铅中毒儿童血清锌、铜、铁、钙等元素含量变化

目的探讨铅中毒儿童体内锌、铜、铁、钙等元素含量变化。方法采用分层随机抽样方法进行抽样。在市区、农村、海岛共抽取540名儿童。对这些儿童进行血铅及其他元素(锌、铜、铁、钙等)含量测定,并分析这些元素含量在儿童铅中毒情况下有无变化。结果铅中毒组血锌水平(4.93±1.12)mg/L,明显低于非铅中毒组(t=2.282 P<0.05),其他元素含量两组无差异。多元逐步回归分析结果显示儿童体内血锌、血铜含量对儿童血铅水平有显著意义。结论补充适量锌制剂或通过膳食补锌可预防儿童铅中毒,减少铅对机体的毒性作用。     

铅中毒幼鼠血铅、锌、铜、铁、钙水平变化

目的探讨慢性铅中毒幼鼠血铅、锌、铜、铁、钙水平变化。方法选取健康21 d断乳昆明小鼠48只,随机分为4组,每组12只。蒸馏水为对照组,余3组分别为10、20、40 mg/kg醋酸铅染毒组,按10 mL/kg灌胃染毒,1次/d,连续染毒46 d后摘眼球采血,用BS微量元素分析仪对血铅、锌、铜、铁水平进行测定,血浆钙用Dimension-RXL全自动生化分析仪测定。结果随着给铅水平的增加,小鼠血铅和铜均升高,而锌下降,铅中毒组与对照组相比,血铅、锌、铜均有显著性差异(P<0.01,0.05),而全血铁和血浆钙水平均无显著性差异(P均>0.05)。结论铅中毒可引起血锌下降和血铜升高,锌可能具有拮抗铅的毒性作用。实用儿科临床杂志,2006,21(14):936-937     

金昌市学龄前儿童血铅水平与8种微量元素的相关性研究

目的探讨甘肃省金昌市学龄前儿童高铅血症现状及血铅水平与微量元素铜、锌、钒、铬、锰、钴、镓、锗间的相互关系。方法随机抽取金昌市部分幼儿园的256名儿童,用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度仪进行血铅、铜、锌、钒、铬、锰、钴、镓、锗含量的测定。结果①256名儿童血铅含量为28.30～268.00μg/L,平均（126.19&#177;52.91）μg/L,其中〉100μg/L者160名（占62.54%）。②钒、铜元素水平男高于女,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05、0.01）;不同年龄组间锌、锗元素在6～7岁较2岁组降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。③铜元素在高血铅组较低血铅组增高,锌、锰、钴元素在高血铅组较低血铅组降低,差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。④多元线性回归分析显示血铅与血锌、钴元素呈负相关。结论金昌市学龄前儿童高铅血症发生率高,应加强环境污染的治理,儿童应定期复查血铅水平,给予针对性的健康教育和营养指导。儿童高铅血症可导致血锌、锰、钴元素水平下降,血铜元素升高。     

矮小儿童骨密度与血锌、钙、铁、铅的关系

目的 探讨矮小儿童骨密度与血锌、钙、铁、铅的关系,为矮小儿童低骨密度的临床防治提供依据.方法 随机抽取2006年8月-2007年8月本院内分泌科门诊诊断5～10岁矮小儿童295例;对照组为本院儿童保健门诊正常发育儿童120例.超声骨密度仪测定二组桡骨末端1/3处骨密度超声波速度(SOS)值,同时测定其左手无名指末梢非空腹血锌、钙、铁、铅水平.结果 矮小儿童295例中骨密度低者119例(占40%);对照组骨密度低者33例(占27.5%).矮小低骨密度组血锌(67.6±11.4)μmol/L,钙(1.36±O.3) μmol/L,对照低骨密度组血锌(78.2±10.3) μmol/L、钙(1.43±0.8) μmol/L,二组比较差异有显著性(Pa<0.05);矮小低骨密度组锌、钙缺乏的发病率分别为38.0%、47.0%,高于对照低骨密度组(24.0%、39.0%),差异有显著性(P<0.05);矮小低骨密度组血铁(7.24±1.6) μmol/L,稍低于对照低骨密度组[(7.43±1.6) μmol/L],差异无显著性(P>0.05),二组铁缺乏发病率、血铅及铅中毒发病率无显著性差异(Pa>0.05).结论 矮小儿童低骨密度的发生率高与锌、钙营养缺乏有关,应加强矮小儿童锌、钙缺乏的防治,以减少成年后骨质疏松的患病率.     

湖南省城镇学龄前儿童血铅水平流行病学调查

目的：调查湖南省城镇学龄前儿童血铅水平及影响因素,为儿童铅中毒的防治提供科学依据。方法：2008年9月至2009年6月整群随机抽取湖南省12个地区城镇学龄前儿童2 044名,男1 108名,女936名,年龄2～6岁,平均4.4±1.1岁。采用原子吸收光谱法测定末梢血血铅水平, 并采用《中国部分城市儿童铅中毒防治项目调查表》进行问卷调查。Logistic回归分析血铅水平的影响因素。结果：湖南省学龄前儿童平均血铅值为81.9±34.5 μg/L。血铅水平≥100 μg/L者482例,占23.58%。其中血铅水平100～199 μg/L(高铅血症)472例,占23.09%,血铅水平≥200 μg/L（铅中毒）10例,占0.49%。不同年龄组间血铅异常(血铅水平≥100 μg/L)率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男童的血铅异常率为28.99%,高于女童的 21.98% （P<0.01）。不同地区儿童血铅异常率差异亦有统计学意义 (P<0.01)。回归分析显示,男性(OR=1.449, P<0.01)、父亲从事铅暴露职业(OR=1.314, P<0.01)及母亲常用染发剂（OR=1.678,P<0.05）为儿童血铅异常的危险因素。结论：湖南省城镇学龄前儿童血铅异常率较高。该省城镇学龄前儿童血铅异常率与儿童所在地区和年龄有关。男性、父亲从事铅暴露职业及母亲常用染发剂为儿童血铅异常的危险因素。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12（8）：645-649］     

许昌市健康儿童指血微量元素水平的变化

目的 了解许昌市2个月-7岁健康儿童指血微量元素水平的变化,为临床诊断和病因研究提供可靠的依据.方法 按年龄分为2-6个月、>6个月～1岁、>1～2岁、>2～3岁、>3～4岁、>4～5岁、>5～6岁、>6～7岁组共8组,用原子吸收光谱仪直接快速测定1155名健康儿童指血中铜、锌、钙、镁、铁5种微量元素水平.采用SPSS 13.0软件包进行统计学分析.结果 许昌市健康儿童微量元素水平在各年龄组的变化有一定的规律性,铜、镁、钙元素水平在2个月-7岁间无显著年龄段差异,而锌、铁元素水平有较大的年龄阶梯,即锌、铁有随年龄增加而递增的趋势,儿童年龄越小,指血中锌、铁水平越低.健康儿童指血铜、锌、钙、铁水平男女间无明显差异.结论 健康儿童指血微量元素检测结果 可作为临床诊断和病因研究的依据,应注意预防儿童缺铁、缺锌和缺钙问题.在给儿童补充锌、铁时,需根据膳食调查、临床表现、血中锌、铁水平测定结果 综合判断,既要满足儿童锌、铁的需要量,又要避免过度补充.     

季节变化对健康体检儿童血铅水平的影响

目的探讨季节变化对儿童血铅水平的影响。方法采用阳极溶出伏安法对健康查体儿童进行血铅检测,将入组儿童分婴幼儿组(1个月~3岁)、学龄前组(3~6岁)、学龄组(6~12岁)和青少年组(12~18岁),分析不同季节儿童血铅水平及铅中毒状况。结果共检测儿童13 233例。年龄1个月~18岁;男8315例,女4918例。平均血铅质量浓度60μg/L,第5和第95百分位数为19、138μg/L,儿童铅中毒检出率为14.8%,检出率随年龄增长而上升,以轻度铅中毒为主(χ2=116.3125 P<0.0001)。按照冬、春、秋、夏季顺序,血铅质量浓度分别为48、60、61、66μg/L;铅中毒检出率分别为9.5%、12.6%、15.5%、18.4%。夏、秋季节儿童铅质量浓度及铅中毒检出率有明显季节差异(χ2=128.0371 P<0.0001),多元Logistic回归结果分析显示男童、年龄越大越易发生铅中毒,秋、春、夏季发生铅中毒危险性较冬季大。结论儿童血铅水平与季节有关。北京地区秋季儿童铅中毒危险性最大。     

降低儿童血铅水平的干预研究

目的　通过 3年来对厦门儿童血铅水平的监测和干预 ,总结血铅检测和降低儿童血铅的方法。方法　采用间接血锌原卟啉 (ZPP)和直接石墨炉原子吸收仪检测血铅水平 ,以及部分计数嗜碱性点彩红细胞。每年对托幼机构的儿童保健人员进行培训和到托幼机构进行指导 ,对家长进行防铅宣教。结果　 1999年、2 0 0 0年、2 0 0 2年高ZPP组的筛查率分别为 11 2 7%、9 0 2 %和 6 5 2 % ,呈逐年下降 ;中度以上铅中毒儿童的血铅与嗜碱性点彩红细胞铅中毒有显著的相关关系。结论　在无显著铅污染的环境下 ,对于普通儿童 ,切实做好防铅保健 ,及时定期监测血铅水平 ,可以达到显著降低儿童血铅水平的目的。在无原子吸收仪的医院 ,嗜碱性点彩红细胞对于儿童中度以上铅中毒诊断有一定的参考价值。     

儿童铅中毒高危因素分析

目的探讨儿童铅中毒发生的高危因素,以便能更好地进行预防。方法选择1055例门诊患儿。年龄5个月~16岁,平均(7.2±3.5)岁。应用3010-B血铅分析仪对患儿进行血铅测定;同时对每位患儿进行铅中毒影响因素问卷调查。结果儿童血铅水平(110.1±41.9)μg/L,铅中毒(血铅≥100μg/L)检出率为43.51%,各年龄组血铅水平无显著差异。多因素逐步回归分析显示,对儿童血铅水平发生显著影响因素依次是不勤洗手、经常吃膨化食品、偏(挑)食、不常补钙和锌及经常居室装修。结论不良的饮食和生活习惯是儿童铅中毒发生的高危因素。     

佝偻病患儿血清微量元素水平测定及相关分析

目的：人体内某些微量元素与儿童佝偻病的发病密切相关,该文探讨佝偻病患儿体内微量元素(钙、锌、铜、镁、铅)变化及其水平与佝偻病的相互关系。方法：选择46例佝偻病患儿和68例正常儿童采用火焰原子吸收法测定血清钙(Ca)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)和镁(Mg),采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定血清铅(Pb)。结果：佝偻病患儿血钙和血锌水平低于正常对照组,血铜和血铅高于正常对照组,差异均有显著性意义;血镁稍高于正常对照组,但两组之间差异无显著性。相关分析显示,佝偻病与血钙和血锌水平呈负相关(r=-0.538,P<0.01;r=-0.316,P<0.05),与血铅水平呈正相关(r=0.253,P<0.05),佝偻病患儿血钙与血锌呈正相关(r=0.523,P<0.01),与血镁、血铅呈负相关(r=-0.231,P<0.05;r=-0.367,P<0.05)。结论：该组检测结果提示低锌和高铅可能参与了佝偻病的发病及骨骼改变;对于佝偻病正规治疗效果不显著者,应注意检查血锌和血铅水平。     

青岛市婴幼儿佝偻病312例血微量营养素分析

目的探讨微量营养素与维生素D(VitD)缺乏性佝偻病的相关性。方法选择佝偻病患儿312例和健康儿童297例,采用原子吸收光谱法测定血钙、镁及锌、铁、铜、铅和铬水平。结果佝偻病患儿血钙、锌、铁水平降低,而铅、镁升高,组间差异具有非常著性意义(P均<0.01);相关性分析,佝偻病与钙、锌、铁呈负相关;与血铅、镁呈正相关(P均<0.01)。佝偻病血微量营养素间相关性分析,钙与锌、铁,锌与铁呈正相关,铅与钙、锌、铁,镁与铁呈明显负相关。佝偻病铅中毒发生率为8.01%。结论血钙、锌、铁降低及铅、镁升高与佝偻病密切相关。补充锌、铁制剂及高铅干预治疗是佝偻病防治的措施之一。     

重庆市10～12岁儿童年龄别与性别别微量元素参考值与微量元素之间相关性研究

目的 探讨重庆地区10～12岁儿童微量元素参考值范围及微量元素间的相关关系。方法 采取分层整群抽样方法在重庆城乡地区抽取10～12岁儿童2058例,采集静脉血,测量静脉全血微量元素水平。采用非参数参考值估计方法计算儿童微量元素参考值,并采用广义线性回归模型分析微量元素间的相关关系。结果 研究结果表明钙(Ca)、锌(Zn)、镁(Mg)、铜(Cu)和铁(Fe)的总体参考值范围分别为1.35～2.13 mmol/L,56.42～107.00μmol/L,1.23～1.81 mmol/L,8.25～22.37μmol/L和6.14～9.45mmol/L。女性儿童Mg、Cu和Fe的水平均低于男性儿童(P<0.05),城市儿童Zn和Cu的水平高于农村儿童,Ca、Mg和Fe的水平低于农村儿童(P<0.01)。Ca和Cu的水平随着年龄的增加呈现降低的趋势,Zn、Mg和Fe的水平随着年龄的增加呈现增加的趋势。广义线性回归模型显示Ca、Zn、Mg、Cu和Fe五种微量元素间均存在显著的相关关系(P<0.01)。结论 该研究建立了青春期儿童年龄-性别别Ca、Zn、Mg、Cu和Fe的参考值范围...     

Mineral composition of the milk of mothers of premature infants during early lactation

The authors have assessed the concentration of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lithium (Li), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the milk of mothers with premature births, during the first month of lactation. The levels of Na, Cu and Mn were decreased and those of K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Li were unchanged. The needs of Na, Ca and Mn for the premature infants are insufficient. Li, present in all the milk samples at a constant level, seems to be a common component. The incidence of Cd in the milk of 7 mothers and of Pb in 4 milk samples indicates their clearance from the mothers' organism.     

Determination of heavy metal contents in human colostrum samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry

Determination of lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, manganese and copper levels in colostrum samples (n = 30), collected from middle-class mothers, was carried out by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometer (ETAAS) with Zeeman effect background correction using a tungsten-palladium-citric acid chemical modifier mixture. A wet-ashing procedure was applied to dissolve the samples and to remove the fat. The graphite furnace temperature programme for analytes determined by ETAAS was studied, and the optimum pyrolysis temperatures of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Mn and Cu were determined in the presence of the modifier mixture. Detection limits of Pb, Cd, Cu, Mn and Cr were determined using a modifier mixture solution. Zinc and iron levels were determined by Zeeman flame atomic absorption spectrometer (F-AAS). Heavy metal levels (mean values) found in colostrum samples were 14.6 microg/l of Pb, 2.8 microg/l of Cd, 27.8 microg/l of Ni, 8.6 microg/l of Cr, 43.2 microg/l of Mn, 278 microg/l of Cu, 12.9 mg/l of Zn, and 3.5 mg/l of Fe. These metal levels were compared with results from other studies in different countries.     

Bile secretion of trace elements in rats with a congenital defect in hepatobiliary transport of glutathione

Bile secretion of trace elements, analyzed by proton-induced x-ray emission, was studied in rats with a congenital defect in hepatobiliary transport of organic anions [Groningen Yellow (GY) rats], in which the process of bile secretion resembles that of the neonatal period. Bile flow (-41%) and biliary glutathione secretion (-99%) were drastically impaired in GY rats compared with controls. Plasma concentrations of all detectable trace elements (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, Br, and Se), as well as that of simultaneously determined Ca, were similar in GY and age-matched control Wistar rats. Bile concentrations of Fe, Mo, Br, and Ca were also similar in both groups, resulting in a approximately 40% reduction of their secretion rates in GY rats. The concentrations of Zn (-62%) and Mn (-64%) were significantly lower in GY rats in contrast to that of Cu, which was 50% higher. Se could not be detected in bile of either group. Recovery in bile (% dose/3 h) after i.v. injection of MnCl2, CuSO4, or SeO2 (1 mg metal/kg) was lower in GY rats than in controls: Mn, 26 and 35%; Cu, 2.6 and 5%; and Se, 1.5 and 5%, respectively. Injection of ZnSO4 did not lead to increased Zn secretion in GY rats, and only 1.1% of the dose was recovered in controls. Thus, the hepatic handling of different endogenous and exogenously administered trace metals is affected to a variable extent in the GY rat. For a number of metals (e.g. Fe, Mo), this may be related to the reduced bile flow; for others (e.g. Zn, Mn, Cu), other regulatory factors appear to be responsible.     

Low plasma zinc and iron in pica

Objective : To determine role of trace elements in causation of pica with specific reference to zinc and iron we studied plasma levels of iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) and blood lead (Pb) levels by atomic absorption spectrophotometer in 31 children with pica (Pica Group) and 60 controls matched for age, sex and nutrition (Control Group) in an observational case and control study in the settings of outpatient clinic of a tertiary care, teaching hospital.Methods : Data from each group were further stratified by hemoglobin level &lt;9 and >9 g/dl into two subgroups pica-1 and pica-2, and control-1 and control-2 respectively, to control for confounding effect of iron deficiency anemia.Results : The plasma Fe level (mean ±SD) in children with pica (42.7 ±9.2) mg/dl) was about 20% lower than that in controls (51.5 ±10.0 mg/dl, p&lt;0.001). Plasma Zn levels in the pica group (60 ±4.4 mg/dl) was about 45% lower than those in controls (110.2±8.5 mg/dl, p&lt;0.001). Correlation of Zn and Fe levels with pica-related variables such as age at onset, duration and frequency and number of inedible objects ingested was not significant.Conclusion : These findings suggest that hypozincemia with low iron levels may be the possible cause of pica and contradict the contention that low levels of plasma Zn and Fe could be an effect of pica.     

中国部分城市儿童血铅状况及其影响因素

目的 了解我国学前儿童血铅状况及其影响因素.方法 2004年起连续5年采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取银川、西安、成都、武汉、合肥、北京、长沙、哈尔滨、郑州、呼和浩特、石家庄、海口、大连、青岛、广州、南宁各城市相同城区固定幼儿园及社区的69 968名0～6岁儿童进行问卷调查,原子吸收法测定其血铅含量.结果 (1)5年儿童血铅含量≥100μg/L平均检出率为7.57%,血铅平均水平为(45.00±2.05)μg/L,均低于我国既往调查.2004-2008年儿童血铅含量≥100 μg/L检出率分别为10.03%、7.85%、7.40%、6.91%、4.78%(x2=297.36,P＜0.0001).2004-2008年儿童血铅平均含量≥100μg/L检出率海口12.15%、郑州10.49%、广州10.37%、石家庄9.69%、长沙9.53%、西安9.46%、武汉9.40%、合肥8.50%、成都7.99%、银川7.98%、哈尔滨7.51%、北京6.10%、大连3.25%、呼和浩特2.89%、南宁2.46%、青岛2.39%(x2=768.21,P＜0.0001).(2)Logistic回归分析:母亲文化程度低、儿童年龄大、常咬文具/玩具、男性、在交通繁忙地带散步/玩耍时间较长、进食前不洗手、常食爆米花、常服中草药、常吸吮手指啃指甲、住房楼层低、室内墙皮脱落、常玩橡皮泥、住所周围有油漆/蓄电池/炼钢铁/炼油/印刷厂、离主干道较近是其血铅含量≥100μg/L的危险因素.散居、常服钙、铁、锌制剂、常食乳类及乳制品、母亲年龄较大是保护因素(P＜0.05).结论 儿童血铅含量≥100 μg/L检出率高于发达国家,铅暴露是我国儿童的公共卫生问题.儿童血铅状况受外环境和自身多因素影响.政府及社会应以环境干预切断污染源为手段,以营养干预健康教育为方法,减少儿童铅暴露及其危害.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the blood lead status and influencing factors among preschool children in the sampling city. Method Stratified-clustered-random sampling was used. Standardized questionnaire and peripheral blood samples were obtained from 69 968 children aged 0-6 years in fixed kindergartens and communities of Yinchuan, Xi'an, Chengdu, Wuhan, Hefei, Beijing, Harbin,Zhengzhou,Huhhot,Shijiazhuang,Haikou,Dalian,Qingdao,Guangzhou,Nanning and Changsha from 2004 to 2008,respectively.Tungsten atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry was employed to determine the blood lead level of children. Result The proportion of children with blood lead level ≥ 100 μg/L was 7.57%(among which the proportion of high blood lead level,mild lead poisoning,moderate lead poisoning,severe lead poisoning were 91.0% ,2.76% ,3.32% ,2.93%,respectively)and the blood leadlevel was lower than those of the past studies.The proportion of high blood lead level has steadily declined from 2004 to 2008 [the proportions were 10.03%,7.85%,7.40%,6.91% and 4.78%,respectively (x2 =297.36,P＜ 0.0001)].The proportion of children with blood lead level ≥ 100 μg/L in Haikou,Zhengzhou,Guangzhou,Shijiazhuang,Changsha ,Xi'an,Wuhan,Hefei,Chengdu,Yinchuan,Harbin,Beijing,Dalian,Huhhot,Nanning and Qingdao were 12.15%,10.49%,10.37%,9.69%,9.53%,9.46%,9.40%,8.50%,7.99%,7.98%,7.51%,6.10%,3.25%,2.89%,2.46% and 2.39%,respectively(x2 =768.21,P＜ 0.0001).By multiple regression method,the risk factors which influenced blood lead status of children were education status of mother,older children,behavior and dietary habit of children,boy,stay for long time in traffic busy areas,the type of housing,taking traditional Chinese and herbal medicine.The protective factors against lead poisoning in children mainly included scattered living,the nutritional status of calcium,iron,zinc,frequent intake of milk,and older mother.Conclusion The blood lead level of children has decreased,but is still higher than those in developed countries. Lead exposure remains a public health issue which affects children most. The blood lead level of children is affected by multiple factors. Government and the whole society should pay attention to interrupt the lead pollutant and to promote nutritional health education.With all these efforts,it is possible to stop the progress of lead exposure and reduce its hazardous effects on the growth and development of children.     

The Levels of Calcium and Magnesium,and of Selected Trace Elements,in Whole Blood and Scalp Hair of Children with Growth Retardation

Objective

Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) are essential for human beings. Chronic metabolic disturbances may result from an excess or deficiency of these metals. Ca and Mg are also nutrient elements and play an important role in biological systems. Thus, it is very important to check regularly trace elements concentration in the body. The purpose of this study was to measure the content of Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca and Mg in whole blood and hair of children with growth retardation compared to that of controls.

Methods

A quantitative elemental analysis of whole blood and scalp hair of children with constitutional growth retardation (n = 27) and matched controls (n = 21) was used to find out correlation and possible changes, between growth retardation and healthy controls. Atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) analysis of quantitative method was used to determine iron, zinc, copper, calcium and magnesium levels of whole blood and scalp hair.

Findings

The whole blood levels of Fe and Zn were significantly lower in children with growth retardation (P<0.05), but there were no differences in Cu, Ca and Mg concentrations in whole blood between children with growth retardation and healthy controls. The hair levels of Fe, Zn, Ca and Mg were significantly lower in children with growth retardation when compared to that of controls (P<0.05). The Cu concentrations in the hair of children with growth retardation and healthy controls showed no significant differences (P>0.05).

Conclusion

The usefulness and significance of these elements in growth retardation should be discussed more detailed in the light of the most recent data.     

Relationship Between Low-Level Lead Exposure and Neurobehaviors of Preschool Children

目的　探讨低水平铅暴露对儿童神经行为的影响。方法　整群随机抽取某市幼儿园 4～ 6岁 2 11名儿童为研究对象 ,采指端末梢血 2 0 μl,原子吸收石墨炉法测定血铅 ,以血铅水平 10 0 μg/L为界 ,分为高血铅组(≥ 10 0 μg/L)和低血铅组 (<10 0 μg/L) ,采用Achenbach儿童行为量表 (CBCL)及自拟调查表进行问卷调查 ,其结果运用t ,χ2 检验 ,简相关及多元逐步回归等方法进行统计分析。结果　高血铅组外向行为得分及行为异常率(13.2 8± 6 .2 6 ,18.2 6 % )显著高于低血铅组 (9.98± 5 .4 6 ,7.2 9% ) (t =4 .0 6 77,χ2 =5 .4 70 ,均P <0 .0 5 ) ,血铅值与外向行为中多动、攻击、违纪因子分显著正相关 (r =0 .316 4 ,0 .2 82 8,0 .1886 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,血铅值≥ 15 0 μg/L时 ,行为异常率显著增加 (χ2 =13.6 95 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　低水平铅暴露对儿童外向行为具有负性影响。