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1.
目的 阿瑞匹坦(Aprepitant)是一种神经激肽1(Neurokinin 1,NK-1)受体阻滞剂,近年来在中国被批准用于化疗引起的恶心呕吐(chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting,CINv),但此药物在软组织肉瘤(soft tissue sarcomas,STS)多日化疗中止吐效果的研究报道很少.本试验通过前瞻性队列研究观察阿瑞匹坦预防STS患者接受脂质体多柔比星(Liposome doxorubicin)和异环磷酰胺(Ifosfamide)联合化疗中CINv的效果.方法 选择2016-02-01-2016-06-30北京大学肿瘤医院骨与软组织肿瘤科收治的软组织肉瘤患者32例,均接受含脂质体多柔比星与异环磷酰胺的5 d化疗方案,由研究者根据化疗前的预防性止吐治疗方式非随机分为阿瑞匹坦组和对照组,进行前瞻性队列研究.阿瑞匹坦组止吐用药包括阿瑞匹坦、昂丹司琼和地塞米松磷酸钠,对照组止吐药物包括昂丹司琼和地塞米松磷酸钠.记录患者化疗后的恶心、呕吐反应,解救治疗及不良反应.主要观察呕吐方面包括急性期完全缓解率,化疗开始后24 h无呕吐发作且未进行解救治疗;延迟期完全缓解率,化疗开始后第2~10天无呕吐发作且未进行解救治疗;恶心方面包括急性期完全保护率,化疗开始后24 h无呕吐、无解救治疗且无明显恶心,视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,vAS)<25 mm;延迟期完全保护率,化疗开始后第2~10天无呕吐、无解救治疗且无明显恶心,vAS<25 mm.计数资料的比较使用Fisher精确检验,计量资料使用正态性检验,用x-±s表示计量资料组间差异,如为正态分布则采用t检验,如为非正态分布则采用两个独立样本的Mann-WhitneyU秩和检验.结果 阿瑞匹坦组15例,对照组17例,两组的患者临床特征差异无统计学意义.阿瑞匹坦组和对照组患者的每日平均呕吐次数的最高值出现在化疗开始后的第5天,分别为(0.5±1.4)和(1.7±1.9)次,差异有统计学意义,U=80,P=0.034;每日平均vAS的最高值也出现在化疗开始后的第5天,分别为(22±13.2)和(33.5±21.2)mm,差异无统计学意义,U=80.5,P=0.07.阿瑞匹坦组与对照组患者的急性期完全缓解率分别为100.0%(15/15)和88.2%(15/17),差异无统计学意义,P=0.486;延迟期完全缓解率分别为80.0%(12/15)和41.2%(7/17),差异有统计学意义,P=0.036.阿瑞匹坦组与对照组患者急性期完全保护率分别为13.3%(2/15)和23.5%(4/17),差异无统计学意义,P=0.659;延迟期完全保护率分别为33.3%(5/15)和11.8%(2/17),差异无统计学意义,P=0.209.阿瑞匹坦组患者中未观察到阿瑞匹坦相关的不良反应.结论 STS患者在接受包含脂质体多柔比星及异环磷酰胺化疗时,最严重的恶心呕吐常发生于化疗开始后的第5天,加用阿瑞匹坦能提高延迟期完全缓解率.  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨阿瑞匹坦预防顺铂3天方案所致的恶心、呕吐的临床疗效及不良反应。方法选取在浙江省肿瘤医院2014年8月1日至2015年6月20日接受含顺铂(75 mg/m^2,分3天给药)两药联合化疗方案的肺癌初治患者108例,根据止吐药物使用情况分为阿瑞匹坦组(n=54)和对照组(n=54)。阿瑞匹坦组接受阿瑞匹坦(125 mg口服,d1;80 mg口服,d_2~d_3)、托烷司琼(5 mg静滴,d1~d6)和地塞米松(12 mg口服,d1;8 mg口服,d2~d4)治疗;对照组同期使用托烷司琼(5 mg静滴,d_1~d_6)和地塞米松(12 mg口服,d1;8 mg口服,d_2~d_4)。观察两组化疗后急性期(0~24 h)、延迟期(24~120 h)呕吐的完全缓解率、化疗期间(0~120 h)3~4级恶心、呕吐的发生率。参照CTCAE 4.0对不良反应分级,采用呕吐生活功能指数(FLIE)评估两组生活质量。结果阿瑞匹坦组与对照组治疗急性呕吐的完全缓解率分别为90.7%和75.9%(P=0.039);两组治疗迟发性呕吐的完全缓解率分别为81.5%和61.1%(P=0.019)。化疗期间阿瑞匹坦组与对照组3~4级恶心和呕吐发生率分别为18.5%和37.0%(P=0.032)。阿瑞匹坦组与对照组患者生活质量评分分别为111.67±17.02和104.89±17.32(P=0.047)。阿瑞匹坦组患者便秘、呃逆症状的发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论阿瑞匹坦预防顺铂3天方案的化疗方案所致恶心呕吐的疗效良好,能提高接受高致吐化疗方案肺癌患者的生存质量,不良反应有待进一步观察。  相似文献   

3.
目的:观察阿瑞匹坦联合托烷司琼预防高致吐化疗药物引起的恶心呕吐的疗效及不良反应.方法:收集第四军医大学唐都医院2015年1~6月行AC方案化疗的乳腺癌女性患者86例,随机分为试验组A组(阿瑞匹坦+托烷司琼+地塞米松)及对照组B组(托烷司琼+地塞米松),每组各43例,比较两组药物对预防化疗所致恶心、呕吐的临床疗效、不良反应及对生活质量的影响.结果:试验组恶心有效率为88.3%,优于对照组的67.4% (P< 0.05);试验组预防急性呕吐有效率为83.7%,优于对照组的65.1%(P< 0.05);试验组预防延迟性呕吐有效率为79%,优于对照组的55.8%(P< 0.05).不良反应方面,2组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论:阿瑞匹坦联合托烷司琼注射液、地塞米松能够有效预防高致吐化疗药物引起的恶心呕吐,不良反应轻,值得推广.  相似文献   

4.
目的 对中高度催吐化疗方案分次给药导致的恶心呕吐应用阿瑞匹坦三联方案进行预防的临床疗效以及安全性进行分析。方法 择取我院在2015年5月至2017年5月接收的进行中高度催吐化疗癌症患者80例进行治疗研究,按数字奇偶法进行临床分组,其中对照组48例给予传统预防,实验组52例给予阿瑞匹坦三联疗法进行预防;观察两组患者第一次发生恶心呕吐平均时间值,呕吐生活功能评分,预防效果以及阿瑞匹坦三联方案用药安全性。结果 实验组患者第一次发生恶心呕吐时间相较于对照组明显延长,且数据差异显著(p<0.05);实验组生活功能评分较对照组改善明显(p<0.05);实验组临床预防缓解率为92.30%,对照组临床预防缓解率为79.17%,实验组显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05);实验组头晕、乏力、便秘、焦虑等不良反应发生率为13.46%,高于对照组的12.50%,但两组患者不良反应发生数据对比,并无统计学意义(p>0.05)。结论 对中高度催吐化疗方案导致的恶心呕吐癌症患者给予阿瑞匹坦三联方案进行预防,可延长患者第一次恶心呕吐发生时间,预防效果显著且生活质量明显改善,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。  相似文献   

5.
目的 探讨阿瑞匹坦在预防肺癌含铂化疗方案所致的化疗相关性恶心、呕吐的疗效和安全性。方法 收集2014年1月至2014年12月应用一线含铂化疗方案治疗的肺癌患者44例,采用自身对照比较使用阿瑞匹坦与否在化疗过程中止吐效果的差异,同时观察阿瑞匹坦在多周期化疗中的止吐疗效。结果 44例患者中,格拉司琼联合地塞米松组(A组)急性呕吐的发生率为50.0%,延迟性呕吐的发生率为81.8%;阿瑞匹坦、格拉司琼联合地塞米松组(B组)急性呕吐的发生率为25.0%,延迟性呕吐的发生率为47.7%;与A组相比,B组对急性呕吐的治疗有效率(RR)为909%,对延迟性呕吐的RR为77.8%。多周期化疗中阿瑞匹坦维持止吐效果较好,且无疗效衰减现象。阿瑞匹坦引起的不良反应主要有厌食、疲乏、便秘、腹泻,A组厌食的发生率为93.2%,高于B组的63.6%(P=0.001);两组其他不良反应发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 阿瑞匹坦可有效降低含铂化疗方案的急性和延迟性恶心呕吐的发生率,不良反应可耐受。  相似文献   

6.
背景与目的 预防化疗所致恶心呕吐在肿瘤治疗的全程管理中是十分重要的一环.本研究评价了在高危女性胃肠道肿瘤患者中,在帕洛诺司琼、地塞米松基础上联用阿瑞匹坦能否进一步预防或减轻FOLFIRI方案(氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸和伊立替康)或FOLFOX方案(氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸和奥沙利铂)化疗所致恶心呕吐的发生率和严重程度.方法 本研究为随...  相似文献   

7.
目的:观察阿瑞匹坦联合托烷司琼/皮质激素预防含顺铂化疗引起呕吐的临床疗效及不良反应。方法选取一线使用阿瑞匹坦联合托烷司琼/皮质激素预防含顺铂化疗引起呕吐的初治肺癌患者43例,观察单周期、多周期化疗中急性和延迟性呕吐完全缓解率,完全控制率及不良反应。结果43例患者均完成含顺铂的相同方案2个周期,其中31例患者完成4个周期的疗效观察。治疗第1周期的总体观察期CR率为72.1%,CC率为65.1%;急性期CR率86.0%,延迟期CR率79.1%。连续4个周期化疗的患者中,总观察期CR率依次为74.2%、64.5%、54.8%、48.4%。不良反应主要表现为食欲缺乏、乏力、便秘、失眠、呃逆等,均为0/Ⅰ级。结论阿瑞匹坦联合托烷司琼/皮质激素预防含顺铂化疗引起的急性呕吐及延迟性呕吐均有很好的疗效,并且耐受性良好。  相似文献   

8.
目的探讨阿瑞匹坦预防胃癌术后患者行含奥沙利铂化疗方案所致的恶心呕吐的临床疗效及不良反应。方法选取2014年4月至2016年6月江苏省肿瘤医院收治的接受含奥沙利铂方案化疗2周期的胃癌术后患者68例为研究对象。化疗第一周期使用帕洛诺司琼+地塞米松二联方案预防呕吐,第二周期使用阿瑞匹坦+帕洛诺司琼+地塞米松三联方案预防呕吐。记录患者化疗开始后7天的恶心呕吐情况;使用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)进行生活质量评估。结果化疗第一周期后有67.6%患者呕吐达到完全缓解,化疗第二周期后有85.3%的患者呕吐达到完全缓解(P0.01)。在延迟性呕吐预防效果的比较中,二联方案呕吐控制率为70.6%,加入阿瑞匹坦后提高到92.6%(P0.01)。第二周期化疗后VAS评分(92.3)明显高于第一周期化疗后的89.2(P0.01)。结论胃癌术后患者使用阿瑞匹坦+帕洛诺司琼+地塞米松预防含奥沙利铂化疗方案化疗所致恶心呕吐的疗效良好,能提高患者的生存质量。  相似文献   

9.
目的 分析阿瑞匹坦联合托烷司琼治疗化疗引起的中-重度恶心呕吐的疗效及不良反应.方法 收集接受单药托烷司琼止吐治疗后轻度缓解及无效的患者,相同化疗方案下按治疗方法不同分为托烷司琼单药组(对照组,n=107)与阿瑞匹坦联合托烷司琼组(联合用药组,n=106),对比两组止吐治疗效果及不良反应.结果 可评价疗效的213例患者中,对照组和联合用药组对急性恶心呕吐的有效控制率分别为13.1%与95.3%(P<0.01),对延迟性恶心呕吐的有效控制率分别为37.4%与96.2%(P<0.01).两组方案的主要不良反应包括呃逆、便秘、头痛、头晕、口干、焦虑等,不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 阿瑞匹坦联合托烷司琼方案对化疗引起的中-重度恶心呕吐有较好的疗效,不良反应可以耐受.  相似文献   

10.
目的 评估阿瑞匹坦联合昂丹司琼和地塞米松预防化疗诱发恶心和呕吐(CINV)的疗效及安全性.方法 本研究是前瞻性非随机、自身对照的单中心研究,入组43例接受中、高度致吐风险化疗的患者.所有患者在化疗前使用阿瑞匹坦(125mg第1天,80 mg第2~3天)联合昂丹司琼(16 mg第1~3天)和地塞米松(10 mg第1~3天)进行预防止吐治疗(阿瑞匹坦组).同一患者使用相同剂量的昂丹司琼联合地塞米松(自身对照组)作自身前后对照.主要研究终点为化疗后120 h内完全有效率(没有呕吐和没有使用解救治疗患者比例).根据美国国立癌症研究所的通用毒性标准(NCI-CTC 4.0)评估不良反应.结果 阿瑞匹坦组总体完全有效率为72.1% (31/43),优于自身对照组51.2%(22/43,x2 =3.98,P<0.05).对于急性期呕吐(化疗后<24h),阿瑞匹坦组完全有效率为83.7% (36/43),对照组为74.4%(32/43,x2=1.12,P>0.05).对于延迟期呕吐,两组完全有效率分别为76.7%(33/43)和55.8%(24/43,x2 =4.21,P<0.05).两种止吐方案毒性和不良事件相似.结论 阿瑞匹坦联合昂丹司琼和地塞米松方案能够有效预防中、高度致吐化疗药物引起的恶心和呕吐,且安全性良好.  相似文献   

11.
闫宇  任予 《现代肿瘤医学》2017,(12):1915-1918
目的:观察含阿瑞匹坦的三联方案在乳腺癌化疗止吐的疗效以及不良反应.方法:将术后病理诊断为乳腺癌并进行首次化疗的共108例患者随机分为2组:试验组54例和对照组54例.其中试验组给予含阿瑞匹坦的方案(阿瑞匹坦、帕洛诺司琼和地塞米松)止吐,对照组给予标准治疗方案(帕洛诺司琼和地塞米松)止吐,观察两组化疗后诱发恶心、呕吐情况以及可能出现的并发症.结果:试验组在急性期(90.7% vs 75.9%,P<0.05)和延迟期(81.5% vs 63.0%,P<0.05)对恶心呕吐控制率均优于对照组.在试验组中,对延迟期的止吐效果更显著,延迟期止吐有效率净提高18.5%,急性期止吐有效率净提高14.8%.2组不良反应情况比较除疲劳(P<0.05)外差异均无统计学意义.结论:含阿瑞匹坦的多通路阻断呕吐反射可有效提高乳腺癌术后辅助化疗所致恶心呕吐的疗效,耐受性良好,可作为乳腺癌术后辅助化疗的止吐方案.  相似文献   

12.
    
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and nephrotoxicity are adverse events induced by cisplatin administration. These effects can be reduced by treatment regimens with low-dose cisplatin, but high-dose cisplatin is still used. In Japan, high-dose cisplatin is usually administered in an inpatient setting to permit management of CINV. However, with use of new-generation antiemetic agents such as aprepitant, CINV and nephrotoxicity are controllable in an outpatient setting. Here, we discuss issues related to the management of high-dose cisplatin administration in outpatients. Grade 2 or worse CINV induced by high-dose cisplatin occurs in more than 40% of patients without treatment with aprepitant, but is controllable by administration of a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, steroids and aprepitant. Moreover, prevention of CINV using these drugs is cost-effective, since outpatient settings have advantages with regard to health economics and patient quality of life. These findings suggest that shifting high-dose cisplatin administration to the outpatient setting may be achieved with co-administration of aprepitant. Available facilities and the status of the patient should be considered when selecting whether an outpatient setting is suitable for administration of cisplatin, but the use of aprepitant and adequate oral hydration should allow use of cisplatin in this setting.  相似文献   

13.

Background

Despite the use of standardized anti-emetic guidelines, up to 20% of cancer patients suffer from moderate-to-severe chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (cinv)—that is, grade 2 or greater according to the U.S. National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. We previously developed cycle-based prediction models and associated scoring systems for acute and delayed cinv. As part of the validation process, we prospectively evaluated the ability of the scoring systems to accurately identify patients deemed to be high risk for grade 2 or greater cinv.

Methods

Patients who were receiving any chemotherapy for solid tumours and who consented to participate were provided with symptom diaries. Compliance to the diaries was enhanced by 24-hour and 5-day telephone callbacks after chemotherapy in every cycle. All patients received anti-emetic prophylaxis as prescribed by the treating physician. Before each cycle of chemotherapy, the acute and delayed cinv scoring systems were used to stratify patients into low- and high-risk groups. Logistic regression modelling was then applied to compare the risk for grade 2 or greater cinv between patients considered to be at high and at low risk. The external validity of each system was also assessed using an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (auroc) analysis.

Results

We collected cinv outcomes data from 95 patients during 181 cycles of chemotherapy. The incidence of grade 2 or greater acute and delayed cinv was 17.7% and 18.2% respectively. As previously identified, major predictors for grade 2 or greater cinv included younger patient age, platinum- or anthracycline-based chemotherapy, low alcohol consumption, earlier cycles of chemotherapy, previous history of morning sickness, and prior emetic episodes after chemotherapy. The acute and delayed scoring systems both had good predictive accuracy when applied to the external validation sample (acute—auroc: 0.69; 95% confidence interval: 0.59 to 0.79; delayed—auroc: 0.70; 95% confidence interval: 0.60 to 0.80). Patients identified by the scoring systems to be at high risk were 2.8 (p = 0.025) and 3.1 (p = 0.001) times more likely to develop grade 2 or greater acute and delayed cinv.

Conclusions

The present study demonstrates that our scoring systems are able to accurately identify patients at high risk for acute and delayed cinv. Application and planned continued refinement of the scoring systems will be an important means of patient-specific risk assessment that will allow for optimization of anti-emetic therapy.  相似文献   

14.
目的:探讨注射用盐酸帕洛诺司琼在骨肉瘤患者大剂量化疗中预防恶心、呕吐的疗效,及其不良反应。方法:80例骨肉瘤患者接受大剂量顺铂(100 mg/m2)联合阿霉素(60~80mg/m2)化疗方案,随机分为试验组(盐酸帕洛诺司琼组)和对照组(盐酸昂丹司琼组),每组各40例。比较两组预防化疗急性期的呕吐总有效率、延迟期的呕吐完全缓解率以及用药后不同时间恶心的完全控制率,同时对不良反应进行评价。结果:试验组对于预防急性期呕吐的总有效率为80% ,与对照组77.5% 比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.785)。 延迟期(分别观察化疗后第3 天、第5 天和第7 天)的呕吐完全缓解率,试验组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。 用药后第5 天和第7 天试验组恶心的完全控制率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.039,P=0.034)。 两组不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论:盐酸帕洛诺司琼注射液能更好的预防骨肉瘤大剂量化疗引起的延迟性恶心和呕吐,对青少年患者使用有较好的安全性。   相似文献   

15.
汤丽娜  林峰  姚阳 《中国肿瘤临床》2013,20(3):168-170, 177
  目的  探讨注射用盐酸帕洛诺司琼在骨肉瘤患者大剂量化疗中预防恶心、呕吐的疗效, 及其不良反应。  方法  80例骨肉瘤患者接受大剂量顺铂(100 mg/m2)联合阿霉素(60~80 mg/m2)化疗方案, 随机分为试验组(盐酸帕洛诺司琼组)和对照组(盐酸昂丹司琼组), 每组各40例。比较两组预防化疗急性期的呕吐总有效率、延迟期的呕吐完全缓解率以及用药后不同时间恶心的完全控制率, 同时对不良反应进行评价。  结果  试验组对于预防急性期呕吐的总有效率为80%, 与对照组77.5%比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.785)。延迟期(分别观察化疗后第3天、第5天和第7天)的呕吐完全缓解率, 试验组均高于对照组(P < 0.05)。用药后第5天和第7天试验组恶心的完全控制率明显高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P=0.039, P=0.034)。两组不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。  结论  盐酸帕洛诺司琼注射液能更好的预防骨肉瘤大剂量化疗引起的延迟性恶心和呕吐, 对青少年患者使用有较好的安全性。  相似文献   

16.
    
《Cancer Medicine》2018,7(4):1560-1571
Regional hyperthermia is considered to enhance the antitumor effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this study, we confirmed the efficacy of concomitant radiotherapy, hyperthermia, and chemotherapy (RHC) for neoadjuvant treatment of malignant soft tissue sarcoma (STS). From 1994 to 2013, we performed RHC in 150 patients. This study was limited to 60 patients using the following exclusion criteria: salvage for recurrence or unplanned excision, trunk location, metastasis at initiation, non‐STS, and no definitive surgery. As a control group, we collected data from 11,031 patients in the Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Registry in Japan (BSTT). We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis, and propensity scores were created for comparisons between groups. The primary outcome of this study was to compare oncologic outcomes (5‐year local control rate [LC] and overall survival rate [OS]). In the RHC group, two local recurrences (3.3%) occurred, and no patients underwent amputation. Margins of definitive surgery were not identical between groups [wide margins (60.0% vs. 85.3%), marginal margins (28.3% vs. 10.5%), and intralesional margins (7.4% vs. 4.2%), RHC and BSTT groups, respectively, P < 0.001]. After adjustment, the difference in OS was not significant between groups (HR = 1.26, P = 0.532); however, a statistically significant difference in LC was observed (HR = 4.82, P = 0.037). RHC resulted in a high LC at 5 years compared to the BSTT group, and amputation was averted in the RHC group, despite the wider margins in the BSTT group. This indicates that less invasive surgery might be achieved with effective neoadjuvant therapy.  相似文献   

17.
    
Delayed chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is not well controlled in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients undergoing oxaliplatin (L‐OHP)‐based chemotherapy. Whether neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonist addition to a first‐generation 5HT3 antagonist (1st 5‐HT3RA) and dexamethasone (DEX) is beneficial to these patients remains controversial. Furthermore, whether palonosetron (PALO) or aprepitant (APR) is more effective in controlling delayed CINV is unclear. We, therefore, investigated whether PALO+DEX or 1st 5‐HT3RA+DEX+APR was more effective in controlling delayed CINV, and the risk factors for delayed CINV, in CRC patients undergoing L‐OHP–based chemotherapy. Data were pooled from two prospective observational Japanese studies and a phase III trial to compare CINV incidence between the PALO + DEX (PALO) and 5‐HT3RA+DEX+APR (APR) groups by propensity score–matched analysis. CINV risk factors were identified using logistic regression models. The CINV incidence was higher in the PALO group than in the APR group. Logistic regression analysis revealed alcohol consumption, motion sickness, and the PALO+DEX regimen as independent risk factors for delayed nausea, and female sex and the PALO+DEX regimen as those for delayed vomiting. Compared with prophylactic PALO + DEX, 1st 5‐HT3RA+DEX+APR was more effective in controlling delayed CINV. Thus, CRC patients receiving L‐OHP–based chemotherapy should be treated with three antiemetics, including APR.  相似文献   

18.
Since antiquity, the large bony and fleshy tumors have been called sarcomas. It was not until after the development of cellular pathology during the middle of the 19th century that sarcomas were separated from carcinomas on the basis of their tissues of origin. This paper traces the growth of these ideas as well as the introduction of effective methods of treatment of the sarcomas.  相似文献   

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