局部晚期鼻咽癌化疗和放射综合治疗--随机临床研究

目的：研究局部晚期鼻咽癌化疗和放射综合治疗的疗效及毒副反应。方法：1995年9月—1997年7月，86例病理确诊为鼻咽癌、根据福州九二新分期为N2-3的初治患者随机分组，综合治疗组41例，其中2例拒绝接受放疗后的辅助化疗，即综合治疗组可评估39例，单纯放疗组45例。综合治疗组接受2程诱导化疗[每天顺铂(DDP)20mg／m^2，第1～3天，每天氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)500mg／m^2，第1—3天，第二程化疗在第14天进行，放疗在第27天开始)及放疗后3程的辅助化疗。放疗为常规分割放疗。原发灶用^60Co治疗，每次1．85—1．9Gy，一周5次，7—7．5周总剂量65．1—70．3Gy／35—37次。颈部行双侧全颈根治性照射7—7．5周共56．6—65．5Gy／35—38次。如有残留，则局部缩野加量。两组鼻咽加量及颈淋巴结加量无显著差异。结果：中位随访期5．04年，综合治疗组和单纯放疗组五年生存率为72．3％，58．4％，(P=0．154)；无瘤生存率为59．9％，47．7％，(P=0．207)；鼻咽局控率为89．5％，81．4％，(P=0．151)；颈部局控率为88．3％，75．2％，(P=0．134)；无远处转移生存率为76．3％，60．3％，(P=0．181)，发生转移的中位时间分别为1．08年和0．88年。虽未达统计学意义，但综合治疗组有较单纯放疗组提高疗效的趋势。综合治疗组的主要毒性反应为白细胞降低、血小板降低及胃肠道反应。两组急性粘膜反应的严重程度差异无显著性。无与治疗有关的死亡发生。两组后期反应差异无显著性。结论：经5年观察，综合治疗有提高局控、降低远处转移、延迟远处转移的发生、提高无瘤生存率的可能，但均未达统计学意义，综合治疗未明显增加放疗反应。     

Duodenal adenocarcinoma: patterns of failure after resection and the role of chemoradiotherapy

PURPOSE: To report patterns of disease recurrence after resection of adenocarcinoma of the duodenum and compare outcomes between patients undergoing surgery only vs. surgery with concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CT-RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: This was a retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing potentially curative therapy for adenocarcinoma of the duodenum at Duke University Medical Center and affiliated hospitals between 1975 and 2005. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and local control (LC) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate regression analysis evaluated the effect of CT-RT on clinical endpoints. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were identified (23 M, 9 F). Median age was 60 years (range, 32-77 years). Surgery alone was performed in 16 patients. An additional 16 patients received either preoperative (n = 11) or postoperative (n = 5) CT-RT. Median RT dose was 50.4 Gy (range, 12.6-54 Gy). All patients treated with RT also received concurrent 5-fluorouracil-based CT. Two patients treated preoperatively had a pathologic complete response (18%), and none had involved lymph nodes at resection. Five-year OS, DFS, and LC for the entire group were 48%, 47%, and 55%, respectively. Five-year survival did not differ between patients receiving CT-RT vs. surgery alone (57% vs. 44%, p = 0.42). However, in patients undergoing R0 resection, CT-RT appeared to improve OS (5-year 83% vs. 53%, p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Local failure after surgery alone is high. Given the patterns of relapse with surgery alone and favorable outcomes in patients undergoing complete resection with CT-RT, the use of CT-RT in selected patients should be considered.     

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with protracted infusion of 5-FU and cisplatin for postoperative recurrent or residual esophageal cancer

BACKGROUND: We carried out the present study to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CT-RT) for postoperative recurrent esophageal cancer, which are, at present, unclear. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2002, 16 patients with postoperative loco-regional recurrence of esophageal cancer, and two patients with incompletely resected esophageal cancer were treated with concurrent CT-RT. Patients received protracted infusion of 5-FU 250-300 mg/m(2) on days 1 to 14, 1 hour infusion of cisplatin 10 mg/body on days 1 to 5 and 8 to 12, and a concurrent radiotherapy (RT) dose of 30 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks. This treatment schedule was repeated twice with a gap of 1 week, for a total RT dose of 60 Gy administered over 7 weeks. RESULTS: Of the 18 patients, 13 (72%) completed the CT-RT protocol. A total RT dose of 60 Gy was administered for all except two patients, and doses of chemotherapy were reduced for five patients. Although grade 3 hematological toxicities were frequently noted, non-hematological toxicities of grades 3 and 4 were few. Of the 18 tumors, five (28%) showed complete response (CR). For patients without prior chemotherapy, the CR rate was 40% (4/10). The 2-year survival rate of 13 patients without distant metastases was 19%, with a median survival time of 9.5 months. CONCLUSION: The concurrent CT-RT protocol appears feasible and effective for patients with postoperative recurrent or residual esophageal cancer.     

Phase II trial: concurrent radio-chemotherapy with weekly docetaxel for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck

Abstract Introduction: Standard fractionation radiation therapy (RT) combined with concomitant chemotherapy (CT) based on cisplatin schemes is actually the standard treatment for locally advanced non-resectable squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN). The appearance of taxoids has introduced a new kind of treatment with high antitumoral power. The aim of this study is to add more information about the role of this new approach. Materials and methods: Twenty-six patients with locally advanced non-resectable SCCHN were recruited at six institutions in Spain, between January 2001 and January 2003. Docetaxel was administered weekly, for 6 weeks, concurrently with RT. Results: The mean total delivered dose of RT was 70’2 Gy (range 64-74 Gy). The median and mean duration of time were 63 days and 61 days (range 49-103 days) respectively. After a median time control of 19 months (range 3.3-42.2 months), the response rate was 83.4%. The median time to local progression was 16.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI]=4.4-28.4 months). The median survival time was 26.9 months, with one- and two-year overall survival of 66.9% (95% CI=48.1-85.7%) and 57.5% (95% CI=37.3-77.7%) respectively. The median duration time response was 15.1 months (95% CI=3.7-26.5 months). The median time until treatment failure was 9.4 months (95% CI=4.7-14.1). Incidence of grade III-IV mucositis was 88%, neutropenia 72% and skin toxicity 92% (24% grade III-IV). The incidence of severe late toxicity (grade III and IV) due to RT/CT was 31.4%. Conclusions: Although therapeutics results are equivalent to cisplatin schemes of concurrent CT-RT, mucositis and cutaneous toxicity registered in this trial must be considered as limiting factors to application of this new approach.     

Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Clinical Outcome,Toxicity and Predictive Factors in Patients Treated with Hypofractionated Sequential or Exclusive Radiotherapy

Background: This study evaluated the outcome, toxicity and predictive factors in patients unfit for concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CT-RT) treated with hypofractionated sequential CT-RT or exclusive radiotherapy (RT) for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). Methods: We included patients affected by LA-NSCLC (stage IIA-IVA) treated with a total dose of 50–60 Gy in 20 fractions. The primary outcomes were local control (LC), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariate analysis was used to correlate outcomes with prognostic factors. Results: Between 2011 and 2019, 210 patients were treated, 113 (53.8%) with sequential CT-RT and 97 (46.2%) with exclusive RT. After a median follow-up of 15.3 months, 74 patients (35.2%) had a local progression and 133 (63.3%) had a distant progression. The one-, two- and five-year LC were 73.6%, 55.3% and 47.9%, respectively. At the time of analysis, 167 patients (79.5%) died. The one-, two- and five-year OS were 64.7%, 36% and 20%, respectively. PTV volume correlated with PFS (p = 0.001) and LC (p = 0.005). Acute and late toxicity occurred in 82% and 26% of patients. Conclusions: Albeit with the known limitations of a retrospective and heterogeneous study, our work shows that hypofractionated sequential CT-RT or exclusive RT offer a good local control and toxicity profile and a promising survival rate in LA-NSCLC patients unfit for the concurrent CT-RT scheme.     

乳腺癌术后放疗对分子亚型与预后关系影响分析

目的 回顾分析术后放疗对乳腺癌分子亚型与生存关系的影响。方法 对2008年收治的716例首次行单侧乳腺癌手术女性患者,按2011 St. Gallen标准分为Luminal A型(LA)、B-HER-2阴性型(LB1)、Luminal B-HER-2阳性型(LB2)、HER-2过表达型(HER-2⁺)、三阴型(TN)和未分型组。采用Cox模型分析总体、非放疗、放疗组中亚型间OS和DFS差异。Kaplan-Meier法计算OS、DFS,Cox模型因素分析。结果 中位随访71.4个月,总死亡率为10.5%、治疗失败(死亡+复发+转移)率为14.9%。术后放疗组217例(30.3%)。多因素分析OS在各组中亚型间差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);DFS在总体中LB1、未分型较LA型的差(HR=1.881、1.907,P=0.035、0.049),在非放疗组中LB1较LA型的差(HR=3.324,P=0.01);在放疗组中各亚型的均相近(P均>0.05)。放疗和亚型二维交叉分析表明非放疗组LB1与放疗组LA比较有降低OS (P=0.09)和DFS (P=0.06)趋势。结论 与LA型相比,LB1型有降低OS、DFS趋势,以非放疗患者明显;放疗对分子亚型和生存预后关系无影响。     

Results of postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of 29 uterine sarcoma patients

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of surgery combined with postoperative radiotherapy (RT) in patients with uterine sarcoma in order to describe the patterns of relapse and to define prognostic factors. METHODS: We report on 29 patients with uterine sarcoma (US) treated from 1980 to 1995; 18 patients with primary tumors were treated with surgery and adjuvant irradiation, while 11 patients with local recurrences (LR) after previous surgical resection received only radiotherapy. We evaluated the influence of stage, histology, grade, menopausal status, total radiation dose and brachytherapy on survival. Histological diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma in 13 patients (44.8%), endometrial stromal sarcoma in 10 patients (34.5%), and mixed mesodermal tumors in six patients (20.7%). Fifteen patients presented with stage I-II disease, three with stage III, and 11 with local recurrences. External pelvic RT was administered to all patients, in five patients combined with brachytherapy.The mean total dose was 54 Gy (SE 1.78). Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out. RESULTS: Overall survival (OS) for the stage I-III group was 61.1% at two years and 33.3% at five years (median 29 months, SE 13.79). Disease-free survival (DFS) was 55.6% at two years and 33.3% at five years. Median DFS was 26 months (SE 14.85). In LR cases, median OS was only 10 months (SE 4.5). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that stage was the only prognostic factor after RT for US. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that postoperative and/or salvage RT has a questionable impact on disease-free and over-all survival because of the lack of homogeneity of stages in the series reported in the literature; it has, however, acceptable late side effects. Prospective multicenter trials including a statistically evaluable number of patients are necessary to further clarify the role of RT treatment programs for US.     

Postoperative Radiation Therapy for Medulloblastoma – High Recurrence Rate in the Subfrontal Region

Purpose: To investigate the treatment results and analyze the prognostic factors for patients with medulloblastoma (MB) treated by surgery and postoperative radiation therapy (RT). Methods and Materials: Thirty-five patients of MB receiving surgery followed by RT from February 1986 to September 1999 were reviewed. Their median age was 12 years with a slight male predominance. Twenty-four (69%) patients had total resection of tumor. Most (86%) cases received craniospinal irradiation (CSI). Adequate dose (craniospinal dose 30Gy and posterior fossa dose 50Gy) was given in 26 (74%) patients. Results: The median survival duration was 48 months. The 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates were 63% and 40%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that stage, shunt surgery, RT dose, and protracted RT course were significant factors in predicting overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and/or posterior fossa control (PFC). Multivariate analysis showed that RT dose affected OS and PFC independently, stage influenced OS and DFS, while protracted RT course impacted DFS. A total of 20 cases developed disease relapse. The median time to relapse was 18 months. The posterior fossa (10 cases) was the most common site of first failure, followed by the subfrontal lobe (7 cases), spine (6 cases), and other areas (4 cases). Conclusion: Our results were compatible with others, except that more subfrontal relapses were found. Surgical resection followed by standard dose and adequate margin of CSI are recommended as the mainstays of treatment.     

Prospective trial of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with protracted infusion of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin for T4 esophageal cancer with or without fistula

PURPOSE: A prospective trial of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CT-RT) with a protracted infusion of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this protocol for T4 esophageal cancer (UICC 1997). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1998 and 2000, 28 patients with T4 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas were treated with concurrent CT-RT. Of the 28 patients, 15 had Stage III, 5 Stage IVA, and 8 Stage IV disease. Five of the T4 tumors had evidence of fistula before treatment. Patients received a protracted infusion of 5-fluorouracil 300 mg/m(2)/24 h on Days 1-14, a 1-h infusion of cisplatin 10 mg/body on Days 1-5 and 8-12, and concurrent radiation at a dose of 30 Gy in 15 fractions during 3 weeks. This schedule was repeated twice, with a 1-week split, for a total RT dose of 60 Gy during 7 weeks for 25 patients. For the remaining 3 patients, 30 Gy of preoperative CT-RT was administered. RESULTS: Of the 25 patients who were treated with the full dose of CT-RT, 14 (56%) completed the two courses of the CT-RT protocol, and 8 patients (32%) received the full dose of RT but a reduced dose of chemotherapy. Eight (32%) of the 25 tumors showed complete regression. Although Grade 3 hematologic toxicities were frequently noted, Grade 4 or more hematologic toxicities were few. Of the 5 T4 fistulous tumors, 2 demonstrated the disappearance of the fistula after CT-RT. However, the worsening or development of an esophageal fistula was noted in 5 patients. The 2-year survival rate for patients with Stage III was 27%, and the median survival time for those with Stage III and Stage IVA+IV was 12 and 5 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite its significant toxicity for esophageal fistula, this concurrent CT-RT protocol of protracted 5-fluorouracil infusion and cisplatin appears feasible and effective for T4 esophageal cancer with or without fistulas.     

原发性骨淋巴瘤的疗效和预后因素分析

目的 回顾分析原发性骨淋巴瘤(PBL)患者的疗效和预后因素.方法 1994-2009年间本中心收治的PBL患者31例,均经病理证实为非霍奇金淋巴瘤,其中Ⅰ E、Ⅱ E、ⅣE期分别为22、4、5例.全组单纯手术1例、单纯放疗1例、单纯化疗2例、术后化疗4例、放化疗23例,放疗剂量中位数字为50 Gy.结果 随访时间中位数45.2个月.随访率为83.9%.随访满10年者9例.全组治疗后5、10年总生存率分别为92%、92%,无进展生存率分别为79%、70%.非联合放化疗组的完全缓解率为50%、进展或复发为2/8、复发时间中位数为6.8个月,联合放化疗组相应为65%、13%、39.1个月.单因素分析显示年龄≤50岁(χ2=5.32,P=0.021)及美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)体力状况(PS)评分0～1分(χ2=5.48,P=0.019)为生存预后因素,国际预后指数评分≤1分(χ2=7.81,P=0.005)及ECOG PS评分0～1分(χ2=18.70,P=0.000)为无进展生存预后因素.结论 PBL患者预后良好,放化疗应作为首选治疗方法,放疗剂量≥40 Gy较安全可行.年轻及一般状况较好患者预后更好.

Abstract：

Objective To retrospectively analyze the treatment results and prognostic factors in patients with primary bone lymphomas (PBL).Methods Thirty-one patients with PBL treated between April 1994 and May 2009 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were analyzed.All patients were diagnosed by pathology.Twenty-two patients had stage Ⅰ E, 4 patients had stage Ⅱ E and 5 patients had stage ⅣE diseases.One patient was treated with surgical resection alone, 1 patient with radiotherapy (RT) alone, 2 patients with chemotherapy (CT) alone and 4 patients with resection followed by chemotherapy.The remaining 23 patients received CT combined with RT.The median radiation dose was 50 Gy.Results The median follow-up time was 45.2 months.The follow-up rate was 83.9%.Nine patients had a follow-up time of 10 years.The 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates were 92% and 92%, respectively.The 5-year and 10-year disease-free survival rates were 79% and 70%, respectively.In the group who received non-combined chemoradiotherapy, the complete response rate was 50%, the incidence of progression or recurrence was 2/8 and the median recurrence time was 6.8 months.In the group who received combined chemoradiotherapy, the complete response rate was 65%, the incidence of progression or recurrence was 13% and the median recurrence time was 39.1 months.In univariate analyses, favorable prognostic factors for survival included age≤50 years (χ2=5.32,P=0.021) and ECOG PS score 0-1(χ2=5.48,P=0.019).Favorable prognostic factors for DFS included IPI score≤1(χ2=7.81,P=0.005) and ECOG PS score 0-1(χ2=18.70,P=0.000).Conclusions Treatment results of patients with PBL can be generally well.CT combined with RT appears to be the treatment of choice.RT dose ≥40 Gy is safe and feasible.Younger age and better performance status are associated with a better outcome.     

Adjuvant systemic therapy for breast cancer in the elderly: competing causes of mortality. International Breast Cancer Study Group

Between 1978 and 1981 we conducted a trial in which adjuvant endocrine therapy consisting of tamoxifen (T = 20 mg/d) and low-dose prednisone (p = 7.5 mg/d) for the duration of one year (p + T), was compared with no adjuvant therapy (observation) in 320 women with operable breast cancer aged 66 to 80 years (median age, 70 years). All patients had axillary lymph node metastases after at least a total mastectomy and axillary clearance. At 96 months median follow-up, 9.1% of the patients died without apparent relapse from cancer. An additional 1.9% had a second malignant neoplastic disease (not breast cancer). The 8-year disease-free survival (DFS) percentages (+/- SE) for the p + T and the observation groups were 36% (+/- 4%), and 22% (+/- 3%), (P = .004). The 8-year overall survival percentages were 49% (+/- 4%) and 42% (+/- 4%), respectively (P = .43). We conclude that despite a large proportion of deaths without relapse of breast cancer, a significant advantage for the p + T group in terms of DFS was demonstrated. We hypothesize that an endocrine therapy of longer duration might have an overall survival benefit in a population of elderly patients.     

The multimodal management of locally advanced N2 non-small cell lung cancer: is there a role for surgical resection? A single institution’s experience

Background

The management of operable locally advanced N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a controversial topic. Concurrent chemoradiation (CT-RT) is considered the standard of care for inoperable or unresectable patients, but the role of trimodality treatment remains controversial. We present our institution??s experience with the management of stage III (N2) NSCLC patients, analyzing whether the addition of surgery improves survival when compared with definitive CT-RT alone.

Methods

From 1996 to 2006, 72 N2 NSCLC patients were treated. Thirty-four patients received cisplatin-based induction chemotherapy, followed by paclitaxel-cisplatin CT-RT, and 38 patients underwent surgery preceded by induction and/or followed by adjuvant therapy. Survival curves were estimated by Kaplan?CMeier analysis, and the differences were assessed with the log-rank test.

Results

Most of the patients (87?%) were men. The median age was 59?years. A statistically significant association between T3?CT4c and definitive CT-RT as well as between T1?CT2c and surgery was noted (p?<?0.0001). After a median follow-up period of 35?months, the median overall survival (OS) was 42?months for the surgery group versus 41?months for the CT-RT patients (p?=?0.590). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 14?months after surgery and 25?months after CT-RT (p?=?0.933). Responders to radical CT-RT had a better OS than non-responders (43 vs. 17?months, respectively, p?=?0.011). No significant differences were found in the OS or PFS between the pN0 [14 (37.8?%) patients] and non-pN0 patients at thoracotomy. Three treatment-related deaths (7.8?%) were observed in the surgical cohort and none in the CT-RT group.

Conclusions

The addition of surgery did not render a median OS or PFS benefit when compared with CT-RT alone in our series of stage III-N2 NSCLC patients, in accordance with previously published data. However, responses to CT-RT had a greater impact in terms of OS and PFS. Although the patients selected for management including surgery showed a favorable T clinical staging in comparison to patients exclusively treated with definitive CT-RT, similar survival outcomes were found.     

Induction chemotherapy improved outcomes of patients with resectable esophageal cancer who received chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of induction chemotherapy (CHT) before trimodality therapy on the outcome of patients with resectable cancer of the esophagus. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This retrospective study included 81 consecutive patients with resectable cancer of the esophagus who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy between January 1990 and December 1998 (inclusive). Thirty-nine patients underwent chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy (CHT/RT+S), 42 received additional induction CHT followed by CHT/RT+S (CHT+CHT/RT+S). Of the 81 patients, 47 were entered in institutional or national prospective trials (6 in the CHT/RT+S and 41 in the CHT+CHT/RT+S group). Induction CHT consisted of three courses of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin, and paclitaxel given in 28-day cycles in 37 patients (88.1%). Concurrent CHT was 5-FU and platinum based. The median radiation dose for patients treated with CHT/RT+S was 30 Gy (range, 30-50.4 Gy) delivered in a median of 10 fractions (range, 10-28 fractions) and 45 Gy (range, 30-45 Gy) in a median of 25 fractions (range, 10-25 fractions) for patients treated with CHT+CHT/RT+S. Esophagectomy was performed 6-8 weeks after completion of concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Most patients underwent transthoracic esophagectomy (n = 66, 82.5%). RESULTS: The pretreatment characteristics were well balanced between the two groups except for age. The median follow-up time was 29 months (22 months for the CHT/RT+S group and 38.5 months for the CHT+CHT/RT+S group) for all patients and 49 months for living patients. The actuarial overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), locoregional control (LRC), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rate at 5 years for the entire group was 46%, 36.6%, 70.7%, and 53.2%, respectively. Statistically significant differences in the OS, DFS, and LRC rates between the two groups were detected. Specifically, the 5-year OS rate was 22.8% and 71.1% in the CHT/RT+S and CHT+CHT/RT+S group (p = 0.0001), respectively. The 5-year DFS rate was 27.6% and 56.6% in the CHT/RT+S and CHT+CHT/RT+S group (p = 0.003), respectively. The 5-year LRC rate was 64.2% and 85.6% in the CHT/RT+S and CHT+CHT/RT+S group (p = 0.007), respectively. The difference in the DMFS rate between the two groups was statistically significant, with a 2- and 5-year actuarial rate of 63.9% and 51.9%, respectively, in the CHT/RT+S group and 76.9% and 74.1%, respectively, in the CHT+CHT/RT+S group (p = 0.04). The statistically significant differences persisted when patients who received >/=45 Gy in each group were compared. Among those patients, the 5-year OS, DFS, LRC, and DMFS rates were 23.1%, 15.4%, 58.6%, and 39.2%, respectively, for those receiving CHT/RT+S, and 71.4% (p = 0.001), 55.8% (p = 0.0008), 84.6% (p = 0.005), and 77.3% (p = 0.009), respectively, for those receiving CHT+CHT/RT+S. The pathologic complete response (pCR) rate was greater in the CHT+CHT/RT+S group compared with in the CHT/RT+S group (p = 0.008). In univariate analysis, young age, good Karnofsky performance status, Stage II disease, total radiation dose, multiple drug regimen for concurrent CHT, pCR, R0 resection, distant disease progression, and CHT+CHT/RT+S treatment proved to be prognostic factors for OS. Lower esophageal/gastroesophageal junction tumor location, pCR, R0 resection, and CHT+CHT/RT+S treatment were favorable prognostic factors for LRC. Neither the total radiation dose nor multiple drugs for concurrent CHT were negative prognostic factors for LRC. In multivariate analysis, pCR, R0 resection, and treatment with CHT+CHT/RT+S were independent positive predictive factors for OS, and distant recurrences were negative predictive factors for OS. R0 resection, CHT+CHT/RT+S treatment, and lower esophageal/gastroesophageal junction tumor location were positive predictive factors for LRC. The radiation dose was not identified as an independent prognostic factor for either OS or LRC in the multivariate analysis. Meaningful multivariate analysis could not be performed when the multiple drug vperformed when the multiple drug variable was included in the model because of the small number of patients. CONCLUSION: Significantly greater LRC, DFS, OS, and DMFS were found in patients treated with CHT+CHT/RT+S compared with those treated with CHT/RT+S. The pCR rate was significantly higher in the CHT+CHT/RT+S group. Induction CHT was an independent favorable prognostic factor for both LRC and OS for the population included in this study. Our data suggest that a randomized trial comparing CHT+CHT/RT+S and CHT/RT+S is warranted to assess further the merits of this treatment in patients with this currently very lethal cancer.     

pT1-2N0期乳腺癌保乳术加放疗疗效优于改良根治术：倾向性评分分析研究

目的 研究pT1-2N0乳腺癌保乳术+放疗和改良根治术的疗效差异。方法 回顾分析1999-2014年治疗的6137例pT1-2N0期的乳腺癌患者资料,其中1296例患者接受保乳术+放疗(保乳术组),4841例患者接受改良根治术但未做放疗(改良根治组)。采用Kaplan-Meier法生存分析,Logrank检验和单因素分析,采用Cox模型多因素分析,最后采用倾向性评分比较进一步确认。     

Outcomes of malignant tumors of the lacrimal apparatus: the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center experience

BACKGROUND:

Malignant epithelial neoplasms of the lacrimal apparatus are rare and are typically treated with surgery and occasionally adjuvant radiation therapy (RT). The purpose of this study was to assess treatment outcomes by type of surgery (orbital exenteration vs eye‐sparing surgery) and clarify the role of adjuvant RT for this rare disease.

METHODS:

Forty‐six patients with malignant epithelial neoplasms of the lacrimal apparatus were treated at a single institution from 1945 through 2008. Twenty‐seven patients (59%) were treated with orbital exenteration and 19 (41%) with eye‐sparing surgery; 64% of the orbital exenteration group and 83% of the eye‐sparing surgery group also received adjuvant RT (median dose, 60 grays). Median follow‐up time for all patients was 38 months (range, 3‐460 months).

RESULTS:

For the orbital exenteration and eye‐sparing surgery groups, the 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates were 59% and 62%, and the 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rates were 49% and 39%, respectively (P = .56, P = .35). Tumor status (T1‐2 vs T3‐4) was associated with OS (P = .02), and tumor size (<3.5 vs >3.5 cm) with DFS (P = .015). Median time to locoregional recurrence was 85 months for orbital exenteration, and 123 months for eye‐sparing surgery. All patients who did not receive RT experienced local recurrence, and RT extended time to locoregional recurrence (median 460 vs 30 months, P = .009). Seven grade ≥3 complications were experienced after adjuvant RT.

CONCLUSIONS:

For appropriately selected patients, an eye‐sparing surgery for lacrimal apparatus tumors can achieve similar survival outcomes to those in patients treated with an orbital exenteration. Adjuvant RT should be considered for all patients presenting with these rare tumors. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.     

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nasopharynx: prognostic factors and outcome of 113 Indian patients

This single institutional study evaluated the prognostic factors and treatment outcome of 113 Indian patients with primary nasopharyngeal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. At presentation, 28% had stage I and 62% had stage II disease. Treatment comprised of a combination of chemotherapy (CTh) and radiotherapy (RT) in the majority of the patients (76%). After a median follow-up of 56 months, the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) for the whole group were 55.8% and 57.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that; age > 30 years [hazard ratio (HR) = 6.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.59 - 16.7, P < 0.0001], WHO performance score > or = 2 (HR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.01 - 5.46, P = 0.050), T-cell lymphomas (HR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.14 - 6.96, P < 0.001) and the presence of B symptoms (HR = 3.65, 95% CI = 1.77 - 7.53, P = 0.025), had a negative influence on survival. Patients treated with a combination of CTh and RT had a significantly better outcome than those treated with CTh alone (OS: 69%vs. 31%, P < 0.00001). HR for death in the CTh alone group was 3.73 (95% CI = 1.95 - 7.13). The CR (P = 0.01), DFS (P = 0.01) and OS (P = 0.03) rates were significantly better for patients receiving a RT dose of > or =4500 cGy. HR in the subgroup that received a RT dose of <4500 cGy was 2.51 (95% CI = 1.04 - 6.06). These results suggest that combined modality treatment, comprising of CTh and RT (with an RT dose of > or =4500 cGy), results in satisfactory outcome in patients with this rare neoplasm.     

老年食管癌替吉奥同期放疗的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨替吉奥同期放疗治疗老年食管癌的疗效及其不良反应.方法:80例老年食管鳞状细胞癌患者随机法分为单纯放疗组(RT组)40例和替吉奥同期放疗组(CRT组)40例.CRT组放疗剂量50.4 Gy/28次,RT组63.0 Gy/35次.结果:CRT和RT组患者的有效率分别为85.0％(34/40)和65.0％(26/40),差异有统计学意义,P=0.039.CRT组患者的中位生存期为21.0个月,RT组为15.5个月,差异有统计学意义,P=0.044.CRT和RT组患者3年生存率分别为32.5％和12.5％.毒副反应发生率差异无统计学意义.结论:对于老年食管癌患者,可采用替吉奥同期放疗的治疗方法,以期获得更好的疗效及长期生存.     

Carcinoma of paranasal sinuses: long-term outcomes with radiotherapy

PURPOSE: To assess the clinical features, prognostic factors, results, and complications of treatment of carcinomas of the paranasal sinus. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The records of 106 patients (72 men and 34 women) with paranasal sinus carcinoma treated with curative intent at Washington University between January 1960 and August 1998 were analyzed. Patient age ranged from 29 to 91 years (median, 64 years). Most tumors originated in the maxillary (76%) or ethmoid (18%) sinus. Most tumors were locally advanced at presentation. All patients underwent radiotherapy (RT), combined with surgery in 65%; 2% received chemotherapy. RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from 1.7 months to 24 years (median 5 years). The 5-year local tumor control, locoregional tumor control, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival rate was 58%, 39%, 33%, and 27%, respectively. A statistically significant improvement in DFS was noted with the addition of surgical resection to RT (35% vs. 29%, p = 0.05). Nodal status at presentation emerged as a statistically significant predictor for locoregional tumor control and DFS in multivariate analysis. Distant metastases occurred in 29% of patients. CONCLUSION: This review of a large, single-institution experience of paranasal sinus carcinoma patients who underwent RT showed that locoregional tumor progression and recurrence remain predominant patterns of failure despite aggressive local treatment with combined surgery and RT. DFS improved slightly with combined modality treatment. The overall survival rates remained suboptimal, suggesting a need for more accurate determination of tumor extent, as well as more effective locoregional and systemic therapies.     

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the bone: treatment and analysis of prognostic factors for Stage I and Stage II

PURPOSE: Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the bone (PLB) are very rare diseases accounting for 3%-5% of primary bone tumors. The best treatment for PLB has not been found yet. We report on the experience of the Radiation Oncology Department of Bologna University, Italy, relative to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Seventy-seven patients with newly diagnosed PLB were treated from June 1983 to October 2001. Fifty-six were male (72.7%) and 21 were female (27.3%); the median age was 41.8 years, with a range of 16-84 years. The majority of patients had B-cell high-grade histology. The median follow-up was 149 months. Forty-four patients had a solitary bone lesion (Stage I); and in 33 patients, the tumor was spread to locoregional lymphatic area (Stage II). All patients were treated with radiotherapy (RT) with a median dose of 40 Gy (range, 36-54 Gy), and 67 received an additional anthracycline-based regimen of chemotherapy (combined modality therapy [CMT]). RESULTS: After therapy 73 of 77 patients (94.8%) reached a complete remission. At a median time of 23 months, 14 of 77 patients (18.2%) had a disease relapse. Four of them were treated with RT alone (in these cases tumor lesions were <3 cm and located at sites different from mandible); 10 patients were treated with combined RT and CMT. Actuarial disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) at 15 years were, respectively, 76.6% and 88.3%. No local failures were seen. Prognostic factors such as age, sex, stage, and bulky lesions were analyzed. Age (<40 vs. >40 years) was the only significant factor for DFS (85.3% vs. 66.6%, p = 0.03). Bulky lesions apparently did not affect OS (90.9% vs. 72.7%). However, the difference has no statistical significance (p = 0.05). Acute and late toxicity related to the treatment was moderate. CONCLUSIONS: In PLB the CMT seems to produce a better outcome than RT alone; that still remains the best treatment for local disease control. Radiation therapy alone should be reserved for mandibular tumors, which are usually very small and earlier diagnosed.