院前急救知识公众调查分析与培训干预

正确及时有效地进行院前现场急救，是提高抢救成功率、降低致残率的关键，其中，呼救响应间期、呼救反应间期和开始现场抢救时间是院前心肺复苏成功的核心问题^[1]。我们对不同人群在院前现场应急抢救状态进行调查和分析后，对被调查者进行培训干预，提高现场急救能力和参与意识，效果明显，现报告如下。     

两种急救知识和技能培训方法对低年资护士的培训效果影响研究

目的：通过分析低年资护士急救知识和技能的掌握情况,比较两种不同方法的培训效果。方法：将2011年7月～2013年9月我院255名低年资护士随机分成对照组与观察组,由我院6位专业的BLS/ACLS导师对她们进行急救知识和急救技能的培训,对照组采用传统培训方法,观察组采用AHA培训方法,比较两组急救知识和急救技能掌握情况。结果：两组培训后急救知识和急救技能掌握情况比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：低年资护士急救知识和急救技能总体掌握情况不理想,采用AHA的培训方法,能明显提高其掌握水平,值得推广。     

杭州市居民院前急救培训现状的调查

目的 了解杭州市居民院前急救意识及培训需求,院前急救知识与技能获取途径、掌握和培训现状,为开展培训提供参考依据.方法 采用描述性研究方法,自行设计调查问卷,对杭州市某医院500名杭州市居民进行调查分析.结果 居民院前急救意识及培训需求较高,当发现有人突然晕倒在地不省人事时愿意呼救的占95.80%,认为对居民进行院前急救培训是有意义的占95.20%,如果开展培训,有87.60%的居民愿意参加;居民获得院前急救知识的途径比较单一,业余时间看报纸、杂志、电视,占所有获取途径的69.80%,而通过参加培训获取院前急救知识的人只占5.40%;对院前基本急救知识掌握较好,但心肺复苏知识掌握较差,被调查者知道胸外心脏按压部位、按压频率、按压深度的分别占10.20%,17.00%,13.40%;院前急救培训普及率较低,近5年接受过院前急救知识相关教育或培训的居民只占10.60%.结论 针对居民目前掌握院前急救知识的现状,急需开展心肺复苏知识和技能方面的培训,以便提高居民心肺复苏知识与技能水平.     

我国部分省市中小学生急救知识与需求现状调查

目的 了解我国中小学生急救知识与技能掌握情况和需求现状,为进一步开展适应其认知水平的系统性、规范化急救培训课程提供参考依据.方法 自行设计中小学生基本急救知识和技能现状调查问卷,以方便抽样的方法,对全国8个省市地区的302名中小学生进行调查分析.结果 中小学生急救知识总体平均知晓率低于50％;知晓率最高的是对急救电话的拨打方法,达78.67％;参加过急救知识和技能培训的学生仅为36.67％;98％的学生表示愿意参加急救知识与技能的培训.结论 中小学生急救知识与技能的掌握现状令人堪忧,亟待在家长监督、课程建设、教学组织和社区参与等方面采取对策,加强中小学生急救知识与技能的教育培训.     

一分钟急救药品训练法的设计与应用效果

目的设计1min急救药品训练法,并观察其应用效果。方法计时1min计数护士按指令拿取急救药品的支数及回答1min所拿取的每支药品的剂量。书面回答1～2个急救药物相关知识问题,包括该急救药品的作用、用法、用量、不良反应及观察要点等。设计1rain拿取急救药品评分表,每季度以此为标准对临床护士培训及考核,并作为判断护士该项目是否达标及奖励优胜科室和个人的依据。结果80名护士培训前后1min拿取急救药品数量分别为（12±2．52）,（22±4．19）支,差异有统计学意义（U=18．29,P〈0．01）;药品剂量准确率分别为77％,98％,差异有统计学意义（χ2=20．16,P〈0．01）;急救药物知识考试平均分分别为（67±2．66）,（93±3．73）分,差异有统计学意义（U=50．76,P〈0．01）。结论1rain急救药品训练法有趣且快速提升护士对急救药品熟悉程度;定时复训,解决了对已培训过关的急救技能因长期不用而遗忘的问题,为临床急救快速有效提供了用力保障。     

高仿真模拟人在急救护理技能实训中的应用效果

目的探讨高仿真模拟人实训法在急救护理技能实训中的应用效果。方法选取该院急诊护士60名,按随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各30名。研究组采用高仿真模拟人实训法,对照组采用传统培训方法。比较两组护士的技能实训成绩,采取问卷形式调查研究组急诊护士对高仿真模拟实训法的设计以及实施情况的评价。结果实训结束后,研究组护士的理论及实训技能操作成绩均明显优于对照组(P<0.05);研究组所有急诊护士认为在急救护理技能实训中采取高仿真模拟人法有助于提高急救护理能力,且多数护士认可高仿真模拟人的设计及实施,并认为有利于提高各项急救护理能力。结论高仿真模拟人实训法能有效提高急救护理培训效果,对临床急救护理有指导意义,为培养专业的急救护理人才提供了保障。     

Evidence-based educational pathway for the integration of first aid training in school curricula

Background“Calling for help, performing first aid and providing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)” is part of the educational goals in secondary schools in Belgium (Flanders). However, for teachers it is not always clear at what age children can be taught which aspects of first aid. In addition, it is not clear what constitutes “performing first aid” and we strongly advocate that the first aid curriculum is broader than CPR training alone.ObjectivesTo develop an evidence-based educational pathway to enable the integration of first aid into the school curriculum by defining the goals to be achieved for knowledge, skills and attitudes, for different age groups.MethodsStudies were identified through electronic databases research (The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase). We included studies on first aid education for children and adolescents up to 18 years old. A multidisciplinary expert panel formulated their practice experience and expert opinion and discussed the available evidence.ResultsWe identified 5822 references and finally retained 30 studies (13 experimental and 17 observational studies), including studies concerning emergency call (7 studies), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (18 studies), AED (Automated External Defibrillator) use (6 studies), recovery position (5 studies), choking (2 studies), injuries (5 studies), and poisoning (2 studies). Recommendations (educational goals) were derived after carefully discussing the currently available evidence in the literature and balancing the skills and attitudes of children of different ages.ConclusionsAn evidence-based educational pathway with educational goals concerning learning first aid for each age group was developed. This educational pathway can be used for the integration of first aid training in school curricula.     

深圳市高学历社区开展急救知识和技能培训的效果分析

目的了解高学历社区居民急救知识掌握现状,探讨社区的急救健康教育方法,提高居民自救互救能力。方法采用问卷调查法,选定广东省深圳市华为社区进行干预,对其进行现场医学急救知识培训,比较培训前后的急救知识掌握程度。结果干预后急救知识知晓率从原来的44．0％上升至培训后的96．5％（X2=338．07,P〈0．05）,心肺复苏术的简单处置率从约10．0％上升到近90．0％,组间比较差异具有统计学意义（x2=272．17,P〈0．05）;急救知识培训有明显效果。结论在社区居民中开展急救知识培训非常必要,适合在全社会大力推广。     

护士掌握急救技能及急救物品相关知识的现状调查

目的了解临床护理人员对病区急救室物品相关知识的认知程度及急救技能的掌握情况,为提高护士急救水平提供依据。方法采用问卷调查法对217名护理人员对急救室物品相关知识的掌握情况进行调查;采用现场考核法分次随机考核200名护理人员的急救技术。结果60.83%的护士对急救室物品相关知识认知缺乏,30.16%的护士对急救车药品不熟悉,53.00%的护士对急救室抢救器材的使用不熟练。结论建议为临床护士提供有针对性的急救知识与技能培训,并在急救室质量评价中增加急救物品管理知识的评价内容。     

企业员工急救知识培训情况和需求的调查分析

目的了解企业员工急救知识培训情况和需求。方法采用自行设计的急救知识培训情况及需求的调查问卷,对1532名企业员工进行问卷调查。结果 1532名企业员工中,38.05%急救知识来源主要从报刊、书上获得,78.13%完全没有接受过任何的急救知识培训,82.25%以上希望和认为有必要接受急救知识培训,92.56%对急救培训内容的需求是一般急救常识,28.66%和41.05%最期望的急救培训方式是急救知识讲座和模拟演练。结论企业员工急救知识和技能的培训极度缺乏。积极推进企业员工急救知识和技能培训对提高公民自救或互救能力具有重要意义。     

Effect of basic life support training on the knowledge and skills of first aid of first year medical students

Objective: To determine the timing of first aid training in the medical school curriculum and the training method with the 8-hour first aid training given to the first-grade students of the faculty of medicine.Method: The study was conducted prospectively with 168 first year medical students at Faculty of Medicine, Maltepe University in October 2019. An 8-hour course plan consisting of theoretical and practical applications was prepared. Theoretical courses included cardiopulmonary resuscitation, basic life supports, epileptic seizures, heatstroke, aspiration, and drowning issues, while practical applications included cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques, basic life support scenarios, Heimlich's Maneuver and the coma position. Students were sent a link consisting of 17 questions created with Google forms at the beginning and the end of the course. Learned knowledge was measured with the posttest, and pre-and post-training results were compared. Results: A significant increase was found in the rate of correct answers compared to the pre-training period. Even the rate of correct post-test answers increased significantly in all questions; the increase in the questions related to the subjects supported by practical applications was more remarkable. It was found that more incorrect answers were given to questions about environmental injuries. Conclusions: It is possible to improve the public recognition of first aid, even with one day of theoretical and practical training. Thus, adding first aid practical courses to the first-year medical school curriculum and raising awareness at an earlier age will play an essential role in medical education.