经皮椎体成形术或椎体后凸成形术治疗多节段老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术、椎体后凸成形术治疗多节段老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折的疗效.方法 根据影像学特点,对13例老年骨质疏松性多节段脊柱压缩骨折选择性进行单侧经皮椎体成形术或球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术.年龄54～83岁;其中2个椎体压缩8例,3个椎体压缩4例,4个椎体压缩1例.结果 13例在术后腰背部疼痛基本消失,24小时后均离床活动,患者的视觉模拟评分(VAS)由术前(8.3±1.5)分降至术后(2.5±1.2)分,手术前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),椎体高度恢复明显,Cobb角平均矫正10.17°.术后随访6～12个月,腰背痛无复发.结论 对多节段老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的患者,根据影像学特点选择经皮椎体成形术、球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗能取得满意的疗效.     

球囊后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折

目的 探讨球囊后凸成形术对骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的疗效.方法 回顾性随访2005～2007年采用经皮球囊后凸椎体成形术治疗老年人骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折27例,43个椎体,测量术前术后骨折椎体的后凸角度,采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)比较患者术前和术后的疼痛变化.结果 本组病例均能耐受该手术,有5个椎体出现轻度骨水泥渗漏,但患者没有临床症状.术前术后脊柱X线片显示椎体高度有所恢复,脊柱后凸畸形改善,术前椎体后凸角度(19.7±7.2)°,术后(11.6±5.3)°,所有患者疼痛明显缓解,疼痛视觉模拟评分由术前8.0±1.3下降至术后3.7±1.5.结论 球囊后凸成形术能够有效地控制骨折疏松椎体压缩性骨折导致的疼痛,并可以部分恢复椎体高度和脊柱后凸畸形,有利于改善脊柱的功能,提高患者的生活质量.     

椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的进展

骨质疏松性椎体骨折的治疗一直是临床热点,其目的是缓解疼痛,提高生活质量;减轻脊柱的后凸畸形。近几年随着椎体成形术的发展和应用,骨质疏松性椎体骨折的治疗取得了较大的发展,并且经皮穿刺椎体成形术(PVP)和经皮后凸椎体成形术(PKP)已取得了较好的疗效。本文就PVP和PKP治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的进展作一简要综述。     

高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术对骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折患者的有效性及骨密度的影响

目的 探究高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术对骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折患者的有效性及骨密度的影响。方法 回顾性分析南阳市中心医院骨科2017年1—2018年12月收治的100例骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折患者,男性51例,女性49例;年龄43～84岁,平均61. 4岁。其中采用低黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术治疗患者50例为低黏度组,余50例采用高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术治疗为高黏度组。比较两组VAS评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI指数)脊柱评分、骨折椎体后凸Cobb角、骨密度(BMD)以及骨水泥渗漏情况。结果 术前,两组VAS评分、ODI脊柱评分、椎体后凸Cobb角和BMD水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);术后6个月,两组VAS评分、ODI脊柱评分、椎体后凸Cobb角均低于术前,BMD水平高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);高黏度组治疗后VAS评分、ODI指数、椎体后凸Cobb角均低于低黏度组,BMD水平高于低黏度组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。低黏度组发生骨水泥渗漏8例,骨水泥渗漏发生率为16%(8/50);高黏度组发生骨水泥渗漏2例,骨水泥渗漏发生率为4%(2/50),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论 高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术对骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折的治疗效果明显,可减轻患者术后疼痛,改善脊柱功能,提高骨密度水平,降低骨水泥渗漏发生率,值得推广。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折临床效果观察

目的观察经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的临床效果。方法选取苏州平江医院自2014年1月至2018年1月收治的74例老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折患者为观察对象,根据术式不同,将患者分入A组(n=30,接受经皮椎体成形术治疗)与B组(n=44,接受经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗)。比较两组患者手术时间、术中失血量、骨水泥注入量、疼痛评分、功能障碍指数评分、椎体高度、Cobb角,以及不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者手术时间及术中失血量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。两组术后3 d疼痛评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05);但两组术后3 d疼痛评分均低于本组术前(P <0. 05)。两组术后3 d功能障碍指数评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05);但两组术后3 d功能障碍指数评分均低于术前(P <0. 05)。两组术后3 d椎体前缘高度均高于本组术前(P <0. 05),且B组术后3 d椎体前缘高度明显高于A组(P <0. 05)。两组术后3 d椎体后缘高度均高于本组术前(P <0. 05),且B组术后3 d椎体后缘高度明显高于A组(P <0. 05)。两组术后3 d的Cobb角均低于本组术前(P <0. 05),且B组术后3 d的Cobb角明显低于A组(P <0. 05)。两组术后均未出现脊髓损伤、感染等并发症。结论经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的临床效果显著,有助于恢复椎体高度,改善Cobb角,且安全性较高。     

单球囊椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折

目的:探讨应用单球囊扩张行椎体后凸成形术治疗的临床价值。方法:14例疼痛性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折患者,累及椎体23个。在X线监测下,经双侧椎弓根穿刺伤椎,使用单球囊先后置入两侧,完成球囊扩张,改善椎体高度,骨水泥填充。术后观察疼痛缓解状况与骨折复位情况。结果:14例患者手术顺利,术后72h内疼痛均完全缓解,无临床并发症。术前伤椎椎体前缘和中部高度平均分别丢失(14.80±4.03)mm和(10.68±3.89)mm,术后平均分别丢失(10.32±3.92)mm和(6.37±3.58)mm。后凸畸形由术前平均(21.2±5.9)°,矫正至术后(11.6±3.9)°。1例1个椎间隙发现少许骨水泥渗漏,但无临床症状,其余椎体无明显骨水泥渗漏的X线表现。结论:应用单球囊行椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折疗效满意。     

椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱爆裂性骨折12例

经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaueous kyphoplasty,PKP)能缓解骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折患者的疼痛、恢复伤椎高度并纠正后凸畸形[1,2],是近年发展较快的脊柱微创手术,已广泛应用于老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折.而对于老年骨质疏松性脊柱爆裂性骨折由于担心骨水泥渗漏,一般认为是PKP的禁忌证.然而临床上无神经受压症状的老年骨质疏松性脊柱爆裂性骨折常有发生.     

经椎弓根单球囊跨中线扩张椎体后凸成形术的临床初步研究

目的 探讨经椎弓根单球囊跨巾线扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗多发性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折的临床价值.方法36例疼痛性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折患者,累及椎体61个.在X线临测下,经一侧椎弓根将单球囊置入椎体的中线区,使单球囊在椎体内跨中线扩张,骨水泥在椎体内跨中线分布.术后观察患者视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)变化以及椎体高度恢复和后凸畸形矫正情况,并采用配对t检验对上述指标进行比较.随访6.0～12.0个月(平均9.2个月).结果36例患者手术顺利,平均每个椎体于术时间为(37.4±9.6)min,术后96 h疼痛明显缓解,功能改善显著,无严重临床并发症发生.患者VAS由术前平均(7.3±1.0)分降至术后(2.7±0.8)分(t=19.53,P＜0.01);ODI由术前平均(71.1±10.9)%降至术后(26.6±6.4)%(t=18.54,P＜0.01).术前病椎椎体前缘和中部高度丢失平均分别为(14.3±2.8)mm和(10.2±2.7)mm,术后分别为(10.0±1.8)mm和(5.9±1.8)mm,两者差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.68和16.44,P值均＜ 0.01).Cobb角术前平均23.4°±5.0°,术后矫正至16.2°±2.8°(t=15.60,P＜0.01).2例分别在椎体前缘和椎间隙内发现少许骨水泥渗漏,但无临床症状,其余椎体X线检查未发现骨水泥渗漏的表现.术后随访期间,患者无疼痛加重或椎体再次塌陷以及邻近椎体发生骨折的情况.结论 经椎弓根单球囊跨中线扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折疗效满意,手术时间与放射暴露时间短.     

CT引导下单球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术的临床应用

目的探讨CT引导下经椎弓根单球囊跨中线扩张后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折的疗效及优缺点。资料与方法 37例疼痛性骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折患者,累及椎体47个。在CT引导下,经一侧椎弓根单球囊置入椎体中线区,使单球囊在椎体内跨中线扩张,骨水泥在椎体内跨中线分布,术后观察患者的疗效及骨折复位情况。结果 37例(47个椎体)均穿刺成功,术前受累椎体前缘高度(12.05±3.73)mm,术后恢复至(16.49±4.85)mm,差异有统计学意义,后凸畸形由术前(23.4±5.4)°,矫正至术后(12.3±4.7)°,手术前后差异有统计学意义。结论 CT引导下单球囊椎体后凸成形术,路径设计合理,穿刺成功率高,避免多次重复穿刺,所以创伤小、手术时间短;有效地解除了由于骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折引起的多种临床症状。     

球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折

目的探讨球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法采用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折25例30椎,其中T81椎,T113椎,T1212椎,L111椎,L22椎,L31椎。结果全部病例均顺利完成手术,无症状性并发症发生。所有患者术后疼痛明显减轻,疼痛视觉模拟数字评分(VAS)由术前的平均8.4分下降到术后的2.2分。平均椎体前缘高度恢复(55.3±34.2)%,中部恢复(61.5±35.1)%,后缘恢复(40.1±32.3)%。手术后Cobb角平均改善9.6°(0～30°)平均灌注骨水泥5.6 ml(2.5～9.0 ml)。除1个椎体前缘有少许未引起临床症状的骨水泥渗漏外,其余椎体均无明显骨水泥渗漏。随访2～18个月,平均9.5个月,未发现与手术有关的并发症。结论球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折可有效地缓解疼痛,恢复椎体高度,改善矢状面排列,疗效满意。     

微创治疗陈旧性老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的探讨应用微创球囊扩张椎体成形术(PKP)治疗陈旧性老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的可行性. 方法 2007年2月-2009年2月收治以胸背或者腰背部疼痛为主并且无明显神经损伤的老年陈旧性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折27例,其中男11例,女16例;年龄55～86岁,平均72.4岁.病史3～17个月,平均7.6个月.其中单阶段病变25例,双阶段病变2例.Genant二级10例,11个椎体;Genant三级17例,18个椎体.术前模拟视觉疼痛评分(VAS)平均8.3分,X线测量椎体前高与后高比平均为39%,脊柱后凸角测量平均27.60°.所有患者均在局部麻醉下行PKP治疗. 结果 术后所有患者疼痛消失或明显减轻,第3或4天能够下地活动.平均随访11.2个月,所有患者疼痛无反复,心肺功能有明显改善,无严重并发症发生;术后VAS平均2.8分,X线测量椎体前高与后高比平均为47.6%,脊柱后凸角测量术后平均15.60°. 结论应用微创PKP治疗以疼痛为主且不伴有神经损伤的老年陈旧性骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折能够尽快去除疼痛,尽快使患者下床活动,减少长期卧床的并发症,改善心肺功能.     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的安全性和疗效。方法应用经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折30例,其中男8例、女22例,年龄55～86岁。共治疗40个椎体:单椎体23例,2个椎体4例,3个椎体3例。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术。手术时间35～138 min,术中球囊扩张压力200～300 psi(1 psi=6.89 kPa),骨水泥注射量2.5～5 ml。1例球囊术中破裂,1例发生椎旁渗漏,2例椎间隙渗漏,1例椎管内渗漏,未出现临床症状。1例术中出现血压、脉搏下降,对症处理后好转。患者疼痛症状得到明显缓解,未见神经损伤等并发症的发生。结论经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折可迅速缓解疼痛、有效恢复骨折椎体高度,明显减少骨水泥渗漏率,这种技术简单、微创、安全、疗效肯定。掌握好椎弓根穿刺、球囊扩张技术以及把握好骨水泥的推注时机等能有效降低并发症的发生。     

Percutaneous Vertebroplasty of the Entire Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae for Vertebral Compression Fractures Related to Chronic Glucocorticosteriod Use: Case Report and Review of Literature

Glucocorticosteroid-induced osteoporosis is the most frequent of all secondary types of osteoporosis, and can increase the risk of vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). There are promising additions to current medical treatment for appropriately selected osteoporotic patients. Few studies have reported on the efficiency of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) or kyphoplasty for whole thoracic and lumbar glucocorticosteroid-induced osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. We report a case of a 67-year-old man with intractable pain caused by successional VCFs treated by PVP.     

"SKyphoplasty": a single institution's initial experience

PURPOSE: The treatment of painful compression fractures has been revolutionized by vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, two recently developed techniques that continue to evolve. This article describes a new device for the performance of kyphoplasty that uses a polymer device rather than a balloon to create a void in the bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In nine consecutive patients, kyphoplasty was performed at 12 vertebral levels with osteoporotic compression with use of the new SKy bone expander polymer device. RESULTS: The device was successful in creating a void in the bone at all levels. The procedure was also effective in alleviating pain from compression fractures. There were no technical failures or complications. CONCLUSION: The SKy bone expander polymer device is effective and safe for the performance of kyphoplasty to alleviate pain from vertebral compression fractures.     

Sky骨膨胀复位器椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的 探讨使用Sky骨膨胀复位器行椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折。方法 自2004年8月至2005年11月，应用Sky骨膨胀复位器椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折18例。术中采用局部注射浸润麻醉，选择从椎体病变严重侧单侧穿刺，经椎弓根入路，使用Sky骨膨胀复位器将压缩椎体复位，注射骨水泥量3．5—5ml。结果 术后随访3～11个月，平均4．5个月。术后患者背部疼痛均明显缓解或消失，无并发症发生。结论 Sky骨膨胀器椎体后凸成形术操作简单，创伤小，手术安全性高，能有效复位并快速有效控制背痛，近期疗效满意。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术与非手术治疗急性和亚急性骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折临床研究

目的 经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)与非手术疗法治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCF),探讨其有效性和安全性仍然不明朗.方法 164例骨质疏松性脊柱骨折患者被纳入前瞻性随机对照研究...     

99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像在绝经后女性骨质疏松性胸腰椎椎体骨折中的增益价值

目的研究99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像及其半定量分析指标在绝经后女性骨质疏松性胸腰椎椎体骨折中的增益价值。 方法回顾性分析2012年11月至2016年10月因轻微外伤或日常活动导致胸腰背部疼痛而就诊,最终诊断为骨质疏松性胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折的绝经后女性患者81例。选取SPECT/CT矢状位融合断层图像,利用ROI技术重复勾画病灶椎体（T）及与其相邻的正常椎体（NT）,并计算病灶椎体与正常椎体的放射性计数比值,即T/NT值。将所收集病例根据椎体是否在99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像后进行手术分成两组,一组为手术组,包括行经皮穿刺椎体成形术及椎体球囊后凸成形术的患者,另一组为非手术组。对两组T/NT值采用两独立样本t检验进行统计学分析。 结果（1）手术组共计110个椎体,T/NT值为2.44±0.84;非手术组共计70个椎体,T/NT值为1.04±0.14,两组T/NT值的差异有统计学意义（t=13.654,P < 0.05）。（2）发现椎体以外骨折,包括肋骨骨折29例、椎体附件骨折2例、骶骨骨折2例、耻骨骨折1例。 结论99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT骨显像及其半定量分析指标在指导绝经后女性骨质疏松性胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折临床治疗方案的选择和其他部位是否有骨折的诊断中具有一定的参考价值。     

Percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty for the correction of spinal deformity in painful vertebral body compression fractures

Vertebral body compression fractures can cause chronic pain and may result in progressive kyphosis. Although vertebroplasty has been used to treat pain, it does not attempt to restore vertebral body height and eliminate spinal deformity. Percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty is a novel technique, which involves the introduction of inflatable bone tamps into the fractured vertebral body for elevation of the endplates, prior to fixation of the fracture with bone cement. Our initial experience with this minimally invasive procedure indicates that percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty can be efficacious in the treatment of painful, osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.     

Incidence of adjacent vertebral fractures in patients treated with balloon kyphoplasty: two years' prospective follow-up

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of 37 patients with 60 osteoporotic vertebral fractures, located in the thoracic and lumbar spine, treated with balloon kyphoplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fourty-two patients (15 males and 27 females) with 67 osteoporotic vertebral fractures were treated with balloon kyphoplasty. We were able to have 2-year follow-up of 37 patients with 60 treated vertebrae. Baseline fracture rate in these 37 patients was 1.9 (60 fresh fractures and 11 old fractures already healed). Symptomatic levels were identified by correlating the clinical presentation with conventional radiographs, computed tomography (CT), and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). During the 2-year follow-up, reduction in pain was determined. The effects on pain symptoms were measured on a self-reported visual analog scale (VAS) and the Oswestry score was documented to assess disability. Radiographic scans were performed pre- and postoperatively, and after 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. The vertebral height and endplate angles were measured to assess the restoration of the sagittal alignment. RESULTS: The median pain scores (VAS) decreased significantly from pre- to post-treatment as did the Oswestry Disability Score (P<0.05). This improvement was maintained at 2-year follow-up. In eight patients (21.6%) (five female, three male), an adjacent fracture occurred in 11 vertebrae (18.3%) within 3 weeks to 22 months of follow-up (after 22 months no adjacent fracture occurred). This makes an annualized refracture rate of 10% (18.3/22 x 12). In three patients the adjacent fractures were asymptomatic. Five patients with symptomatic adjacent fractures (eight vertebrae) wanted to be treated again with balloon kyphoplasty. Clinically asymptomatic cement leakage occurred in nine of 67 vertebral bodies (13.4%). During 2-year follow-up, this surgical technique demonstrated restoration and stabilization of the height of the vertebral body. CONCLUSION: Balloon kyphoplasty is an effective, minimally invasive procedure for the stabilization of osteoporotic vertebral fractures, leading to a statistically significant reduction of pain status.