非霍奇金淋巴瘤内科治疗策略

恶性淋巴瘤（malignant lymphoma,ML）是一大组复杂的淋巴造血系统恶性肿瘤的总称,分为霍奇金病（Hodgkin disease,HD）和非霍奇金淋巴瘤（non-Hodgkin lymphoma,NHL）两大类^[1]。在我国,NHL占85％～90％,远高于欧美国家。近三十年来,NHL的发病率增长了一倍,达到20／10万人。     

非霍奇金侵袭性B细胞淋巴瘤治疗进展

非霍奇金侵袭性B细胞淋巴瘤以弥漫大B亚型占绝对多数,利妥昔单抗的应用使得弥漫大B的预后得到很大的提高。而其他类型,如套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)、Burkitt淋巴瘤(BL)、原发纵隔大B细胞淋巴瘤(PMBL)、原发睾丸淋巴瘤(PTL)等肿瘤细胞均表达CD20( ),免疫化疗为这些患者提供了一种新型的治疗手段。     

儿童非霍奇金淋巴瘤治疗进展

儿童非霍杰金淋巴瘤中B细胞型约占一半,包括Burkitt/Burkitt like型及弥漫性大B细胞型,近年使用环磷酰胺(CTX)、大剂量甲氨蝶呤(HDMTX)、大剂量阿糖胞苷(HDAra-C)为主的强烈、短疗程、冲击式联合化疗,无事件生存(EFS)已达80%~90%。其次是淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤,基于儿童高危急淋或T-细胞急淋的治疗,EFS亦达80%以上。间变型和纵隔大B型疗效较差,复发性治疗是难点,靶向治疗和造血干细胞移植将会带来更好前景。     

成人霍奇金淋巴瘤69例临床预后分析

目的 探讨霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)的临床特点与预后的关系。方法 回顾2004年1~12月在我院初治的69例成人HL患者的临床资料,分析各临床特征与预后的关系。结果 ①50例(72.5%)患者以颈部淋巴结肿大起病,病理以混合细胞型最多见。②治疗有效率达76.8％(53/69)。5年总生存率及无失败生存率分别为80.0%和72.0%。③单因素分析显示年龄、分期、结外器官侵犯、脾大、淋巴瘤国际预后指数(International Prognostic Index,IPI)分组、血红蛋白、一线化疗方案、化疗疗程、缓解情况是影响生存的主要因素(P＜0.05)。④多因素分析显示缓解情况是影响HL患者生存的主要因素(P＜0.05)。结论 HL患者以颈部淋巴结肿大起病最常见,治疗后缓解情况是HL独立预后危险因素。     

Clinico-pathological aspects of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma(ATL)

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma(ATL) was first discovered and reported in Japan, where it has a high incidence in the southwestern region of the country. The retrovirus human T-cell leukemia virus type I(HTLV-I) is considered to be related to its etiology. ATL shows divers clinical features. It can be divided into four types of smoldering, chronic, acute, and lymphoma. ATL cells originate from the CD4-positive subset of peripheral T cells showing a characteristic notch in the nucleus and a tendency for lobulation. A definit diagnosis of ATL is made by documenting the presence of HTLV-I proviral DNA in the DNA of leukemic or lymphoma cells. Crinico-Pathological aspects of ATL are more complexed than other types of lymphoma because of the verity of the disease type, state of immunodeficiency, hypercalcemia, cytokine activation, and so on.     

Case of cryptococcal choroiditis in adult with T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

A rare case of 70-year-old woman with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma who developed multifocal choroiditis from a dissemination of Cryptococcus neoformans is reported. Ophthalmologic examination revealed multiple yellowish choroidal lesions in the posterior pole of both eyes. Sequential optical coherence tomographic images disclosed the involvement of the choroid and the consecutive changes in its architecture during the course of treatment. The recognition of these ocular manifestations may be important for the rapid diagnosis of C. nerformans-disseminated diseases. Rapid diagnosis and prompt therapy with intravitreal injection as well as systemic fosfluconazole and liposomal amphotericin B led to clinical improvement of intraocular cryptococcosis.     

复发难治套细胞淋巴瘤的治疗

套细胞淋巴瘤（MCL）是一类以老年发病、临床表现多样化的侵袭性的B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤,一旦复发无标准治疗可参考。许多新型药物使复发难治的MCL的预后得到改善。本文对近几年的新药作一综述,供临床参考。     

Treatment of lymphoma with adoptively transferred T cells

Background: Chemotherapy-resistant lymphomas can be cured with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, demonstrating the susceptibility of these tumors to T cell mediated immune responses. However, high rates of transplant-related morbidity and mortality limit this approach. Efforts have, therefore, been made to develop alternative T cell based therapies, and there is growing evidence that adoptive therapy with T cells targeted to lymphoma-associated antigens may be a safe and effective new method for treating this group of diseases. Objective/methods: We review publications on adoptive therapy with ex vivo expanded T cells targeting viral antigens, as well as genetically modified autologous T cells, as strategies for the treatment of lymphoma, with the goal of providing an overview of these approaches. Results/conclusions: Epstein-Barr virus specific T cell therapy is an effective and safe method of treating Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphomas; however, most lymphoma subtypes do not express EBV antigens. For these diseases, adoptive immunotherapy with genetically modified T cells expressing chimeric T cell receptors targeting lymphoma-associated antigens such as CD19 and CD20 appears to be a promising alternative. Recent innovations including enhanced co-stimulation, exogenous cytokine administration and use of memory T cells promise to overcome many of the limitations and pitfalls initially encountered with this approach.     

早期原发扁桃体非霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗

目的　分析早期原发扁桃体非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (NHL)的治疗。方法　分析 1983年 1月至1997年 12月初治的、有病理证实的 2 13例早期原发扁桃体非霍奇金淋巴瘤。根据AnnArbor分期 ,Ⅰ期 35例 ,Ⅱ期 178例。Ⅰ期单纯放射治疗 12例 ,综合治疗 2 3例 ;Ⅱ期单纯放射治疗 5 7例 ,单纯化疗 2例 ,综合治疗 119例。结果　全组 5年总生存率、癌症相关生存率和无病生存率分别为 6 5 %、70 %和6 1%。全组单纯放射治疗和综合治疗的 5年癌症相关生存率分别为 6 3%和 72 %(P >0 .0 5 ) ,5年无病生存率分别为 5 6 %和 6 2 %(P >0 .0 5 )。Ⅰ期患者单纯放射治疗和综合治疗的 5年癌症相关生存率均为 10 0 %;5年无病生存率分别为 10 0 %和 80 %,两者差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。Ⅱ期患者单纯放射治疗和综合治疗的 5年癌症相关生存率分别为 5 8%和 6 6 %,两者差异接近有显著性 (P =0 .0 5 1) ;5年无病生存率分别为 46 %和 6 0 %,两者差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　Ⅰ期原发扁桃体NHL单纯放射治疗和综合治疗均取得好的疗效 ,综合治疗改善了Ⅱ期患者的无病生存率。综合治疗可改善早期扁桃体非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者的生存率。     

套细胞淋巴瘤的治疗现状及进展

套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)是一组具有高度异质性的非霍奇金淋巴瘤,常侵犯淋巴结、脾脏、骨髓和外周血.标准治疗方案下完全缓解期短,中位存活时间为4～5年.目前对于MCL尚无标准的治疗方案.一般认为,对于年轻、一般情况好的患者应该采取包含阿糖胞苷在内的强烈化疗±自体造血干细胞移植,对于复发/难治患者,也可以考虑进行异基因造血干细胞移植;对于临床表现惰性,低危的老年患者可采用观察等待的策略;对于中/高危的老年患者,推荐使用R-CHOP、R-苯达莫斯汀在内的相对缓和的化疗方案或临床试验;对于复发/难治患者可尝试使用一些作用于细胞代谢途径的药物如硼替佐米(NFkB抑制剂)、来那度胺(抗血管生成药)等.在治疗进展方面,ibruitinib (BTK抑制剂)以及Temsirolimus (mTOR抑制剂)等新药的临床研究显示出良好的疗效和应用前景.本综述将重点介绍MCL的规范化治疗现状及近年来在治疗学上取得的进展,以期能够指导MCL治疗的临床实践.     

Treatment of intermediate and high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Since the study by SWOG in 1993, CHOP regimen has been the standard therapy for patients with advanced stage intermediate-grade or high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Three-year estimated survival for all patients was about 50%. However, five-year disease free survival of the patients with high or high-intermediate risk by age-adjusted international prognostic index(IPI) is less than 30%. For the patients with low and low-intermediate IPI, high cure rate can be achieved by CHOP, or modified CHOP therapy. For the patients in high or high-intermediate risk groups, the CHOP regimen is not satisfactory. High-dose chemotherapy with haematopoietic stem cell rescue has been tried for those patients. We are conducting pilot study of high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell transplant(PBSCT) following induction with double CHOP regimen. Although the results are encouraging, confirmation with randomized prospective trials are necessary.     

Treatment of adult obesity with bariatric surgery

Bariatric surgery procedures, including laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, result in an average weight loss of 50 percent of excess body weight. Remission of diabetes mellitus occurs in approximately 80 percent of patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Other obesity-related comorbidities are greatly reduced, and health-related quality of life improves. The Obesity Surgery Mortality Risk Score can help identify patients with increased mortality risk from bariatric surgery. Complications and adverse effects are lowest with laparoscopic surgery, and vary by procedure and presurgical risk. The Roux-en-Y procedure carries an increased risk of malabsorption sequelae, which can be minimized with standard nutritional supplementation. Outcomes are also influenced by the experience of the surgeon and surgical facility. Overall, these procedures have a mortality risk of less than 0.5 percent. Although there have been no long-term randomized controlled trials, existing studies show that bariatric surgery has a beneficial effect on mortality. The family physician is well positioned to care for obese patients by discussing surgery as an option for long-term weight loss. Counseling about the procedure options, risks and benefits of surgery, and the potential reduction in comorbid conditions is important. Patient selection, presurgical risk reduction, and postsurgical medical management, with nutrition and exercise support, are valuable roles for the family physician.