脊柱肿瘤患者流行病学及术后生存状况分析

[目的]总结分析2000年1月～2007年1月于上海长征医院脊柱外科行手术治疗的原发或转移性脊柱肿瘤患者流行病学特征和术后生存状况.[方法]选取所有符合条件患者的病历及随访资料作为研究对象.收集的资料包括性别、年龄、肿瘤类型/原发肿瘤类型、肿瘤部位、术后生存时间.分为原发脊柱肿瘤和转移性脊柱肿瘤两组.[结果]入选371例患者,其中原发组170例(45.8％),转移组201例(54.2％).原发脊柱肿瘤组中,男性101例(59.4％),女性69例(40.6％);年龄范围(10～81)岁,平均年龄(43.6±16.5)岁.转移性脊柱肿瘤组中,男性126例(62.7％),女性75例(37.3％);年龄范围21～87岁,平均年龄(53.6±10.5)岁.原发组中骨巨细胞瘤和脊索瘤最多,各35例,各占20.6％.转移组患者中肺癌、肝癌和甲状腺癌例数占前三位,分别为66例(32.8％)、42例(20.9％)、23例(11.4％).两组患者肿瘤侵犯部位及频率大体相近,但原发组肿瘤侵犯骶骨和寰枢椎的较转移组多.截止到2010年6月30日,原发组最短术后生存时间为14个月,最长为121个月,中位生存时间为71.7个月,5年期生存率为50％;转移组最短生存时间为3个月,最长生存时间为67个月,中位生存时间为28.4个月,3年期生存率为37％.[结论]两组患者的年龄差异有统计学意义,原发脊柱肿瘤组患者的年龄分布更广,且平均年龄更小.原发组患者术后生存时间远长于转移性组患者.手术治疗原发性脊柱肿瘤效果显著.对于转移性脊柱肿瘤患者来说,外科手术是一种对症的姑息治疗,延长转移癌患者的生存时间、改善其生命质量的关键在于针对原发肿瘤的综合治疗.     

射频消融辅助开放手术姑息性治疗脊柱转移癌的近期临床疗效

目的:探讨射频消融辅助开放手术姑息性治疗脊柱转移癌的近期临床效果。方法:回顾性总结2012年4月~2015年1月接受射频消融辅助开放手术姑息性治疗的30例脊柱转移癌患者,其中男性17例,女性13例;年龄56±14岁(17~80岁);单纯胸椎17例,单纯腰椎9例,胸腰椎均受累4例;原发肿瘤包括肺癌6例,肾癌5例,肝癌、乳腺癌、多形性未分化肉瘤、前列腺癌、甲状腺癌各2例,其他脏器来源转移癌9例;患者均在后路开放手术过程中接受病灶射频消融。观测患者术中出血量、术后并发症、术后疼痛和神经功能恢复情况及肿瘤局部控制情况。结果:患者平均术中出血量1083±1193ml(250~5400ml),并发症包括脑脊液漏3例、无症状骨水泥渗漏2例、术后血肿形成1例、伤口感染1例,其中脑脊液漏患者经保守治疗后好转,硬膜外血肿行急诊血肿清除后神经功能恢复,伤口感染经清创后痊愈。患者术前平均疼痛VAS评分4.3分,术后1个月时平均1.3分,差异有统计学意义(P=0.0254),共计26例(86.7%)患者术后获得疼痛缓解。所有患者术后神经功能获得改善或保持稳定;平均随访10±8个月,随访期内3例患者脊柱原病灶部位出现进展。结论:射频消融辅助开放手术方式姑息性治疗脊柱转移癌,可以在手术创伤较小的前提下获得较低的并发症发生率、良好的疼痛和神经功能改善及满意的肿瘤局部控制效果。     

后路椎体切除骨水泥植入治疗胸椎椎体转移瘤

胸椎体是椎体转移瘤最常见的部位,目前对此部位椎体转移瘤尚缺乏统一的临床分级治疗选择及手术策略。本组为2004年7月~2007年1月胸椎体转移瘤患者23例,采用后路椎体切除、骨水泥植入、椎弓根钉系统固定术,临床疗效满意。现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料本组23例,男13例,女10例;年龄为46~67岁,平均62岁;病程为3~6个月,平均4个月。主要临床症状:所有患者有胸椎部疼痛症状,夜间疼痛加重;4例患者有肋间神经痛;13例患者有双下肢沉重感,肌张力增高,腱反射亢进,步态不稳;6例患者出现双下肢运动及感觉功能障碍,发生截瘫。按Frankel分级,A级4例,…     

儿童和青少年脊柱原发肿瘤及瘤样病损的临床特点

目的:总结儿童和青少年脊柱原发肿瘤和瘤样病损的临床表现和治疗效果,探讨其临床特点。方法:收集我院骨科2004年2月～2012年5月收治的所有20岁以下的脊柱原发肿瘤及瘤样病损病例的临床资料,分析该年龄段患者的发病情况,比较不同肿瘤患者的症状、体征、影像学表现以及对各种治疗的反应和转归。结果:共收治113例儿童及青少年患者,占同期我院收治所有脊柱原发肿瘤和瘤样病损患者的25.8%。其中良性肿瘤和瘤样病损104例(嗜酸性肉芽肿51例,动脉瘤样骨囊肿12例,骨纤维异样增殖症3例,血管瘤3例,神经鞘瘤6例,神经纤维瘤2例,骨母细胞瘤7例,骨软骨瘤5例,骨样骨瘤7例,骨巨细胞瘤8例);恶性肿瘤9例(脊索瘤4例,侵袭性骨母细胞瘤2例,原始神经外胚层肿瘤1例,恶性神经鞘瘤2例)。颈椎肿瘤82例(其中上颈椎41例),颈胸段10例,胸椎8例,腰椎8例,腰骶和骶尾椎5共例。单节段88例,多节段25例。除上颈椎外,肿瘤累及椎体32例,累及附件14例,累及椎体+附件26例。98例(88.5%)以局部疼痛为主诉,其中74例不伴有其他不适,71例疼痛部位病变呈膨胀性生长,27例有病理性骨折。35例患者有神经损害。所有病例影像学检查均有骨质破坏,其中34例伴病理骨折,不同肿瘤病理骨折发生率无显著性差异。依据目前脊柱原发肿瘤的治疗原则,62例接受手术治疗,33例接受单纯放疗,18例未行治疗。70例患者获得8～48个月随访,其中44例为手术患者,术后局部疼痛明显缓解,32例术前有神经损害者22例改善,8例复发(良性肿瘤4例,恶性肿瘤4例),无肿瘤转移者;单纯放疗和观察者症状无进展。结论:儿童和青少年脊柱肿瘤患者多以局部疼痛为唯一症状,尽管影像学检查可见骨质破坏甚至病理骨折,但神经损害相对少见;良性肿瘤比例远高于恶性,依据目前脊柱原发肿瘤治疗原则治疗可取得良好效果。     

杂交分离手术治疗伴有脊髓压迫症状的胸腰椎转移瘤的疗效观察

目的:评估杂交分离手术治疗伴有脊髓压迫症状的胸腰椎转移瘤的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析2013年6月～2018年6月我院收治的28例因伴有脊髓压迫症状的胸腰椎转移瘤行手术治疗患者的临床资料,其中男18例,女10例,年龄57.0±10.8岁(41～77岁).原发肿瘤类型:肺腺癌12例,肺鳞癌2例,肺神经内分泌癌1例,直肠腺...     

脊柱转移瘤全脊椎切除术的临床疗效分析

目的 :探讨脊柱转移瘤行全脊椎切除术后的并发症、复发率及临床疗效。方法 :多中心回顾性收集2004年1月~2016年12月入院的共481例脊柱转移瘤患者。本研究纳入其中采用全脊椎切除术治疗的32例患者,整块切除14例,分块切除18例;男性21例,女性11例;年龄18~71岁,平均53.4±12.4岁。肿瘤原发灶:肺癌10例,乳腺癌3例,肾癌3例,前列腺癌2例,甲状腺癌2例,宫颈癌2例,胃肠道来源3例,神经系统来源(脑膜瘤、神经母细胞瘤)2例,肝癌1例,未知来源4例。随访并分析手术一般情况,术前、术后VAS评分和Frankel分级,以及术后并发症、复发、转移和生存情况。结果:平均手术时间256.9±77.1min(130~400min),术中平均出血量2160.0±1174.3ml(600~5000ml)。总体生存时间17.4±3.0个月(2~60个月),3个月生存率为96.8%,6个月生存率为73.3%,12个月生存率为44.8%。整块切除患者中位生存时间长于分块切除者(P0.05)。术后1个月VAS评分由术前6.0±1.3分降至0.9±1.0分(P0.05),疼痛缓解率达100%。25例伴有神经功能障碍的患者术后改善率为96%(24/25)。3例(9.4%)分别于术后4个月、6个月、12个月复发。6例(18.8%)术后1年内远处转移。9例(28.1%)术后出现并发症,其中3例内固定失败,2例术后感染(伤口处),2例脑脊液漏,1例胸腔积液伴肺不张,1例吸入性肺炎,均采取相应治疗措施后好转。结论:全脊椎切除术能明显改善脊柱转移瘤患者的神经功能并缓解患者疼痛,同时能有效控制肿瘤复发,但其仍是一种高风险、高难度、高手术并发症的手术方式。     

小切口徒手置钉微创分离手术治疗脊柱转移瘤

目的探讨小切口徒手置钉微创分离手术治疗脊柱转移瘤患者的安全性以及有效性。方法收集2019年5月至2019年12月共49例进行小切口徒手置钉微创分离手术的脊柱转移瘤患者资料,其中男21例,平均年龄(55.62±2.97)岁(范围:26～75岁),女28例,平均年龄(52.50±1.76)岁(范围:34～72岁)。对于术前有原发肿瘤病史,出现多发转移患者不进行术前常规活检诊断;对于原发灶不明、没有肿瘤病史的患者,需术前进行穿刺活检明确诊断。术前用卡氏功能状态评分(Karnofsky performance status,KPS)评估患者一般情况、脊柱肿瘤脊柱不稳评分(spinal instability neoplastic score,SINS)评估患者脊柱稳定性、硬膜外脊髓受压(epidural spinal cord compression, ESCC)评估脊髓神经受压程度、Frankel脊髓损伤分级评估神经功能情况。对符合纳排标准的患者采取经后路小切口徒手置钉微创分离手术进行减压及内固定。分别收集患者一般资料、围手术期临床资料、神经功能恢复情况和并发症,包括术前神经功能评价、手术时...     

胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤临床特点及预后

目的:研究胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤的临床特点及预后。方法:共纳入89例胃肠胰神经内分泌肿瘤(GEP-NENs)患者,观察比较性别、年龄、发病部位、临床症状、病理分型、肿瘤分期等不同因素与预后方面的差异。结果:89例患者中男54例,女35例,平均发病年龄(57.50±11.03)岁,其中最常见好发部位为胃、胰腺、直肠。患者症状多样性,且与原发部位相关。89例GEP-NENs,G_1期患者12例(13.48%),G_2期25例(28.09%),G_3期52例(58.42%)。发生淋巴结转移40例,远处转移12例。手术是其主要治疗方式,同时联合细胞毒性药物治疗和分子靶向药物治疗。单因素分析显示肿瘤分级G_3、肿瘤浸润深度T_4、发生淋巴结转移、发生远处转移为其相关风险因素。结论:GEP-NENs发病率逐年增加,临床表现无特异性,治疗以手术为主,预后与病理分型及肿瘤分期相关。     

发生骨相关事件的股骨转移瘤临床特点分析

目的探讨股骨转移瘤流行病学特征。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2015年12月河北医科大学第三医院、济南军区总医院和齐鲁医院诊治的股骨转移瘤患者160例,按股骨转移部位分为三组:股骨近端组、股骨干组和股骨远端组,比较各组患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤原发部位、转移部位、病理性骨折以及治疗方法等方面的差异。结果共纳入121例股骨转移瘤患者,男性72例,女性49例,中位年龄58岁(22~87岁),其中50~69岁患者居多。原发肿瘤来源前三位依次为肺(49.6%)、肾(14.9%)和未知来源肿瘤(12.4%)。发生病理性骨折33例(27.3%),诊断明确后保守治疗35例(28.9%),活检后选择保守21例(17.4%),手术治疗65例(53.7%)。股骨近端组77例(63.6%)、股骨干组33例(27.3%)、股骨远端组11例(9.1%)。股骨干组发生病理性骨折比例最高(42.4%),股骨近端组次之(23.4%),股骨远端组最低(9.1%),差异有统计学意义(x^2=6.242,P<0.05)。股骨远端组囊内切除比例最高(71.4%),股骨干组次之(55.0%),股骨近端组最低(23.7%),差异有统计学意义(x^2=9.031,P<0.05)。股骨近端组关节置换重建比例最高(75.7%),股骨远端组次之(33.3%),股骨干组最低(25.0%),差异有统计学意义(c^2=30.223,P<0.001)。三组患者性别、年龄、治疗方式及原发肿瘤类型分布无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论股骨转移瘤导致病理性骨折发生率较高,大多应手术治疗。股骨近端转移瘤以关节置换为主,骨干和远端以骨水泥内固定为主。     

Tomita评分在脊柱转移瘤治疗决策中的意义

目的：评价Tomita评分在脊柱转移瘤治疗决策中的意义.方法：1981年7月～2004年12月我院收治脊柱转移瘤患者447例,男291例,女156例,年龄25～75岁,平均56.1岁.原发灶明确者340例,原发灶不明者107例.同时合并肺、肝、脑等重要脏器转移者215例.手术治疗183例,保守治疗264例.采用Tomita评分系统进行综合评分,根据不同分值分为4组,2～3分者为A组,4～5分者为B组,6～7分者为C组,8～10分者为D组,对4组及不同原发肿瘤患者的数据进行生存分析.结果：随访3～92个月,平均23.5个月,患者平均生存时间10.2个月,中位生存时间7.9个月,1年生存率为38%.肿瘤原发于肺、肝、胃肠道者145例,中位生存时间4.4个月：原发于甲状腺、乳腺、前列腺者146例,中位生存时间12个月;原发于肾脏者27例,中位生存时间6个月：原发于其他部位者22例,中位生存时间5.1个月;原发灶不明者107例,中位生存时间6.8个月.A组65例,中位生存时间34个月;B组49例,中位生存时间13个月;C组128例,中位生存时间8个月;D组205例,中位生存时间4个月.4组问生存时问有显著性差异（P＜0.0001）.结论：Tomita评分与脊柱转移瘤患者的预后密切相关,可作为脊柱转移瘤治疗决策的重要参考指标.对于单发的、原发瘤恶性程度相对较低的脊柱转移瘤,Tomita评分2～3分者,采取积极的手术治疗可望取得较好的疗效.     

Methodological index for non-randomized studies (minors): development and validation of a new instrument

Background: Because of specific methodological difficulties in conducting randomized trials, surgical research remains dependent predominantly on observational or non-randomized studies. Few validated instruments are available to determine the methodological quality of such studies either from the reader's perspective or for the purpose of meta-analysis. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate such an instrument. Methods: After an initial conceptualization phase of a methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS), a list of 12 potential items was sent to 100 experts from different surgical specialities for evaluation and was also assessed by 10 clinical methodologists. Subsequent testing involved the assessment of inter-reviewer agreement, test-retest reliability at 2 months, internal consistency reliability and external validity. Results: The final version of MINORS contained 12 items, the first eight being specifically for non-comparative studies. Reliability was established on the basis of good inter-reviewer agreement, high test-retest reliability by the κ-coefficient and good internal consistency by a high Cronbach's α-coefficient. External validity was established in terms of the ability of MINORS to identify excellent trials. Conclusions: MINORS is a valid instrument designed to assess the methodological quality of non-randomized surgical studies, whether comparative or non-comparative. The next step will be to determine its external validity when used in a large number of studies and to compare it with other existing instruments.     

Quantitative heel ultrasound in a population-based study in Italy and its relationship with fracture history: the ESOPO study

We assessed the clinical usefulness of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in defining the prevalence rates of osteoporosis and osteopenia and their association with fractures of the forearm, vertebrae, and hip. The ESOPO study was conducted in 2001 and assessed a random sample of 11,011 women and 4,981 men, in 83 centers spread all over Italy. A large array of risk factors was investigated, and self-reported history of fractures was collected in a questionnaire. After the patient had undergone interview and a brief physical examination, QUS of the heel was performed, using the Achilles apparatus (GE-Lunar, Madison, USA). The prevalence rate of osteoporosis in women 40–79 years old was approximately 18.5%, while the rate of osteopenia was about 44.7%; in men 60–79 years of age the rates were 10% and 36%, respectively. A strong association with fractures was found for osteoporosis and osteopenia in both men and women, independently of all traditional risk factors, including age. These results confirm the suitability of US measurements as a tool for detecting individuals at risk of fractures.The authors wrote this article on behalf of the ESOPO Study Group     

儿科护士离职原因的质性研究

目的了解儿科护士离职的真正原因,为采取针对性措施稳定护士队伍提供参考。方法对14名从事儿科护理且自愿离职护士进行深度访谈,采用现象学分析法分析资料。结果儿科护士离职原因主要有3个主题:不能缓解的压力,包括不满意的工作环境、不完善的管理体系、不认可的工作性质和不稳定的专业思想;社会家庭的支持;获取外部工作的机会。结论儿科护士承受着来自各个方面的压力,护理管理者应关心员工的工作状态,使其更好地应对压力,减少离职行为。     

Japanese study of FK 506 on kidney transplantation: 2. Follow-up study of FK 506-treated patients

Thirty-seven primary renal transplant patients were enrolled in the early phase II study on kidney transplantation. All grafts survived during the follow-up period. However, 10 of the 37 patients were changed from FK 506 to conventional drugs, and 3 were treated concomitantly with azathioprine (AZA) or mizoribine (MZR) in the 3-month period of observation. After 3 months posttransplantation, an additional 10 patients were treated continuously with AZA or MZR. In addition, 3 were converted from FK 506 to conventional drugs. No additional conversion was observed after 4 months. Trough level monitoring was effective enough to regulate the FK 506 dosage. Nephrotoxicity and hyperglycemia were associated with a high trough level of FK 506 (whole blood, > 20 ng/ml).     

Urodynamically age-specific prevalence of urinary incontinence in women with urinary symptoms

AIMS: To determine the age-specific prevalence rates of different types of urinary incontinence in women with urinary symptoms using urodynamic studies (UDS). METHODS: One thousand five hundred women with urinary symptoms who underwent UDS in our department from January 1997 through December 1999 were enrolled. A detailed history, physical examination, and data of multi-channel UDS including uroflowmetry, filling and voiding cystometry, stress urethral pressure profile, and 20-minute pad test were obtained for each patient. The urodynamic findings of each patient were analyzed and correlated with age in decades. RESULTS: Of 1,500 women, 329 were excluded from analysis because they had undergone anti-incontinence surgery (n=27), had undergone treatment for cervical cancer (n=147), or were being followed-up after medication (n=155). Of the remaining 1,171 patients, 656 (56%) had genuine stress incontinence (GSI), 68 (5.8%) had detrusor instability (DI), 187 (16%) had mixed GSI/DI, 245 (20.9%) had either voiding or storing dysfunction without concomitant incontinence, and 15 (1.3%) had normal urodynamic findings. The 41-50- and 51-60-year age groups had the highest prevalence rates of urinary incontinence, accounting for 31% and 28% of GSI cases, 35% and 25% of DI cases, and 40% and 27% of mixed GSI/DI cases, respectively. The prevalence of GSI and mixed GSI/DI increased consistently with age, but the prevalence of DI decreased after age 66. Thus, the prevalence rates of GSI, DI, and mixed GSI/DI were 56%, 5.8%, and 16%, respectively, in women with urinary symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Female urinary incontinence had a biogenic peak prevalence in the 41-50-year and 51-60-year age groups.     

The use of fluoride cement: preliminary experimental study and clinical application

One of the most common complications of cemented prostheses is aseptic loosening of the implant, which is often due to mechanical breakdown at the bone-cement interface. To improve the characteristics of PMMA, the addition of fluoride has been proposed, which, without jeopardising its mechanical qualities, should provide better integration with the surrounding bone. An experimental study was performed in 4 sheep. A cylinder of cement (with and without fluoride) was inserted in the meta-epiphysis of the distal femur. A clinical study followed 7 patients. The cement with added fluoride was used as a filler after the curettage of a benign tumour located in the meta-epiphysis around the knee. Histological results in animals combined with long-term radiographic results in humans have shown the positive influence of fluoride in the cement, as it allows better integration of the cement with the surrounding bone.     

A New Methodology for Laboratory Evaluation of Neurosurgical Approaches Based on the Volume and Shape of the Surgical Space with a Mathematical Model to Quantify the Surgical Maneuverability in Laboratory Settings

We conducted this study to validate the volume/shape of the surgical exposure and to introduce a mathematical model to quantify the maneuverability in a surgical space. We executed the pterional and lateral supraorbital approach four times in fresh cadavers in skull base laboratory. The surgical volumes were filled with a computed tomography (CT)-imageable mixture; CT scans were obtained to evaluate the volume and shape of the surgical space. The volume of the surgical space was 23.60 and 32.90 mL for the lateral supraorbital and pterional approach, respectively, (p < 0.05). The three-dimensional shape of the lateral supraorbital approach was cylindrical and that of the pterional approach pyramidal. The volume of the surgical approach can be used to define, together with other variables, the maneuverability (maneuvering in a surgical volume) by using the following formula where M, A, V, and L represent the maneuverability, the degree of the surgical freedom, the volume of the surgical exposure, and the surgical depth, respectively. Volume and shape of the surgical exposure are two objective parameters that can be used to define and contrast different microsurgical approaches in a laboratory setting. The volume of the surgical exposure may be integrated into a mathematical formula defining maneuverability.