钙拮抗剂对牙龈成纤维细胞作用的体外实验研究

目的：探讨钙拮抗剂硝苯地平对牙龈成纤维细胞的作用。方法：体外培养牙龈成纤维细胞,细胞在不同浓度硝苯地平作用下计数观察。结果：细胞计数在实验第6、7天出现组间非常显著性差异。主要表现为硝苯地平1200μg/L和360μg/L组,细胞计数明显高于低剂量组。结论：高剂量硝苯地平有刺激牙龈成纤维细胞增殖的作用。     

维拉帕米对正常牙龈成纤维细胞增殖的影响

目的体外评价维拉帕米对正常牙龈成纤维细胞增殖的影响。方法分离、培养正常牙龈成纤维细胞。用0、0．1、1、10、100μmol／L5个浓度的维拉帕米分别作用于第5代正常牙龈成纤维细胞，采用甲基噻唑基四唑法检测细胞的增殖，流式细胞仪评价细胞生长周期。结果100μmol／L维拉帕米作用66h后，检测A值为0．046，与无药物作用组（A值为0．088）相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。100μmol／L维拉帕米作用18h后，69％的细胞处于G0-G1期，27％处于S期，而无药物作用组分别为41％和49％。两者间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论100μmol／L维拉帕米在体外通过阻滞细胞生长周期抑制正常牙龈成纤维细胞的增殖。     

尼古丁和烟草浸提液对人牙龈成纤维细胞生长和贴附能力的影响

目的：体外观察尼古丁和烟草浸提液(ST)对人牙龈成纤维细胞的生长和贴附影响。方法：用不同浓度的尼古丁和ST作用于人牙龈成纤维细胞，用MTT法检测细胞的生长和贴附情况。结果：随尼古丁和ST浓度的增加，细胞的生长率逐渐下降，尼古丁和ST对细胞生长半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0．095g／L和11．88g／L；与对照组相比，当尼古丁及ST浓度分别大于0．01g/L和6．2g／L时差异有显著意义。而对细胞贴附的影响表明，随着尼古丁和ST浓度的增加，细胞的贴附率逐渐下降，尼古丁和ST对细胞贴附的IC50分别是0．6g／L和10．33g/L；与对照组相比，当尼古丁及ST浓度分别大于0．1g／L和12．4g／L时差异有显著意义。结论：尼古丁和浸提取液均可抑制人牙龈成纤维细胞的生长和贴附，提示尼古丁和烟草在牙周病发病中起作用。     

黄芩苷对牙龈成纤维细胞和牙周膜细胞上ICAM-1表达调节的研究

目的 :观察黄芩苷对IL - 1β诱导的牙龈成纤维细胞 (humangingivalfibrobl -asts ,HGF)和牙周膜细胞 (peri odontalligamentcells ,PDLcells)上细胞间粘附分子 - 1表达的影响。方法 :应用体外细胞培养和细胞免疫组化及图像分析方法。结果 :正常牙龈成纤维细胞和牙周膜细胞上细胞间粘附分子 - 1表达阴性或弱阳性 ;1μg/mLIL - 1β能诱导细胞间粘附分子 - 1在牙龈成纤维细胞和牙周膜细胞上强阳性表达 ;0 .1μg/mL黄芩苷对IL - 1β诱导的牙龈成纤维细胞和牙周膜细胞上细胞间粘附分子 - 1的表达有显著抑制作用 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :黄芩苷可抑制IL -1β诱导的细胞间粘附分子 - 1在牙龈成纤维细胞和牙周膜细胞上表达 ,提示黄芩苷具有抗细胞粘附的作用     

FGF18对人牙乳头间充质细胞增殖和矿化能力的影响

目的：初步探讨成纤维细胞生长因子18对人牙乳头间充质细胞增殖和矿化能力的影响。方法：采用MTT法和酶动力法检测FGF18对人牙乳头间充质细胞增殖、ALPase活性的影响，茜素红染色检测钙结节形成情况。结果：FGF18刺激人牙乳头间充质细胞48h后，在20μg／L、50μg／L、100μg／L、200μg／L显著促进细胞的增殖（P〈0．01），对细胞的ALP合成无显著性影响（p〉0．05），72h后10μg／L、20gμ／L、50μg／L、100μg／L、200μg／L均显著促进细胞增殖和ALP的合成：此外100μg／L和200μg／LFGF18可明显促进细胞钙化结节的形成（p〈0．05），结论：FGF18在人牙乳头间充质细胞的分化和矿化过程中可能起着重要的调节作用。     

釉基质蛋白对牙周细胞覆盖体外创面的影响

目的：评价体外创面模型环境中,釉基质蛋白对牙周膜细胞、牙龈成纤维细胞覆盖创面能力的影响。方法：利用在盖玻片上形成的人牙周膜和牙龈成纤维细胞的融合培养物,以机械方法去除7mm宽的细胞层条带,形成体外创面模型。受损培养物在含有10％胎牛血清的培养液中继续培养2、6、9d,同时以100μg／ml的釉基质蛋白分别刺激牙周膜、牙龈成纤维细胞,并与不加釉基质蛋白者作对照。玻片经同定后作甲紫染色。以计算机辅助图像分析系统对细胞覆盖体外创面的面积进行百分比定量,采用SAS6、12软件包进行样本均数的t检验。结果：对照组组内牙周膜、牙龈成纤维细胞覆盖创面的面积存在差异,牙龈成纤维细胞覆盖创面面积在创面形成后第9天显著高于牙周膜细胞,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。在加用100μg／ml釉基质蛋白的条件下,牙周膜细胞覆盖体外创面的面积较对照组明显增加．创面形成后第6、9天,牙周膜、牙龈成纤维细胞覆盖体外创面面积均无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：牙龈成纤维细胞覆盖创面的能力高于牙周膜细胞。釉基质蛋白有增进创面愈合,特别是牙周膜细胞创面覆盖的作用。     

五倍子水提取物对LPS抑制人牙龈成纤维细胞DNA合成和对细胞周期改变的影响

目的：研究五倍子水提取物对内毒素(LPS)引起人牙龈成纤维细胞(HGF)DNA合成和细胞周期改变的影响。方法：采用健康人正常牙龈组织原代培养的牙龈成纤维细胞，以25μg／mL LPS作为刺激因子，用流式细胞仪技术观察20μg／mL五倍子水提取物对LPS引起HGF细胞周期改变的影响。结果：LPS作用后，DNA合成前期细胞比例(G1期)明显上升，而DNA合成期细胞比例(S期)及细胞增殖指数下降，五倍子可改善此现象。结论：五倍子水提取物可显著改善LPS抑制HGF增殖，提示五倍子对牙龈组织具有保护作用，有助于牙周病的防治。     

硝苯地平对体外培养的人牙龈上皮细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的：通过观察硝苯地平（NIF）对牙龈上皮细胞增殖和凋亡的影响，探讨硝苯地平致龈增生的机理。方法：采用MTT法检测不同浓度NIF对体外培养的人牙龈上皮细胞增殖的影响；采用流式细胞仪（R、M）检测上皮细胞受NIF诱导后凋亡小体形成百分率。结果：24h、48h、72h后各加药组与对照组之间MTT值没有明显差异；48h后高浓度药物（1200μg／1）凋亡小体形成率小于对照组（P〈0．05），且主要作用于细胞G0／C1期和S期。绪论：硝苯地平对体外培养的人牙龈上皮细胞的增殖没有直接刺激作用，但高浓度的NIF可抑制细胞凋亡。     

硝苯地平导致牙龈增生机制的研究

目的:在牙龈成纤维细胞(gingival fibroblasts(GFs))与牙龈角质形成细胞(gingival kerati-nocytes,GKs)共培养下,研究硝苯地平导致牙龈增生的可能机制。方法:用不同浓度(0、0.2、20μg/mL)硝苯地平处理GFs和GKs的共培养体系,3 d后用逆转录PCR、酶联免疫吸附实验以及流式细胞计数等方法观察角质细胞生长因子(keratinocyte growth factor,KGF)及其受体(keratinocyte growth factor receptor,KGFR)的表达。结果:在共培养条件下,硝苯地平导致GFs表达KGF显著增高,并呈浓度依赖性。同时硝苯地平能促进GKs中KGFR基因表达上调,膜KGFR蛋白表达水平在硝苯地平浓度为0.2μg/mL时上调。结论:间充质-上皮作用途径之一的角质细胞生长因子-受体间相互影响,在硝苯地平导致牙龈增生中起着一定的作用;体外GFs-GKs共培养模型能够在更接近体内环境的状态下进一步研究牙龈增生的机制。     

硝苯地平性牙龈增生组织中成纤维细胞增殖和胶原分泌

目的探讨硝苯地平对牙龈组织中成纤维细胞增殖和胶原分泌的影响。方法体外原代培养硝苯地平易感性牙龈组织和非易感性组织中人牙龈成纤维细胞。MTT法观察硝苯地平对细胞增殖的影响,酶联免疫吸附试验检测硝苯地平对细胞Ⅰ型胶原表达水平的影响。结果在第1,3,5天,硝苯地平易感性牙龈组织和非易感性组织之间Ⅰ型胶原合成和细胞增殖在统计学上均有显著性差异。结论细胞增殖明显和胶原合成增加可能和硝苯地平药物性牙龈增生机制有关。     

The effect of IL-1alpha and nifedipine on cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in cultured human gingival fibroblasts

The effect of nifedipine and interleukin-alpha (IL-1alpha) on the cell proliferation and DNA synthesis was studied in human gingival fibroblasts derived from 5 patients who developed gingival overgrowth (nifedipine responders) and 5 patients who did not develop gingival overgrowth (nifedipine non-responders) in response to nifedipine. Epidermal growth factor was used as a positive control. The fibroblasts derived from nifedipine responders tended to have a numerically greater rate of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis (3H-thymidine incorporation) than those from nifedipine nonresponders in the presence of nifedipine and IL-lalpha. Fibroblasts derived from nifedipine responders showed significantly higher cell proliferation rate in the presence of nifedipine and IL-1alpha, than nifedipine or IL-lalpha alone on both the second and the fourth day of incubation (P < 0.05). A combination of IL-1alpha and epidermal growth factor also showed significantly greater cell proliferation than IL-lalpha alone on the second day (P < 0.05). The DNA synthesis rate with a combination of nifedipine and IL-1alpha was higher than that for nifedipine alone on the second day (P < 0.01), and IL-1alpha alone on the fourth day (P < 0.05) in gingival fibroblasts originating from nifedipine responders. These results suggest that the interaction between nifedipine and gingival inflammation might play an important role in the pathogenesis of nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth.     

Synergism between nifedipine and cyclosporine A on the incorporation of [35S]sulfate into human gingival fibroblast cultures in vitro

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We assessed the effects of cyclosporine A and nifedipine on the in vitro incorporation of [(35)S]sulfate into gingival fibroblast cell cultures derived from responder and nonresponder subjects who had received an organ transplant followed by a therapeutic regimen using a combination of those drugs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Gingival fibroblasts were isolated from responder and nonresponder subjects and maintained in vitro. Prior to cell harvest, gingival interleukin-1beta concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cells were untreated or exposed to either 10(-7)-10(-10) m nifedipine or 100-500 ng/ml cyclosporine A. Incorporation of [(3)H]proline or [(35)S]sulfate into the cell cultures was determined by liquid scintillation analysis. In addition, the effects of 400 ng/ml cyclosporine A + 10(-7) m nifedipine and 400 ng/ml cyclosporine A + 10(-10) m nifedipine on incorporation of [(35)S]sulfate into the cell cultures was determined. Data were compared by factorial analysis of variance (anova) and a posthoc Tukey's test. RESULTS: Gingiva from responders contained significantly more interleukin-1beta than gingiva from nonresponders (p < 0.01). The cell cultures derived from responders incorporated significantly more [(35)S]sulfate than those derived from nonresponders following exposure to either cyclosporine A or 10(-7) m nifedipine. In addition, the exposure of fibroblasts derived from gingival overgrowth to either 400 ng/ml cyclosporine A + 10(-7) m nifedipine or 400 ng/ml cyclosporine A + 10(-10) m nifedipine significantly increased or decreased, respectively, the incorporation of [(35)S]sulfate into the cultures. CONCLUSION: The therapeutic combination of cyclosporine A and nifedipine could be a significant risk factor for gingival overgrowth in subjects susceptible to either agent. The mechanism for overgrowth could include edema secondary to increased sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) synthesis by fibroblasts, but further investigation is required.     

Effect of phenytoin and nifedipine on collagen gene expression in human gingival fibroblasts

Phenytoin (PHT), a widely used anticonvulsant, and nifedipine (NF), an anti-anginal drug, cause clinically similar gingival overgrowths in some patients. The aim of this work was to investigate their effects on collagen and protein synthesis and cellular proliferation in normal human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Gingival fibroblasts were cultured from biopsies taken from three healthy individuals during operations on maxillary canines and incubated with various concentrations of NF (100 and 200 ng/ml) and PHT (5 and 10 micrograms/ml) for up to 7 days. The results showed that NF and PHT have a specific effect in reducing total protein and collagen synthesis but do not influence cell proliferation in healthy gingival fibroblasts in vitro. In addition the level of mRNA for type I collagen was decreased after incubation of the cells with the drugs for 1 or 2 days. The decrease in the level of type I collagen mRNA seemed to be specific since the level of type IV collagenase mRNA used as a reference RNA did not decrease.     

Effect of tranilast on matrix metalloproteinase-1 secretion from human gingival fibroblasts in vitro

BACKGROUND: Some drugs such as phenytoin, calcium blockers, or cyclosporins are known to cause gingival fibrous hyperplasia, an unwanted side effect. Decreased collagen catabolism in overgrown gingival tissue has been proposed as one of the reasons causing the disease. The effect of tranilast, which suppresses collagen synthesis and cell proliferation, on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1) secretion from human gingival fibroblast, was studied in vitro. METHODS: Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured from specimens taken from healthy, periodontal, and overgrown gingival tissues. The effects of tranilast on cell proliferation and MMP-1 secretion from gingival fibroblast were assessed. Inhibitory effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta secretion from gingival fibroblast by tranilast was also evaluated. RESULTS: Tranilast did not interfere with cell proliferation at the low concentrations. MMP-1 concentration significantly increased at the lower doses of tranilast up to about 2-fold compared to controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, higher doses of tranilast significantly decreased activity to 30% and 20%, respectively. MMP-1 secretion was inhibited significantly by phenytoin, nifedipine, and cyclosporin A and the depressed MMP-1 recovered to the control level with tranilast. The amount of secretion from normal and periodontitis gingival fibroblast specimens did not differ, but that from the overgrown gingiva was significantly less than the other types. Moreover, TGF-beta secretion was significantly inhibited by 300 microM of tranilast. CONCLUSIONS: Tranilast upregulates the expression of type 1 collagenase suppressed by gingival overgrowth-inducing drugs, and inhibits TGF-beta secretion from gingival fibroblasts. Therefore, tranilast could be considered as an agent for controlling gingival over-growth.     

环孢素A和肿瘤坏死因子α对人牙龈成纤维细胞增殖的影响

目的 研究环孢素A(cyclosporinA)和肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)对体外培养人牙龈成纤维细胞增殖的影响,探讨牙龈炎症与药物性牙龈增生的关系及环孢素A所致牙龈增生的相关机制.方法用原代培养的方法获取5名健康人的牙龈成纤维细胞,体外培养、传代后取其中1个生长良好的组织块4～8代细胞用于实验.按以下条件进行实验分组:A组:空白对照组;B1组:10 μg/L环孢素A,B2组:50 μg/L环孢素A,B3组:250 μg/L环孢素A,B4组:1250 μg/L环孢素A;C组:5μg/L TNF-α; D1组:10 μg/L环孢素A+5μg/L TNF-α,D2组:50 μg/L 环孢素 A+5μg/L TNF-α,D3组:250 μg/L环孢素A+5μg/L TNF-α,D4组:1250 μg/L环孢素A+ 5 μg/L TNF-α.将条件培养液分别作用于牙龈成纤维细胞,培养3、5、7d后用甲基噻唑基四唑法测定细胞的增殖情况.结果不同质量浓度的环孢素A作用于成纤维细胞后,细胞的增殖受到抑制,A值下降,其中B1、B2、B3组与A组相比差异无统计学意义,B4组与A组相比差异具有统计学意义(P =0.001);5μg/L的TNF-α作用于成纤维细胞可以刺激细胞的增殖,A值(0.542)与A组(0.441)相比显著升高(P＜0.01).环孢素A和TNF-α共同作用于成纤维细胞后,D1、D2、D3组A值均较A组升高,但均较C组显著降低(P＜0.05).D4组细胞增殖显著增加,与C组相比差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论环孢素A对成纤维细胞的增殖无促进作用,高浓度时可抑制细胞的增殖;TNF-α可以促进成纤维细胞的增殖;高浓度环孢素A与TNF-α共同作用于成纤维细胞可促进成纤维细胞增殖,提示在一定浓度下环孢素A可能放大了TNF-α刺激成纤维细胞增殖的效应.     

Flutamide inhibits nifedipine‐ and interleukin‐1β‐induced collagen overproduction in gingival fibroblasts

Lu H‐K, Tseng C‐C, Lee Y‐H, Li C‐L, Wang L‐F. Flutamide inhibits nifedipine‐ and interleukin‐1β‐induced collagen overproduction in gingival fibroblasts. J Periodont Res 2010; 45: 451–457. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: To understand the role of the androgen receptor in gingival overgrowth, the effects of flutamide on interleukin‐1β‐ and nifedipine‐induced gene expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) and collagen production in gingival fibroblasts were examined. Material and Methods: Gingival fibroblasts from healthy subjects and patients with dihydropyridine‐induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) were used. Confluent cells were treated with nifedipine, interleukin‐1β or both. The mRNA expression was examined using real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and the concentration of total soluble collagen in conditioned media was analysed by Sircol Collagen Assay. In addition, the protein expressions of androgen receptor, CTGF/CCN2 and type I collagen in gingival tissue were determined by western blot. Results: Interleukin‐1β was more potent than nifedipine in stimulating CTGF/CCN2 and procollagen α1(I) mRNA expression, and there was an additive effect of the two drugs. Healthy cells exhibited an equal or stronger response of procollagen α1(I) than those with DIGO, but DIGO cells displayed a stronger response in the secretion of soluble collagen in the same conditions. Flutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist, inhibited stimulation by nifedipine or interleukin‐1β. Additionally, the protein expressions of androgen receptor and type I collagen were higher in DIGO gingival tissue than those in healthy gingival tissue. Conclusion: The data suggest that both nifedipine and interleukin‐1β play an important role in DIGO via androgen receptor upregulation and that gingival overgrowth is mainly due to collagen accumulation. Flutamide decreases the gene expression and protein production of collagen from dihydropyridine‐induced overgrowth cells.     

Effect of Emdogain on human periodontal fibroblasts in an in vitro wound-healing model

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Emdogain (EMD) on cultured gingival fibroblasts, periodontal ligament fibroblasts and dermal fibroblasts, using an in vitro model of wound healing. BACKGROUND: Enamel matrix derivative has been demonstrated to promote periodontal regeneration. However, the precise mechanisms by which this agent acts are still unclear. METHODS: The effect of EMD on proliferation of the cells was studied using subconfluent cultures of gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. The cells were made quiescent overnight and then stimulated with various concentrations of EMD (10, 50, 100 and 150 microg/ml) for 24 h. Negative and positive controls were cells cultured in media containing 0.2% and 10% fetal calf serum (FCS). The DNA synthesis was measured by the cellular uptake of [3H]thymidine. For in vitro wounding the cells were cultured, wounded and stimulated with 0.2% FCS, 10% FCS and EMD at a concentration of 20 microg/ml. The percentage of wound fill after treatment was measured after d 1, 4, 6, 12 and 16. The proliferation of cells was also calculated by the extent of incorporation of crystal violet. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that cells in vitro fill an empty space by a combination of proliferation and cell migration. The most rapid closure of a wound area occurred where both proliferation and migration can occur as was seen when wounded cultures were maintained in 10% FCS or at a concentration of 20 microg/ml EMD which promoted proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, EMD appears to exert an influence on cells that is compatible with improved wound healing.     

Gingival fibroblasts grown from cyclosporin-treated patients show a reduced production of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) compared with normal gingival fibroblasts, and cyclosporin down-regulates the production of MMP-1 stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth arises from an alteration in collagen homeostasis and is enhanced by inflammatory changes in the gingival tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction among interleukin-1, oncostatin M, cyclosporin and nifedipine in promoting the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase by gingival fibroblasts. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fibroblast cultures (n = 5) were obtained from healthy controls and from patients with cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth, and cells were harvested between the fourth and ninth passages. Cells were stimulated with interleukin-1 and oncostatin M, alone or in combination, and with different concentrations of cyclosporin (0-2000 ng/mL) and nifedipine (0-200 ng/mL). MMP-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 production was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. A CyQuant cell proliferation assay was used to determine the DNA concentration in the sample. RESULTS: Fibroblasts obtained from patients with cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth produced significantly lower levels of MMP-1 than control fibroblasts (p < 0.001); tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 levels were significantly lower (p < 0.05), and the ratio of MMP-1 to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 was reduced, in the conditioned medium of patients with cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth compared with controls. Interleukin-1 and oncostatin M produced a significant increase in the up-regulation of MMP-1, which was reversed when cyclosporin and nifedipine were added to the cell cultures (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly up-regulate MMP-1 in cultured gingival fibroblasts. Up-regulation is attenuated by both cyclosporin and nifedipine. The interaction may account for the synergism between inflammation and cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth.     

Wnt1、β-catenin在硝苯地平引起的药物性牙龈增生中的表达

目的:探讨Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关蛋白Wnt1、β-catenin在硝苯地平引起的药物性增生的牙龈组织中的表达.方法:选择正常牙龈对照组、(未服药)高血压牙龈增生组、硝苯地平引起的药物性牙龈增生组各10例,用Western-Blot和RT-PCR检测牙龈组织中Wnt1、β-catenin的表达.结果:药物性牙龈增生组的牙龈组织中Wnt1、β-catenin蛋白及mRNA表达水平显著高于正常牙龈对照组(P＜0.05)和高血压牙龈增生组(P＜0.05).结论:硝苯地平引起的药物性牙龈增生的牙龈组织中Wnt1、β-catenin表达水平增高,可能通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路促进牙龈成纤维细胞的增殖导致牙龈纤维化.