微板法测定淡色库蚊体内非特异性酯酶检测其对杀虫剂抗性的研究

目的　探讨简捷灵敏的蚊虫抗药性早期测报技术。方法　以 β -乙酸萘酯为底物 ,坚固蓝B盐为显色剂 ,用微板法测定实验室和现场单个淡色库蚊体内非特异性酯酶活力。结果　实验室五个品系淡色库蚊以抗DDVP品系非特异性酯酶活力水平最高 ,其次为抗残杀威品系和抗DDVP降解品系 ,抗氯氰菊酯品系较低 ,与敏感品系相近 ;三个现场淡色库蚊种群对DDVP抗性为 4 15～ 9 36倍 ,对残杀威抗性为 1 0 2～ 3 81倍 ,其非特异性酯酶活力水平均较高。结论　微板法测定非特异性酯酶能够检测蚊虫对有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂的抗性水平。方法简便快速 ,结果客观准确 ,可重复性强 ;可测出抗性频率 ,早期发现抗性的存在 ;可测知抗性机制 ,便于制订抗药性克服对策     

微板法测定抗药性醋酶检测淡色库蚊抗药性的研究

目的 研究简捷灵敏的蚊虫抗药性早期测报技术。方法 以β-乙酸萘酯为底物,坚固蓝B盐为显色剂,用酯酶微板法测定实验室和现场单个淡色库蚊体内非特异性酯酶活力。结果 实验室5个品系淡色库蚊以抗DDVP品系非特异性酯酶活力水平最高,其次为抗残杀威品系和抗DDVP降解品系,抗氯氰菊酯品系较低,与敏感品系相近;3个现场淡色库蚊种群对DDVP抗性为4.15～9.36倍,对残杀威抗性为1.02～3.81倍,其非特异性酯酶活力水平均较高。结论 酯酶微板法测定非特异性酯酶能够检测蚊虫对有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂的抗性水平,能够早期预测抗性发展趋势,便于制订抗药性克服对策。     

微板法测定抗药性酯酶检测淡色库蚊抗药性的研究

目的 研究简捷灵敏的蚊虫抗药性早期测报技术。方法 以β-乙酸萘酯为底物，坚固蓝B盐为显色剂，用酯酶微板法测定实验室和现场单个淡色库蚊体内非特异性酯酶活力。结果 实验室5个品系淡色库蚊以抗DDVP品系非特异性酯酶活力水平最高，其次为抗残杀威品系和抗DDVP降解品系，抗氯氰菊酯品系较低，与敏感品系相近；3个现场淡色库蚊种群对DDVP抗性为4．15～9．36倍，对残杀威抗性为1．02～3．8l倍，其非特异性酯酶活力水平均较高。结论 酯酶微板法测定非特异性酯酶能够检测蚊虫对有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂的抗性水平，能够早期预测抗性发展趋势，便于制订抗药性克服对策。     

微板法测定抗药性酯酶检测淡色库蚊抗药性的研究

目的研究简捷灵敏的蚊虫抗药性早期测报技术. 方法以β-乙酸萘酯为底物,坚固蓝B盐为显色剂,用酯酶微板法测定实验室和现场单个淡色库蚊体内非特异性酯酶活力. 结果实验室5个品系淡色库蚊以抗DDVP品系非特异性酯酶活力水平最高,其次为抗残杀威品系和抗DDVP降解品系,抗氯氰菊酯品系较低,与敏感品系相近;3个现场淡色库蚊种群对DDVP抗性为4.15～9.36倍,对残杀威抗性为1.02～3.81倍,其非特异性酯酶活力水平均较高. 结论酯酶微板法测定非特异性酯酶能够检测蚊虫对有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂的抗性水平,能够早期预测抗性发展趋势,便于制订抗药性克服对策.     

不同品系淡色库蚊各发育阶段的非特异性酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活力变化

研究并探讨非特异性酯酶（NSE）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活力在不同品系淡色库蚊（Cules pipiens pallens）各发育阶段的变化，为应用生物化学方法检测蚊虫抗药性及科学合理地进行蚊虫化学防治提供依据。用微量滴定板法测定单个蚊虫NSE和AChE活力，结果显示，敏感品系、DDVP抗性品系和残杀威抗性品系淡色库蚊NSE活力水平在不同发育阶段有变化，I－Ⅲ龄幼虫较低，Ⅳ龄幼虫、蛹和3日龄雌成蚊较高，在各发育阶段均是DDVP抗性品系NSE活力最高，残杀威抗性品系次之，敏感品系最低，其中Ⅳ龄幼虫、蛹和3日龄雌成蚊阶段三个品系间NSE活力差别更明显；三个品系淡色库蚊AChE活力在I－Ⅳ龄幼虫和蛹期较低，3日龄雌成蚊较高，三个品系间AChE活力稍有差异，从高到低依次为残杀威抗性品系、DDVP抗性品系和敏感品系。测定蚊虫NSE活力判断抗药性可选择Ⅳ龄幼虫、蛹和3日龄未吸血雌成蚊；测定蚊虫AChE不敏感性判断抗药性可选择3日龄未吸血雌成蚊；蚊虫化学防治中应选择低龄幼虫阶段施药。     

非特异性酯酶在淡色库蚊对不同杀虫剂抗性中的作用研究

目的　探讨非特异性酯酶（Non-specific esterase,NSE）在淡色库蚊对不同杀虫剂抗性中的作用。方法　以β-乙酸萘酯为底物,坚固蓝B盐为显色剂,测定室内5个品系淡色库蚊的NSE活力。结果　5个品系淡色库蚊中以抗DDVP品系NSE活力水平最高,其次为抗DDVP降解品系和抗残杀威品系。抗氯氰菊酯品系较低,与敏感品系相近。结论　NSE在淡色库蚊对有机磷类杀虫剂的抗性中起重要作用,也是对氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂产生抗性的机制之一,与对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性关系不大。     

用微量板法测定淡色库蚊非特异性酯酶判别抗药性

抗药性检测是抗性治理工作的基础 ,是预防抗性产生和发展的前提[1] 。我们根据抗性产生的生化机制 ,利用微量滴定板法对实验室和现场淡色库蚊进行了单个蚊虫非特异性酯酶测定 ,以判断其抗性。材料与方法1　供试蚊虫敏感 (Ｓ)品系 :室内常规饲养的淡色库蚊。抗性品系 :在室内分别用ＤＤＶＰ、残杀威、氯氰菊酯逐代汰选的抗ＤＤＶＰ(Ｒｄ)、抗残杀威 (Ｒｐ)、抗氯氰菊酯 (Ｒｃ)品系淡色库蚊。Ｒｄ降解品系 :Ｒｄ品系淡色库蚊连续 2 0代未用药物选育 ,进行常规饲养 ,其抗性自然减退的种群。现场种群 :分别在济宁市的李营、唐口、长沟三地采集的…     

非特异性酯酶在淡色库蚊对不同杀虫剂抗性中的作用研究

目的：探讨非特异性酯酶（Non-specific esterase,NSE)在谈色库蚊对不同杀虫剂抗性中的作用。方法：以β－乙酸萘酯为底物,坚固蓝B盐为显色剂,测定室内5个品系淡色库蚊的NSE活力。结果：5个品系淡色库蚊中以抗DDVP品系NSE活力水平最高,其次为抗DDVP降解品系和抗残杀威品系,抗氯氰菊酯品系较低,与敏感品系相近。结论：NSE在淡色库蚊对有机磷类杀虫剂的抗性中起重要作用,也是对氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂产生的机制之一,与对拟除虫菊类杀虫剂的抗性关系不大。     

5种杀虫剂配伍对淡色库蚊毒力的测定

目的为了延缓和克服蚊虫抗性的发生和发展。方法采用 WHO生物测试法 ,测定了 5种杀虫剂两两配伍对 3种抗性品系淡色库蚊的增效效果。结果对抗残杀威品系蚊虫增效效果较明显的有 :残杀威 +三氯杀虫酯、残杀威 +氯氰菊酯、DDVP+三氯杀虫酯 3种配伍形式 ;对抗 DDVP品系蚊虫增效效果较明显的配伍有 :DDVP+三氯杀虫酯、DDVP+氯氰菊酯、残杀威 +三氯杀虫酯、残杀威 +氯氰菊酯 4种配伍形式 ;对抗氯氰菊酯品系蚊虫增效效果较明显的有 :氯氰菊酯 +残杀威、氯氰菊酯 +DDVP、DDVP+三氯杀虫酯、残杀威 +三氯杀虫酯4种配伍形式。结论当淡色库蚊产生抗药性后 ,应用有机磷类或氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂与拟除虫菊酯类或有机氯类杀虫剂混用 ,能取得较好的杀虫效果     

5种杀虫剂配伍对淡色库蚊毒力的测定

目的：为了延缓和克服蚊虫抗性的发性和发展。方法：采用WHO生物测试法，测定了5种杀虫剂两两配伍对3种抗性品系淡色库蚊的增效效果。结果：对抗钱杀威品系蚊虫增效效果较明显的有：残杀威十三氯杀虫酯、残杀威＋氯氰菊酯、DDVP＋三氯杀虫酯3种配伍形式；对抗DDVP品系蚊虫增效效果较明显的配伍有：DDVP十三氯杀虫酯、DDVP＋氯氰菊酯、残杀威＋三氯杀虫酯、残杀威＋氯氰菊酯4种配伍形式；对抗氯氰菊酯品系蚊虫增效效果较明显的有：氯氰菊酯＋残杀威、氯氰菊酯＋DDVP、DDVP＋三氯杀虫酯、残杀威＋三氯杀虫酯4种配伍形式。结论：当淡色库蚊产生抗药性后，应用有机磷类或氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂与拟除虫菊酯类或有机氯类杀虫剂混用，能取得较好的杀虫效果。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.