前列腺特异性抗原分布诊断前列腺癌的价值

目的　探讨前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA)分布在鉴别前列腺癌和前列腺良性增生中的作用。方法　采用化学发光免疫法 ,检测 15例前列腺癌和 6 9例良性前列腺增生患者及 5 7例健康体检者的血清游离型前列腺特异性抗原(FPSA)、总前列腺特异性抗原 (TPSA)及两者的比值 ,对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果　前列腺癌患者与良性前列腺增生患者的F/T值比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　以F/TPSA值小于 12 %作为诊断前列腺癌的标准 ,该比值可以更有效的提高前列腺癌的诊断敏感度和特异性。     

血清T-PSA,F-PSA及F/T比值在前列腺癌和前列腺增生鉴别诊断中的意义

目的：探讨总前列前腺特异性抗原 （T-PSA）,游离前列腺特异性抗原（F-PSA）及F/T比值在前列腺癌（PCA）与前列腺增生（BPH）的鉴别诊断中的意义.方法 ：用电化学发光法测定70例PCA,100例BPH患者和100例正常体检组的T-PSA,F-PSA值并计算F/T比值.结果： PCA组,BPH组及正常体检组在T-PSA、F-PSA、F/T比值方面有显著性差异（P〈0.01）.当T-PSA在4.0～10.0ng/ml范围内,两组的T-PSA,F-PSA值均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,F/T比值具有显著性差异（P〈0.01）.结论： T - PSA处于4.0～10.0 ng/ml时,同时检测T - PSA、F - PSA并计算F /T比值能更好的对PCA和BPH进行鉴别诊断.     

前列腺癌患者癌组织中 TCF 12 表达水平及意义

〔摘 要〕 目的：探讨前列腺癌患者组织中转录因子 12（TCF 12）表达水平及诊断价值。 方法：选取 2012 年 2 月至2018 年 11 月佛山市第二人民医院行手术治疗的 86 例前列腺癌患者以及 50 例前列腺增生患者作为研究对象,应用免疫组化技术检测 86 例前列腺癌组织以及 50 例前列腺增生组织中 TCF 12 表达水平,并分析其与前列腺癌患者临床病理特征、预后的关系。 结果：前列腺癌组织 TCF 12 阳性率为 30.2 %,显著低于前列腺增生组织的 84.0 %,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）;TCF 12 的表达水平与前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）、Gleason 评分、TNM 分期、淋巴结转移有关,组内差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）,但与年龄无关,差异无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）。随访 86 例患者,共存活 67 例（77.9 %）,1 年、2 年生存率分别为 96.5 %、81.4 %;TCF 12 阳性患者 2 年生存率为 96.2 %,其显著高于 TCF 12 阴性患者 75.0 %,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。 结论：TCF 12 缺失可能参与前列腺癌发生及进展中,对近期预后的预测也有一定价值。     

浅论血清TPSA、FPSA、F／T在前列腺疾病诊断中的意义

目的探讨总前列腺特异抗原（TPSA）、游离前列腺特异抗原（FPSA）、FPSA与TPSA比值（F/T）在良性前列腺增生（BPH）、与前列腺癌（PCa）诊断中的作用。方法检测90例BPH、40例PCa患者的TPSA、FPSA,并计算出相应的F/T值。结果两组患者之间的TPSA、F/T存在显着差异（P〈O．01）;当TPSA在4．0～10μg／L时,两组患者的TPSA无显着差异,而F/T差异显着。结论F/T可以提高TPSA对PCa、BPH的鉴别诊断的特异性。     

T-PSA和f-PSA在前列腺癌诊断中的意义

目的:探讨血清中总前列腺特异性抗原(t-PSA)及游离前列腺特异性抗原(f-PSA)在前列腺癌临床诊断中的意义。方法:随机选取于我院救治的55例前列腺癌患者与50名良性前列腺增生患者的临床资料作为观察对象。通过对比两组患者的血清检查结果及计算t-PSA和f-PSA比值,分析t-PSA和f-PSA在前列腺癌诊断中的意义。结果:PCa(前列腺癌)患者与BPH(前列腺增生)患者间血清t-PSA、f-PSA/t-PSA有明显差异(P<0.05)。当t-PSA维持在4.0-10.0μg/L之间时,PCa与BPH患者间t-PSA无明显差异(P>0.05),而两组f-PSA/t-PSA差异明显(P<0.05);当t-PSA维持于4.0-10.0μg/L之间时,f-PSA/t-PSA为0.1时对PCa的灵敏度为38.5%,当f-PSA/t-PSA为0.15时,对PCa的灵敏度为77.2%,当f-PSA/t-PSA为0.25时,对PCa的灵敏度为95.5%,特异性分别为96.8%,82.6%,53.5%,若PCa患者t-PSA升高,f-PSA/t-PSA值则会降低。结论:t-PSA和f-PSA在前列腺癌临床诊断中具有一定的价值。     

当t-PSA处于低水平时游离PSA百分比在前列腺癌鉴别诊断中的价值探讨

目的探讨游离前列腺特异性抗原百分比在前列腺癌(PCa)诊断中的价值。方法检测50例正常人、46例良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者和32例PCa患者的血清t-PSA和f-PSA,其中BPH和PCa患者t-PSA均在4.0~10.0μg/L,并求得f-PSA百分比,然后进行统计分析。结果疾病组t-PSA水平((6.47±1.66,7.05±2.61)μg/L)明显高于正常对照组((1.02±0.91)μg/L)(P<0.01),而PCa组((7.05±2.61)μg/L)与BPH组((6.47±1.66)μg/L)无显著性差异(P>0.05);BPH组f-PSA百分比((21±11)%)明显高于PCa组((12±9)%),两者有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。把f-PSA百分比值划分成8个区间,分别为≤8%、≤10%、≤12%、≤14%、≤16%、≤18%、≤20%、≤22%。当f-PSA百分比12%作为诊断PCa的临界值时,诊断的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及正确诊断指数分别为75.0%,73.9%,66.7%,81.0%和48.9%。总的来说,12%的诊断标准最合适。结论f-PSA百分比结合临床表现和影像学检查及其他诊断指标,可显著提高PSA对PCa诊断的特异性,为低水平血清t-PSA的PCa的鉴别诊断提供新的思路。     

复合前列腺特异性抗原测定在前列腺疾病诊断中的应用

目的研究复合前列腺特异性抗原(CPSA)测定在前列腺疾病诊断中的意义。方法选取血清总PSA(TPSA)4.0~10.0μg/L且经病理组织活检诊断为前列腺癌(PCa 32例)及前列腺增生(BPH 46例)患者血清标本,采用化学发光法检测TPSA、游离PSA(fPSA)、CPSA,并计算fPSA/TPSA,并以55例正常体检者为对照。结果BPH组和PCa组TPSA相比无显著性差异(t=1.137,P>0.05),CPSA相比有显著性差异(t=9.652,P<0.01),fPSA/TPSA相比有显著性差异(t=2.461,P<0.05)。BPH组和PCa组TPSA、CPSA与对照组比较,均有显著性差异。结论在PCa和BPH鉴别诊断中,CPSA检测明显是更好的实验室指标。     

探究经直肠与经会阴前列腺穿刺活检对前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的 研究并比较经直肠与经会阴前列腺穿刺活检对于前列腺癌诊断的临床价值。方法 选取2018年5月—2023年2月泰安市中医医院经直肠指诊和超声检查发现前列腺存在病变且血清总前列腺特异性抗原（tPSA）>4 ng/mL的200例男性患者作为研究对象,将患者分为血清tPSA水平相当的两组,分别为直肠组和会阴组,每组各100例,直肠组经直肠开展前列腺穿刺活检,会阴组经会阴开展前列腺穿刺活检,以手术病理诊断结果为诊断金标准,比较在前列腺癌诊断中应用经直肠、经会阴前列腺穿刺活检得到的结果,分析血清tPSA值与前列腺病变的关系。结果 关于前列腺癌诊断的灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值五项结果指标,经会阴开展前列腺穿刺活检的数值高于经直肠开展前列腺穿刺活检,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与诊断金标准之间开展一致性分析,经直肠开展前列腺穿刺活检的结果与其一致性为中度,经会阴开展前列腺穿刺活检的结果与其一致性达到高度。对于Gleason分级为高危的前列腺癌,经会阴前列腺穿刺活检的诊断符合率高于经直肠开展前列腺穿刺活检,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;对于Gleaso...     

5区13针与4区10针前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的临床对比研究

目的探讨5区13针与4区10针前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌的临床意义以及安全性。方法选择实施超声引导经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术患者90例,按随机原则分为10针组和13针组,每组45例。10针组行4区10针法,即尖部、中部、底部、外侧中部、外侧底部的4区域内共穿刺10针;13针组行5区13针,增加近中线部位(尿道附近)的中间底部、中间中部、中间尖部。观察2组前列腺癌阳性率以及不良反应等情况。结果 10针组诊断前列腺炎6例,前列腺增生22例,前列腺癌17例,前列腺癌的阳性率38%;13针组诊断前列腺炎7例,前列腺增生20例,前列腺癌178例,前列腺癌的阳性率40%。2组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。10针组前列腺体积小于50 mL者前列腺癌诊断7例,大于50 mL者10例;13针组前列腺体积小于50 mL者前列腺癌诊断9例,大于50 mL者9例。2组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。穿刺诊断后10针组患者出现血尿2例,尿潴留2例,感染1例,血尿2例,并发症发生率16%;13针组出现血尿2例,尿潴留3例,感染3例,血尿5例,并发症发生率29%。2组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论 10针法具有患者痛苦小、损伤轻等优点,临床可以替代13针法常规应用。     

A study of prostane in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

A clinical trial was conducted in a study group of 70 males diagnosed with symptomatic benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) (synonym of benign prostatic hyperplasia). They were administered Prostane, a herbal formulation, at a dose of two tablets a day for 1 year and monitored every 4 months during the study period. Analysis of the results showed an improvement in the symptom score of the American Urological Association symptom index rating. There was total relief in pain and haematuria in all the patients (100%); dribbling of urine decreased in 67%, dysuria in 50%, urgency in 60% and hesitancy in 40%. Blood urea levels were within the normal range in 70% of the patients and in the range 31-40 mg/dL in the remaining patients of the study group. Serum prostate specific antigen levels returned to normal in 56% of patients and were in the range 4.1-5.0 ng/mL in 25% of patients. There was a decrease in prostate specific antigen values which were >6 ng/mL in 9 patients at the commencement of the trial. Uroflowmetry studies showed that the peak flow increased from 12.6 to 30.7 s (p<0.001) and the void volume from 60.72 to 660 mL (p<0.001), the latent period reduced from 12.78 s to 2.61 s; the flow time from 57.01 s to 20.17 s and the residual volume from 620 mL to 20 mL (p<0.001). From these results, it is evident that Prostane was effective in alleviating symptoms, reducing prostate specific antigen values and normalizing uroflow dynamics in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy.     

Methyl Jasmonate Ameliorates Testosterone Propionate‐induced Prostatic Hyperplasia in Castrated Wistar Rats

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is a progressive disease that is related to age. Known therapeutic agents used in the treatment of BPH are associated with toxicity. Therefore, chemoprevention could be an effective approach. We investigated the ameliorative effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in testosterone propionate (TP)‐induced BPH in castrated rats. Castration was performed by removing both testes through the scrotum sack under ketamine anesthesia. Rats were assigned into seven groups of seven animals each: non‐castrated control, castrated control, castrated rats that received TP, castrated rats that received TP and MeJA, castrated rats that received TP and finasteride, castrated rats that received MeJA, and castrated rats that received finasteride. Results indicate that BPH rats had significantly (p < 0.05) elevated prostate weight and relative weight of prostate relative to control. Also, BPH rats had significantly (p < 0.05) increased activities of prostatic acid and alkaline phosphatases, levels of zinc, and malondialdehyde. Further, levels of enzymic and non‐enzymic antioxidative indices were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in BPH. Histology of prostate revealed hyperplasia of transition lobe, increased expression of PSA, and Ki67 in BPH. Treatment with MeJA and finasteride attenuated the activities of the phosphatases and levels of antioxidants in BPH. Overall, MeJA ameliorates BPH via antioxidative mechanism. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

罗达灵通胶囊对前列腺增生大鼠的影响

目的探讨罗达灵通胶囊对前列腺增生大鼠模型的作用。方法采用去势大鼠注射丙酸睾酮的方法复制前列腺增生模型，采用ig方式给予大鼠罗达灵通胶囊高、低剂量及等体积去离子水，连续15d后处死，观察前列腺组织形态及质量，并通过免疫组化的方法检测增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）表达的变化情况。结果给药组大鼠前列腺质量，PCNA增殖指数和bFGF表达水平均低于模型组，其中高剂量组的效果较为明显，其各项指标都趋近于正常水平。结论罗达灵通胶囊有较好的抑制前列腺增生的效果。     

Sphaeranthus indicus attenuates testosterone induced prostatic hypertrophy in albino rats

The present study reports the attenuating effect of Sphaeranthus indicus extracts (SI) on prostatic hyperplasia induced by testosterone in albino rats. In vitro studies were conducted to assess the 5α‐reductase inhibitory potential of the petroleum ether, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of SI. A biochemical marker, β‐sitosterol, was isolated and extracts were characterized utilizing HPTLC. Testosterone (3 mg/kg s.c.) was administered to the rats along with the test extracts and isolated β‐sitosterol for a period of 28 days. The weight of the rats, the urine output, serum testosterone concentrations and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels were recorded. The prostate/body weight ratio (P/BW) was calculated and histological studies were performed to observe the changes in the histoarchitecture of the prostate. Finasteride was used as a positive control (1 mg/kg p.o.). Sphaeranthus indicus extracts attenuated the increase in the P/BW ratio induced by testosterone in the treated groups. The petroleum ether extract exhibited the best activity, although the ethanol and aqueous extracts also exhibited significant activity. Urine output was also improved significantly, demonstrating the clinical implications of the study. Histological studies, testosterone levels which were measured weekly and PSA levels measured at the end of the study also support claims for the potential use of Sphaeranthus indicus in the treatment of prostatic hyperplasia. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench extract on experimental prostate hyperplasia

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L. Moench) on the prostate gland of rats using an experimental model of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). The animals were administered 50 mg/kg of extract preparation for 4 and 8 weeks and the prostate mass and structural degenerative changes were evaluated in the course of the experiment. The administration of E. purpurea extract to rats with hyperplasia for 4 and 8 weeks gradually and significantly reduced the prostate mass and reversed the degenerative changes in the structure of the prostate gland. The present investigation suggests extract of purple coneflower prevents the development of BPH. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

同期行经尿道电汽化术治疗膀胱癌并前列腺增生症

目的探讨膀胱癌并前列腺增生症患者同期施行经尿道电汽化术的可行性。方法对同期施行经尿道膀胱癌及前列腺增生症电汽化术的32例膀胱癌合并前列腺增生症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果该组患者均顺利康复,无明显合并症。术后复诊,8例出现肿瘤复发,复发部位不位于前列腺窝。结论同期施行经尿道膀胱癌及前列腺电汽化术安全、住院时间短,不会有前列腺窝的肿瘤种植。     

联合雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌疗效观察

目的探讨联合雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌的疗效。方法选择38例晚期前列腺癌患者,明确诊断后口服Flutamid 250 mg,3次/d,3~7 d后腹部皮下注射LHRH-A 3.6mg,3个月后再行去势手术,术后继续服用Flutamid。分析38例去势加雄激素阻断剂治疗晚期前列腺癌的临床资料。结果化学去势加雄激素阻断治疗3个月可筛选排除雄激素非依赖性前列腺癌,其后的手术去势加雄激素阻断治疗可维持稳定的去势水平。本组复发4例,复发率10%,5例出现肝功能异常。结论联合雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌安全有效。     

TURP联合手术去势及抗雄激素药物治疗前列腺癌

目的总结TURP联合手术去势及抗雄激素药物在前列腺癌治疗中的经验。方法对33例前列腺癌患者采用TURP联合手术去势及抗雄激素药物治疗，对比治疗前后患者临床症状和IPSS评分、PSA水平及最大尿流率（Qmax）的改变情况。结果手术3个月后本组病人的排尿困难、尿潴留、血尿等临床显著改善；IPSS评分和血清PSA水平显著下降；最大尿流率明显增加。结论TURP联合手术去势及抗雄激素药物治疗前列腺癌效果明显，尤其适用于合并有下尿路梗阻的晚期前列腺癌病人。