法。方法 对97例语前聋人工耳蜗植入患者的家长和康复教师进行调查随访。根据听觉行为分级标准(categoriesof auditory performance,CAP)和言语可懂度分级标准(speech intelligibility rating,SIR)对患者的听觉感知能力和言语产生能力进行分级评估。CAP共分1-8级,SIR共分1-5级。用组内单因素秩和检验和多因素Logistic回归分析CAP和SIR分级结果与植入电极类型、植入年龄、病因、病程、术前助听器使用情况、植入深度、植入时间、康复模式、家庭经济状况等9个因素的关系。结果 单因素分析结果显示:植入体型号(P=0.0439)、植入时间长短(P=0.0001)、康复模式(P=0.0460)、家庭经济状况(P=0.0140)与CAP有关;植入时间长短(P=0.0001)、康复模式(P=0.0271)与SIR有关。植入年龄、病因、病程、植入深度以及术前助听器的佩戴与CAP和SIR均无关。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:植入时间长短和家庭经济状况与CAP显著相关;植入时间长短与SIR显著相关。结论植入时间越长,人工耳蜗对患者听觉言语发展的效果越明显。康复模式与手段对人工耳蜗植入后患者的言语和康复能     

语前聋患者人工耳蜗植入术后听觉言语康复相关影响因素的研究

目的探讨语前聋人工耳蜗植入患者的听觉言语康复效果及其相关影响因素。方法对159例人工耳蜗植入患者家长和康复教师进行调查随访。根据听觉行为分级标准(Categories of Auditory Performance,CAP)和言语可懂度分级标准(Speech Intelligibility Rating,SIR),对患者的听觉能力和言语能力进行分级评估。用组内单因素秩和检验和多因素Logistic回归分析CAP和SIR分级结果与性别、惯用手、内耳发育、颅脑影像学情况、术前助听器使用、术前语训、植入耳侧、植入电极类型、植入年龄、植入后时间、术后语言环境、术后康复模式、家庭经济状况等13个因素的关系。结果单因素分析结果显示,不同的术前助听器使用情况、术前语训、植入后时间、家庭经济状况组间CAP分级结果有显著性差异（P值均<0.05）;不同的植入耳侧、植入后时间、家庭经济状况组间SIR分级结果有显著性差异（P值均<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,植入后时间、家庭经济状况与CAP、SIR分级结果均有显著相关。结论植入后时间、家庭经济状况对人工耳蜗植入术后患者的听觉言语康复效果起决定性的作用。     

影响人工耳蜗植入术后效果的原因分析

目的　探讨儿童人工耳蜗植入术后言语康复效果的影响因素,更科学的指导聋儿言语康复。方法　选择在我院接受诺尔康CS-10A人工耳蜗植入的76例儿童患者,术后1年使用听觉行为分级标准（categories of auditoryper formance,CAP）和言语可懂度分级标准（speech intelligibility rating,SIR）对患儿术后日常生活环境中的听觉感知水平和言语表达能力作出分级评估。结果　统计学分析显示植入年龄、耳蜗发育有无畸形、家长文化程度、家人是否积极参与患儿术后康复、患儿每天佩戴耳蜗的时间 和术前有无助听器佩戴史6个方面均与术后言语康复效果具有很好相关性。结论　植入年龄越小、耳蜗发育正常、家长文化程度高、家长参与、每天佩戴耳蜗时间越长和术前佩戴助听器均利于患儿言语康复。     

人工耳蜗植入术后听力及言语康复效果相关因素的初步研究

目的 通过对55例人工耳蜗植入患儿的听力及言语能力进行评估,分析各种可能因素在人工耳蜗植入术后听力及言语康复过程中的作用。方法 通过问卷调查的方式对人工耳蜗植入患者的各项可能影响因素进行统计,并根据听觉行为分级标准（CAP）和言语可懂度分级标准（SIR）对患儿的听力及言语能力进行评估。使用卡方检验对影响术后康复效果的相关因素进行单因素分析;最后将从单因素分析中筛选出来的听觉及言语康复效果的影响因素进行logistic回归分析。结果 logistic回归结果显示植入后时间及家庭经济状况与CAP显著相关,植入后时间、居住地、术后康复模式与SIR显著相关。结论 人工耳蜗植入术后时间、经济因素是影响人工耳蜗植入术后患儿康复效果的重要因素。     

语前聋患者人工耳蜗植入术后听觉能力评估

目的通过对129例极重度语前聋患者人工耳蜗植入术后声母、韵母、单音节及双音节词识别能力的评估,研究人工耳蜗植入术后患者的听觉康复效果及相关影响因素。方法选用《听力障碍儿童听觉、语言能力评估标准及方法》作为测试材料,分别测试患者的声母、韵母、单音节词、双音节词识别率,用各分项评估结果的均值代表总体听觉能力,进而研究康复时间、植入年龄、术前配戴助听器经验及性别对听觉能力的影响。结果随着康复时间的延长,听觉能力各分项得分逐渐提高（P〈0．05）。术前、术后6个月及术后1年低龄组与大龄组间总体听觉能力差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,术后3个月两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。人工耳蜗植入术前、术后3个月、6个月及1年,男、女组之间总体听觉能力差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,配戴助听器组与未配戴助听器组间总体听觉能力差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论人工耳蜗植入能提高语前聋患者的听觉能力。植入时间越长,听觉康复效果越好。植入时年龄越小,术后听觉能力进步越快。大龄语前聋患者植入人工耳蜗后听觉能力仍能获得一定的改善。术前短时间配戴助听器对于极重度语前聋患者术后听觉能力康复无明显帮助。     

语后聋患者人工耳蜗植入后听觉行为及言语可懂度分级的相关因素分析

目的：应用听觉行为分级（CAP）和言语可懂度分级（SIR）评估语后聋患者人工耳蜗植入后言语交流状况,探讨其得分与听力下降时间、植入时间、术前助听器使用情况的关系。方法：回顾分析23例语后聋人工耳蜗植入者的临床资料,收集其听力下降时间、植入时间、术前助听器使用情况等相关资料,应用CAP、SIR分级评估其言语交流状况。运用IBM SPSS Statistics19软件进行统计描述及结果分析。结果：CAP分级平均得分为6．13分,统计分析示CAP分级与听力下降时间、植入时间、术前助听器使用时间无显著相关关系（均P〉0．05）。患者均为语后聋,其SIR分级的平均得分为4．91分。结论：语后聋患者人工耳蜗植入后CAP分级与听力下降时间、植入时间、术前助听器使用情况无相关性。这可能是由于CAP分级的精确性和细节上的欠缺或该研究样本量限制,未显示出其与3个变量之间的关系。SIR不适用于评估语后聋患者人工耳蜗植人后的言语状况。     

10例人工耳蜗植入儿童术后听觉、言语及学习能力发展研究

目的探讨1～7岁听障儿童植入人工耳蜗后听觉言语康复进展情况。方法在标准声场对10例儿童进行人工耳蜗术后声场听阈测试。利用听障儿童听觉言语康复评估词表在开机后3．6．9、12个月分别进行听觉言语康复评估。采用希-内学习能力测试或格蕾费斯儿童精神发育测试量表进行学习能力评估。结果随着术后康复时间的增加,10名儿童的听觉、言语、学习能力评估成绩逐步提高,提高速度和幅度存在个体差异。结论人工耳蜗植入有助于重度、极重度听障儿童的听力语言康复。术后儿童听觉言语的发展受年龄、智力、耳聋病因及术前助听器配戴情况等因素的影响。     

老年性耳聋患者人工耳蜗植入术后效果评估

目的：对老年性耳聋患者人工耳蜗植入术后的效果进行评估,探讨老年性耳聋患者人工耳蜗植入的意义。方法对24例行人工耳蜗植入术的老年性耳聋患者进行术前、术后听力学评估和言语评估并比较差异。听力学评估采用助听听阈测试、听觉行为分级评估（Categories of Auditory Performance,CAP）和词表识别率评估(word recognition score, WRS);言语评估采用言语可懂度分级标准（Speech Intelligibility Rating,SIR)。结果术后患者各频率的助听听阈较术前有显著提高,P＜0.05。术后CAP、WRS、SIR均较术前显著提高,P＜0.05。结论人工耳蜗植入可作为重度以上听力损失且助听器效果不佳的老年性耳聋患者的干预方法。     

不同听觉补偿方式下听障儿童的听觉言语康复效果比较

目的比较选配助听器与人工耳蜗植入术后听障儿童的听觉言语康复效果,探讨不同听觉补偿方式对其听觉言语康复效果的影响。方法选取32例6~43月龄选配助听器或人工耳蜗植入后的重度及极重度感音神经性语前聋患儿为研究对象,其中助听器组18名,人工耳蜗组14名,两组的听力损失程度无统计学差异,均在干预1年内进行相同的听觉言语康复训练,使用声场测听测试助听听阈;使用婴幼儿有意义听觉整合量表评估干预前及干预后3、6、9、12个月时的听觉能力;采用《听障儿童听觉言语能力评估》测试两组康复训练前后的言语能力。结果两组患儿助听听阈均优于助听前,但人工耳蜗组各频率助听听阈显著优于助听器组(P<0.05);两组听觉能力得分均随听觉补偿时间的延长而提高(P<0.05);助听器组在干预后9个月的听觉能力得分明显高于干预前、干预3个月及干预6个月(P<0.05);人工耳蜗组在术后6个月的听觉能力得分高于术前及术后3个月(P<0.05);人工耳蜗组在干预后6、9、12个月的听觉能力得分均高于助听器组(P<0.05);两组助听后康复级别及言语年龄均高于助听前,人工耳蜗组康复级别及言语年龄均高于助听器组(P<0.05)。结论对于极重度以上感音神经性聋婴幼儿,人工耳蜗植入者听觉言语康复效果优于助听器选配者。     

Electrical Suppression of Tinnitus via Cochlear Implants

Electrical suppression of tinnitus via a cochlear implant is a secondary benefit for many cochlear implant recipients. In this study, a sample of 78 adult cochlear implant users were surveyed. Data was compiled from 64 completed questionnaires. A high prevalence of preoperative tinnitus was documented in profoundly deaf adult cochlear implant users. Although only a few subjects reported that their tinnitus was totally eliminated after implantation, many users reported improvement or stabilization. Duration of tinnitus appeared to be a significant factor as all subjects who reported a significant improvement had less than a 20-year history of tinnitus.     

Rehabilitation and assessment of aural-oral speech development in children with cochlear implants

Updated models of cochlear implants provide good speech audibility and thus complete rehabilitation of children who have lost hearing after learning speech. All the children who lost hearing before learning speech can hear sounds of normal loudness and orient in sound media by means of cochlear implant. However, they need long-term audio-vocal rehabilitation the results of which depend on the age of the child's operation and hi(her) individual traits. Cochlear implants in children aged under 3 years are most perspective. Russian language methodology including 7 tests and 2 questionnaires is described. It is intended for assessment of audio-vocal development in children with cochlear implants and results of audio-vocal rehabilitation as well as of effectiveness of using cochlear implant in children over 2 years of age. Establishment of centers for cochlear implantation and introduction of cochlear implantation state program are recommended.     

Functional use of the Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant in the elderly

A questionnaire was sent to 101 Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant recipients aged 65 years and older to investigate the perceived impact of cochlear implantation on their quality of life. The questionnaire was designed to gain insight into the patient's daily use of the Nucleus implant. Sixty-seven questionnaires were returned over a 3-month period. The results of the survey showed that elderly cochlear implant patients obtained similar benefits to younger adult patients who were implanted with the same device. We believe that the results of this study will aid other centers when counseling elderly patients on the expected daily functional benefits of this device.     

Ventilation tubes and cochlear implants: what do we do?

OBJECTIVE: To determine current practice management with respect to ventilation tubes and cochlear implants. STUDY DESIGN: Questionnaire. SETTING: All members of the American Neurotology Society were sent questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Members were asked a series of questions including how they deal with ventilation tubes before cochlear implantation, how they manage serous otitis media in patients undergoing cochlear implantation, and how they manage otitis prone children with cochlear implants. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty members returned questionnaires. Surgeons who replied perform an average of 25 implants per year: 15 in adults and 10 in children. Analysis of the data revealed a wide practice variation between surgeons. Fifty-six percent of surgeons will place a cochlear implant in a patient with a clean, dry ventilation tube in place. More than half the surgeons will place a ventilation tube in a child with serous otitis media, let the ear settle down, and perform the cochlear implant at a second operation. Wide variation in the management of otitis prone children with cochlear implants exists with respect to placement of ventilation tubes. Only 5% of surgeons reported any complications with cochlear implants that they attributed to ventilation tubes. There were a number who suggested their practice had changed since the recent identification of issues involving meningitis in implantees. CONCLUSION: Wide practice variation exists with the management of ventilation tubes in cochlear implant patients. On the basis of the results of this survey, it is acceptable to place cochlear implants in patients with clean, dry ventilation tubes. It also acceptable to place ventilation tubes in otitis prone children with cochlear implants. Despite theoretic concerns, the reported incidence of complications is low.     

Aplicación de la tecnología de enrutamiento inalámbrico contralateral de la señal (CROS) en usuarios de implante coclear unilateral

IntroductionSingle cochlear implantation usually provides substantial speech intelligibility benefits but bilaterally deaf, unilaterally implanted subjects will continue to experience limitations due to the head shadow effect, like single-sided deaf individuals. In the treatment of individuals with single-sided deafness one option is contralateral routing of signal (CROS) devices, which constitute a non-surgical intervention of the second ear in unilaterally implanted individuals.MethodTwelve experienced adult cochlear implant users with Naída Q70 processor and the CROS device used in combination participated in the study. For the study 3 conditions were provided: cochlear implant only, omnidirectional microphone mode (CROS deactivated); cochlear implant plus CROS activated, omnidirectional microphone mode and cochlear implant plus CROS activated, UltraZoom mode. Speech reception thresholds were determined in quiet and noise. Subjective feedback regarding the practical usability of the CROS device and the perceived benefit were collected.ResultsThere was a 27.6% improvement in speech understanding in quiet and 32.5% improvement in noise when CROS device was activated. Using advanced directional microphones, a statistically significant benefit of 35% was obtained. The responses to the questionnaires revealed that the subjects perceived benefit in their everyday lives when using the CROS device with their cochlear implants.ConclusionThe investigated CROS device used by unilateral CI recipients in cases where bilateral implantation is not an option provides both subjective and objective speech recognition benefit when the signal is directed to the CROS device. Unfavourable conditions where speech is presented from the cochlear implant side and noise from the CROS side or diffusely were not included in this evaluation since the CROS device adds additional noise and performance is expected to decrease as has previously been shown.     

Quality of life and cochlear implant: results in adults with postlingual hearing loss

Introduction

Considering the variability of results found in the clinical population using a cochlear implant, researchers in the area have been interested in the inclusion of quality of life measures to subjectively assess the benefits of the implantation.

Scala tympani cochleostomy I: results of a survey

OBJECTIVE: To assess current surgical techniques for scala tympani cochlear implantation among North American surgeons. MATERIAL: A survey was distributed to all cochlear implant surgeons participating in the 2006 William House Cochlear Implant Study Group in Toronto, Canada. Participants were asked to anonymously identify their routine surgical practices. Images of trans-facial recess approaches to the round window and cochlear promontory were used in a multiple-choice fashion to assess the surgeon's typical exposure and cochleostomy location. Returned questionnaires were electronically processed and evaluated. RESULTS: Fifty-five (75%) of 73 returned surveys had adequate data validity and availability. Landmark identification and preferred cochleostomy locations varied greatly. About 20% of surgeons selected cochleostomy locations superior to the round window membrane. Cochleostomy size and location appeared to be influenced by surgical experience and whether or not the round window overhang was drilled off. CONCLUSION: This survey clearly documents marked variations in surgical techniques for scala tympani cochlear implantation. Future studies should more clearly define the surgical anatomy of this region for appropriate placement of a scala tympani cochleostomy. These findings may ultimately have an impact on hearing and neural preservation cochlear implant surgeries.     

Evaluation of the Digisonic® SP cochlear implant: patient outcomes and fixation system with titanium screws

Cochlear implants have revolutionized the way patients affected by severe hearing loss experience the world. Neurelec developed a fixation system with two titanium screws that requires no skull bone drilling.ObjectiveTo describe the outcomes and procedure-related details of a series of patients implanted with the Digisonic® SP cochlear implant.MethodThis retrospective study analyzed patients submitted to cochlear implant placement within a period of 18 months. All patients had postlingual hearing impairment. Data was collected from patient charts and standard questionnaires answered by the surgeons in charge of carrying out the procedures.ResultsThe six patients offered the Digisonic® SP cochlear implants were operated by experienced surgeons. The procedures took 95 to 203 minutes (mean = 135') to be completed, which is less time than what has been described for other fixation approaches. No complications were recorded and hearing improvement was satisfactory.ConclusionThe Digisonic® SP cochlear implant developed by Neurelec offered good audiological results for adult patients, shorter surgery time, and no surgical or postoperative complications.     

Caloric stimulation of the vestibular organ after cochlear implant surgery

BACKGROUND: Alterations of the vestibular organ after intracochlear insertion of the electrode array in cochlear implant (CI) surgery are estimated in the literature to be more than 30 % . By performing a most atraumatic electrode insertion following the "soft surgery technique" as described by Lehnhardt , the risk of postoperative vestibular dysfunction should be minimised. METHODS: In the present study we compared pre- and postoperative results of the caloric stimulation test in cochlear implant patients and analysed the influence of untimely opening of the perilymphatic space under cochleostomy. In addition we used a non-validated questionnaire, asking for continuous postoperative vertigo after cochlear implant surgery. RESULTS: From patients with preoperative normal or hyperfunction on the implanted ear (n = 32) approximately 16 % showed a hypofunction or nonfunction on the implanted side postoperatively, independent of the technique of the cochleostomy. Only 12 % (n = 98) of the patients who were without vestibular problems preoperatively described postoperative vertigo longer than two days in the questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS: Although we found no significant difference regarding the influence of the technique of the cochleostomy on the preservation of vestibular function, we conclude that the concept of an atraumatic electrode insertion reduces the risk of vestibular dysfunction after CI-surgery.     

语前聋成人人工耳蜗植入者嗓音的声学分析

目的观察成人语前聋人工耳蜗植入者嗓音的特点,为这类患者的植入及嗓音矫治提供依据。方法分别对28例语前聋成人人工耳蜗植入者、18例语前聋者和10例正常听力者的元音[a ]3s稳定段进行声学分析,分析内容包括基频、第一、第二共振峰、嗓音声学参数频率微扰商、振幅微扰商、谐噪比。对3组结果进行比较。结果人工耳蜗组的基频为(175 42±25 31)Hz,较耳聋组的(210 84±54 30)Hz有下降(P=0 02)。人工耳蜗组共振峰位置[F2 =(1264 64±152 19)Hz]比耳聋组[F2=(1422 44±232 37)Hz]更接近于正常听力组(P=0 02)。频率微扰商在人工耳蜗组(2 09±1 15)较耳聋组(5 32±4 29)更接近于正常听力组(P=0 006)。人工耳蜗组和耳聋组的嗓音表现出较大的个体差异。结论从嗓音声学特点的角度而言,成人语前聋人工耳蜗植入者可以有限地获益于人工耳蜗植入。由于他们的语言识别能力远远差于儿童和成人语后聋人工耳蜗植入者,其总体效果有限,对这类患者的植入应该慎重开展。