七氟醚对不同性别患者罗库溴铵肌松作用的影响

目的 比较罗库溴铵肌松效应的性别差异和七氟醚对不同性别患者罗库溴铵肌松增效作用.方法 择期手术患者120例(男:女为1:1),年龄20～60岁.ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,按性别随机分为丙泊酚组和七氟醚组:女性丙泊酚组(PF组).男性丙泊酚组(PM组),女性七氟醚组(SF组),男性七氟醚组(SM组),每组30例.所有患者静脉注射咪达唑仑、芬太尼和丙泊酚行麻醉诱导,意识消失后,置入喉罩,接麻醉机辅助通气并启动肌松监测.丙泊酚组静脉输注丙泊酚维持麻醉,设定血浆靶控浓度2～6 μg/ml,输注丙泊酚5 min后静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,七氟醚组在呼气末七氟醚浓度稳定于1 MAC 5 min后静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg.记录肌松起效时间、完全肌松时间、T1恢复到25%和TOF恢复到25%的时间.结果 PM组较PF组起效时间长,完全肌松时间、T1恢复到25%和TOF恢复到25%的时间缩短(P＜0.05).SF组TOF恢复到25%的时间较PF组延长(P＜0.05),SM组较PM组起效时间缩短,完全肌松时间、T1恢复到25%和TOF恢复到25%的时间均延长(P＜0.05).SM组T1恢复到25%和TOF恢复到z5%的时间较SF组延长(P＜0.05).结论 女性罗库溴铵起效更快,作用时间长;而七氟醚对男性罗库溴铵的增效作用优于女性.     

异氟醚吸入麻醉与异丙酚静脉麻醉下长时间持续输注罗库溴铵的肌松作用

目的比较异氟醚吸入麻醉与异丙酚静脉麻醉下长时间持续输注罗库溴铵的肌松作用。方法拟在全麻下行口腔-颌面肿瘤择期手术(手术时间达5 h左右)病人30例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～65岁,随机分为2组(n=15):异丙酚组(Ⅰ组)异氟醚组(Ⅱ组)。用TOF-Watch SX肌松监测仪进行拇内收肌肌松监测。静脉注射罗库溴铵初始剂量0．6 mg·kg-1后气管插管,持续输注罗库溴铵。调整罗库溴铵的输注速率,T1稳定在基础值的10％时(初始状态),Ⅰ组靶控输注异丙酚维持麻醉,Ⅱ组吸入1 MAC异氟醚维持麻醉,持续5 h,术中维持T1在基础值的10％。记录罗库溴铵输注速率、恢复指数(T1恢复25％至75％的时间,T25-75)以及罗库溴铵停止输注到TOFR为0．9的时间。结果与初始状态比较,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组持续给药30 min-5 h时罗库溴铵输注速率下降(P<0．05);Ⅱ组持续给药1～5 h时罗库溴铵输注速率低于Ⅰ组(P<0．05)。两组间恢复指数和罗库溴铵停止输注到TOFR为0．9的时间差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。结论罗库溴铵可用于长时间持续输注以维持稳定的肌松。维持T1在基础值的10％的情况下,持续输注罗库溴铵5 h时异氟醚麻醉比异丙酚为主的全凭静脉麻醉罗库溴铵输注速率减少30％,但其恢复指数无差异。     

丙泊酚-七氟醚静吸复合麻醉对阿曲库铵药效学的影响

目的 观察七氟醚对阿曲库铵肌松效应的影响.方法 68例择期腹部手术的全麻患者,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～67岁,随机均分为丙泊酚-七氟醚静吸复合麻醉组(七氟醚组)和丙泊酚静脉麻醉组(对照组).监测腩电双频指数(BIS),使用加速度肌松监测仪刺激前臂尺神经,观察拇内收肌的收缩反应,记录阿曲库铵的起效时间、无反应时间、肌松维持时间以及恢复指数等指标.结果 两组肌松起效时间、无反应时间以及T1 25%时间差异无统计学意义,但七氟醚组25%四个成串刺激比(TOFr)恢复时间、恢复指数及拔管时间均比对照组明显延长(P<0.05).结论 七氟醚麻醉能明显增强阿曲库铵的肌松效应.     

七氟醚对罗库溴铵肌松效应的影响

目的 研究吸入不同浓度的七氟醚对不同剂量的罗库溴铵肌松效应的影响.方法 90例择期手术患者随机均分为六组.记录各组静注罗库溴铵后其起效时间、四个成串刺激(TOF)无反应时间、T1 25%恢复时间、T1 75%恢复时间及恢复指数(T1 25%恢复到75%的时间).结果 静注等效剂量的罗库溴铵Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组、Ⅳ组与Ⅱ组比较,起效时间差异无统计学意义.而静注等效剂量的Ⅴ组与Ⅰ组、Ⅵ组与Ⅱ组比较,起效时间明显缩短(P＜0.05);在无反应时间、T1 25%恢复时间、T1 75%恢复时间及恢复指数上,复合吸入七氟醚的Ⅲ到Ⅵ组较注入等效剂量的罗库溴铵Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较均有明显的延长(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组之间以及Ⅳ组与Ⅴ组之间罗库溴铵的肌松维持时间差异无统计学意义.结论 七氟醚能明显延长罗库溴铵的作用时间,有时间依赖及剂量依赖趋势.     

地氟醚七氟醚对糖尿病患者罗库溴铵肌松效应影响的比较

目的 比较地氟醚和七氟醚对糖尿病患者罗库溴铵肌松效应的影响.方法 择期2型糖尿病腹部手术患者60例,年龄45～64岁,ASA分级Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为3组,每组20例:地氟醚组(DD组)、七氟醚组(SD组)和异丙酚组(PD组).静脉注射咪达唑仑、异丙酚和芬太尼行麻醉诱导后启动肌松监测,3组分别用异丙酚、地氟醚和七氟醚维持麻醉.记录肌松维持时间和恢复指数.于静脉注射罗库溴铵后10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、100、110、120 min时记录T1/T0比值及T4/T1比值[四个成串刺激(train-of-four stimulation, TOF)比值].结果 DD组和SD组患者罗库溴铵的维持时间[(61±17),(60±18) min]、恢复指数[(36±12),(35±10) min]之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),且均大于PD组(P＜0.05).DD组、SD组患者静脉注射罗库溴铵后60～120 min时T1/T0比值和TOF比值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),且均大于PD组(P＜0.05).结论 地氟醚和七氟醚对糖尿病患者罗库溴铵肌松效应的影响差异无统计学意义.     

七氟醚、异氟醚对阿曲库铵肌松恢复的影响

目的 观察七氟醚、异氟醚对阿曲库铵肌松恢复的影响.方法 选择75例Ⅰ或Ⅱ级成年择期全麻手术病人随机均分为三组.Ⅰ组丙泊酚4～10 mg·kg-1·h-1泵入;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别吸入呼气末浓度为1 MAC的七氟醚、异氟醚.诱导插管后阿曲库铵均以30μg·kg-1·min-1的速度静脉泵入.使用Biomter加速度仪监测肌松恢复情况,记录T1恢复至25%,75%及TOFr恢复至0.7的时间.结果 Ⅱ、Ⅲ组T1恢复至25%、75%的时间及TOFr恢复至0.7的时间均比Ⅰ组显著延长(P＜0.05).恢复指数(T1从25%至75%的时间)三组比较差异无统计学意义.结论 七氟醚、异氟醚均可增加阿曲库铵残余肌松作用.     

儿童七氟醚、异氟醚及全静脉麻醉中罗库溴铵的恢复时程

目的 比较罗库溴铵气管插管剂量在儿童七氟醚、异氟醚和全静脉麻醉中恢复时程的差异.方法 51例2～14岁儿童随机均分为七氟醚组(S组)、异氟醚组(I组)和全静脉麻醉组(P组).静脉给予罗库溴铵O.6 mg/kg,比较T1恢复至基础值10%、25%、75%的时间(T10、T25、T75)和恢复指数(RI=T75-T25)在不同麻醉方式下的差异.结果 三组儿童T10、T25差异无统计学意义.I组T75和RI长于P组(P＜0.05),S组与P组比较有延长趋势,但差异无统计学意义.S组与I组所有时点差异均无统计学意义.结论 儿童罗库溴铵气管插管剂量,在七氟醚、异氟醚和全静脉麻醉下的临床作用时间差异无统计学意义,异氟醚麻醉下肌松作用完全恢复时间较在全静脉麻醉下显著延长.     

七氟醚与异氟醚对老年患者持续输注顺式阿曲库铵肌松效应的影响

目的 比较吸入等效浓度七氟醚和异氟醚麻醉下对老年患者持续输注顺式阿曲库铵肌松效应的影响.方法 全麻下行耳鼻喉或颌面外科手术老年患者60例,随机均分为三组.七氟醚组(S组)和异氟醚组(Ⅰ组)分别吸入等效浓度(呼气末浓度1 MAC)七氟醚和异氟醚维持麻醉,对照组(C组)靶控输注丙泊酚(血浆靶浓度为2～3 μg/ml)维持麻醉,同时三组均持续输注顺式阿曲库铵,使T1稳定在基础值的10％,采用TOF-Watch SX肌松监测仪行拇内收肌肌松监测.记录初始剂量顺式阿曲库铵起效时间、术中输注速率、恢复指数(T1恢复25％至75％)和TOFr恢复至0.9的时间.结果 给药30 min后各时点S组和Ⅰ组顺式阿曲库铵输注速率小于C组(P＜0.05).给药45 min后各时点I组顺式阿曲库铵输注速率高于S组(P＜0.05).结论 等效浓度七氟醚和异氟醚麻醉下均能增强老年患者持续输注顺式阿曲库铵的肌松效应.     

七氟醚对罗库溴铵肌松效应的影响

目的 观察七氟醚对罗库溴铵肌松作用的影响.方法 成人全麻手术患者60例随机均分为三组.每组20例.Ⅰ组丙泊酚静脉麻醉,Ⅱ组吸入七氟醚(1 MAC)15 min,Ⅲ组吸入七氟醚(1 MAC)45 min.在麻醉平稳(Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在呼气末七氟醚浓度稳定在1 MAC)后静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,记录TOFr的变化.结果 Ⅱ、Ⅲ组罗库溴铵的起效时间分别为97.60 s和94.50 s,明显短于Ⅰ组的119.90 s(P<0.05);Ⅱ和Ⅲ组完全肌松时间(T1消失)明显长于Ⅰ组(32.7 min和44,6 min vs.21.3 min)(P<0.05),Ⅲ组明显长于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);TOF的T2～T4出现的时间及TOFr恢复到25%、50%和75%的时间,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组均长于Ⅰ组,且Ⅲ组长于Ⅱ组(P<0.05).结论 持续吸入1 MAC七氟醚能随吸人时间延长而增强罗库溴铵的神经肌肉阻滞效应.     

罗库溴铵和阿曲库铵联合应用的肌松效应分析

目的探讨罗库溴铵和阿曲库铵联合应用时的肌松效应。方法择期全麻手术女性成年患者147例,丙泊酚和舒芬太尼静脉诱导,输注丙泊酚维持麻醉。面罩辅助或控制呼吸,用加速度仪以连续4次刺激(TOF)方式透皮刺激腕部尺神经,获取肌松药作用起效时间和T1最大抑制程度(Tmax)。按观测项目将患者均分成四组。结果阿曲溴铵ED95为(220.8±3.6)μg/kg,罗库溴铵ED95为(286.3±3.1)μg/kg。0.5×ED95的罗库溴铵与阿曲库铵联合使用,肌松效应达到T1抑制93%~97%时,阿曲库铵的剂量为63.6μg/kg。罗库溴铵0.5×ED95与阿曲库铵63.6μg/kg联合使用,Tmax为(95.3±0.9)%,变异系数1.0%。Ⅳ组中三个亚组的Tmax基本相同,合用组作用起效时间比阿曲库铵组快(P<0.01)。给予肌松药前和注药后5min内,MAP和HR的波动幅度均小于5%。结论罗库溴铵与阿曲库铵合用呈协同作用。当罗库溴铵剂量为0.5×ED95时,为获得T1抑制95%的肌松效应,阿曲库铵的合理用量为63.6μg/kg,比阿曲库铵的ED95减少71.2%。     

Time course and train-of-four fade of mivacurium block during sevoflurane and intravenous anaesthesia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Volatile anaesthetics inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at clinically relevant concentrations with higher affinity for the neuronal nicotinic receptor. The inhibitory effects of propofol on nicotinic receptors have only been documented at supraclinical concentrations. The aim of this study was to determine recovery properties and train-of-four (TOF) fade of mivacurium during sevoflurane and propofol anaesthesia, in order to examine any differences both in the enhancement of the neuromuscular block (postjunctional effects) and in TOF fade (prejunctional effects). METHODS: Twenty ASA I-II adult patients were randomly allocated to maintenance of anaesthesia with sevoflurane (end-tidal concentration 2%) or propofol. Neuromuscular block was assessed by acceleromyography and a single dose of mivacurium (0.15 mg kg(-1)) was administered (in the sevoflurane group after 30 min of exposure to sevoflurane). We measured time for recovery of the first twitch of the TOF (T1) from 25-75%, time from 25% recovery of T1 to achieving a TOF ratio (TOFR) of 0.8, TOFR at 50%, 75% and 90% recovery of T1, and height of T1 at TOFR of 0.7 and 0.9. Data were tested using t-test for independent samples. RESULTS: Recovery times (mean (95% confidence interval, CI)) of mivacurium in the sevoflurane group (T1 25-75%, 11.3 (8.1-14.5) min; T1 25%-TOFR0.8, 19.1 (15.7-22.5) min) were significantly longer (P < 0.05) than in the propofol group (T1 25-75%, 6.5 (5.2-7.7) min; T1 25%-TOFR0.8, 11.3 (7.8-10.3) min). No differences were found in the relations between TOFR and T1 or vice versa, between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Recovery times after a single dose of mivacurium were prolonged by sevoflurane compared with propofol but no differences in TOF fade were observed between the two anaesthetics.     

Recovery from neuromuscular block after an intubation dose of cisatracurium and rocuronium in lumbar disc surgery

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Residual muscle paralysis remains a concern for anaesthesiologists. This study investigated the recovery from neuromuscular block (NMB) after an intubation dose of cisatracurium (C) or rocuronium (R) in 32 patients undergoing lumbar disc surgery. METHODS: Anaesthesia was induced with propofol and sufentanil, and maintained with sevoflurane in nitrous oxide/oxygen. Patients were randomised to receive twice the ED95 of either cisatracurium (GC) or rocuronium (GR) before tracheal intubation. After placement in prone position, neuromuscular transmission was monitored at the wrist by accelerometry. NMB was antagonised when the TOF ratio (TOFR) was < 0.75 at muscle closure. The time from muscle relaxant to muscle closure, and to TOFR of 0.25 and of 0.50 were recorded. Data were analysed using Student's t-tests, chi-squared tests and two-way mixed-designed ANOVA's. The prediction probability (Pk) of the times from muscle relaxant to muscle closure, and to TOFR of 0.25 for the necessity to antagonize NMB was calculated in both groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: NMB was antagonized in 8 (GC) and 6 (GR) patients, respectively. The time from muscle relaxant to muscle closure was shorter in patients whose NMB was antagonized. The Pk of this time was significant in GC (0.85) but not in GR (0.69). In GR contrarily to GC, the times to a TOFR of 0.25 and 0.50 were longer in patients whose NMB was antagonized. The Pk of the time to TOFR of 0.25 was significant in GR (0.95) but not in GC (0.64). CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of cisatracurium or rocuronium may be associated to some degree of NMB at the end of lumbar surgery, depending on the duration of surgery and on the duration of action of the muscle relaxant which is more variable for rocuronium than for cisatracurium.     

Neostigmine antagonism of rocuronium block during anesthesia with sevoflurance, isoflurane or propofol

PURPOSE: To examine the influence of continuing administration of sevoflurane or isoflurane during reversal of rocuronium induced neuromuscular block with neostigmine. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients, divided into three equal groups, were randomly allocated to maintenance of anesthesia with sevoflurane, isoflurane or propofol. Neuromuscular block was induced with rocuronium and monitored using train-of-four (TOF) stimulation of the ulnar nerve and recording the force of contraction of the adductor pollicis muscle. Neostigmine was administered when the first response in TOF had recovered to 25%. At this time the volatile agent administration was stopped or propofol dosage reduced in half the patients in each group (n = 20 in each group). The times to attain TOF ratio of 0.8, and the number of patients attaining this end point within 15 min were recorded. RESULTS: The times (mean +/- SD) to recovery of the TOF ratio to 0.8 were 12.0 +/- 5.5 and 6.8 +/- 2.3 min in the sevoflurane continued and sevoflurane stopped groups, 9.0 +/- 8.3 and 5.5 +/- 3.0 min in the isoflurane continued and isoflurane stopped groups, and 5.2 +/- 2.8 and 4.7 +/- 1.5 min in the propofol continued and propofol stopped groups (P < 0.5-01). Only 9 and 15 patients in the sevoflurane and isoflurane continued groups respectively had attained a TOF ratio of 0.8 within 15 min (P < 0.001 for sevoflurane). CONCLUSIONS: The continued administration of sevoflurane, and to a smaller extent isoflurane, results in delay in attaining adequate antagonism of rocuronium induced neuromuscular block.     

七氟烷对糖尿病和非糖尿病患者罗库溴铵肌松效应影响的比较

目的 比较七氟烷对糖尿病和非糖尿病患者罗库溴铵肌松效应的影响.方法 择期腹部手术患者60例,年龄45～64岁,ASAⅡ级,其中Ⅱ型糖尿病患者30例,随机分为2组(n=15):异丙酚组(PD组)和七氟烷组(SD组);非糖尿病患者30例,随机分为2组(n=15):异丙酚组(PN组)和七氟烷组(SN组).静脉注射咪达唑仑、异丙酚和芬太尼行麻醉诱导后启动肌松监测,PD组和PN组静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg后气管插管,静脉输注异丙酚维持麻醉;SD组和SN组1%地卡因充分表面麻醉后气管插管.吸入七氟烷(呼气末浓度1.71%)10 min后静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,吸入七氟烷(呼气末浓度1.71%)维持麻醉.记录肌松起效时间、维持时间和恢复指数.于静脉注射罗库溴铵后10、20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90、100、110、120 min时记录T1/T0比值及TOF比值(T4T1比值).结果 PN组与PD组、SN组与SD组、PD组与SD组间罗库溴铵起效时间、维持时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与SN组和PD组比较,SD组恢复指数延长(P<0.05).静脉注射罗库溴铵后60～120 min,SD组T1/T0比值和TOF比值较PD组降低(P<0.05);静脉注射罗库溴铵后80～120 min,SD组TOF比值较SN组降低(P<0.05).结论 与非糖尿病患者相比,七氟烷对糖尿病患者罗库溴铵肌松效应的强化作用进一步增强.     

七氟烷对顺式阿曲库铵和罗库溴铵肌松作用的影响

目的：比较七氟烷对顺式阿曲库铵和罗库溴铵肌松效应的影响。方法：择期手术患者240例,随机分为顺式阿曲库铵组（CIS120例）和罗库溴铵组（ROC120例）。两组患者再随机分为丙泊酚组（60例）和七氟烷组（60例）,均静脉注射咪达唑仑、芬太尼和丙泊酚行麻醉诱导,丙泊酚组靶控输注丙泊酚维持麻醉,设定血浆靶控浓度2～6μg/mL,输注丙泊酚5min后静脉注射顺式阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg或罗库溴铵0.6mg/kg;七氟烷组在呼气末七氟烷浓度稳定于1MAC5min后静脉注射顺式阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg或罗库溴铵0.6mg/kg。结果：CIS两组,起效时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;七氟烷组完全肌松时间、维持时间与丙泊酚组比较均显著延长（P〈0.01）。ROC两组,起效时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;七氟烷组完全肌松时间、维持时间与丙泊酚组比较均显著延长（P〈0.01）。结论：七氟烷对顺式阿曲库铵及罗库溴铵的肌松均有增效作用。     

Randomized, multicenter study of interaction between Org 9426 (rocuronium bromide) and anesthetic agents in Japanese population

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this randomized, multi-center phase III trial was to investigate the influence of sevoflurane and propofol on the neuromuscular blocking effects and pharmacokinetic parameters of Org 9426 (rocuronium bromide) in Japanese population. METHODS: Thirty-nine adult Japanese patients participated in this randomized, multi-center study. Neuromuscular function was monitored continuously with TOF-Watch SX (Organon NV, Netherlands) after anesthetic induction with propofol. These subjects randomly received either 0.6 mg x kg(-1) or 0.9 mg x kg(-1) of rocuronium for endotracheal intubation. These two groups were further divided to two anesthetic regiments : sevoflurane group and propofol group. The difference in onset and recovery of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block was statistically analyzed with two-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Mean duration for maximal block was 76 seconds and 66 seconds, respectively. The duration between Org 9426 administration and 25% recovery of first twitch response was significantly prolonged in patients given 0.9 mg x kg(-1) of Org 9426. Sevoflurane also significantly increased this duration. However, the serum concentration of Org 9426 was not statistically different between the four study groups. CONCLUSIONS: The duration of Org 9426-induced neuromuscular blockade was significantly increased under sevoflurane anesthesia compared to propofol anesthesia. This difference may be attributed to pharmacodynamic change.     

Early and late reversal of rocuronium with pyridostigmine during sevoflurane anaesthesia in children

This study investigated the effect of pyridostigmine administered at different levels of recovery of neuromuscular function after rocuronium during sevoflurane anaesthesia in children. Fifty-one patients aged 3 to 10 years, ASA physical status 1 or 2 were randomized to 4 groups: a spontaneous recovery group; or, reversal with pyridostigmine 0.25 mg/kg with glycopyrrolate 0.01 mg/kg at one of three times: 5 minutes after rocuronium administration; at 1% twitch height (T1) recovery; or at a 25% twitch height (T25) recovery. Anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone (5-7 mg/kg) and maintained with 2-3% sevoflurane and 50% nitrous oxide. Atropine (0.015 mg/kg) and, after calibrating the TOF-Watch, rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) were then administered. Maximal block occurred 1.1+/-0.5 min (mean, SD) after rocuronium administration. In the spontaneous recovery group, the clinical duration (recovery to T25) was 40.1+/-8.8 min and the recovery index (time between T25 and T75) 19.9+/-9.8 min. Recovery to TOF >0.9 from the time of rocuronium administration was reduced by approximately 30% in the pyridostigmine groups compared to the spontaneous recovery group. There was no significant difference among the three pyridostigmine groups. When pyridostigmine was given at T1 or T25, the time from pyridostigmine administration to TOF >0.9 was shorter than for the group receiving pyridostigmine 5 minutes after rocuronium.     

Postoperative residual curarization with cisatracurium and rocuronium infusions

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Monitoring of neuromuscular blockade still often relies on clinical judgement. Moreover, there are substantial national differences in the use of agents to 'reverse' their effects. We investigated the recovery characteristics and incidence of postoperative residual curarization after cisatracurium and rocuronium infusions for long duration interventions without systematic antagonism. METHODS: In 30 patients undergoing major surgery, we measured infusion dose requirements for rocuronium and cisatracurium during propofol anaesthesia. Infusions were discontinued at the beginning of surgical closure; spontaneous recovery of neuromuscular function was awaited in both groups. Neostigmine (50 microg kg(-1)) was administered only when a patient started to wake without a train-of-four ratio (TOF) of 0.9. RESULTS: In the cisatracurium and rocuronium groups, four (27%) and one (7%) patients, respectively, had a TOF ratio > or = 0.9 at the end of surgery. The TOF ratio in each group at that time was 51 +/- 32% for cisatracurium and 47 +/- 31% for rocuronium (P = 0.78). Six patients (40%) in the cisatracurium group and seven (47%) in the rocuronium group required neostigmine. The TOF ratio at the time of reversal was 63 +/- 7% for cisatracurium and 40 +/- 19% for rocuronium (P = 0.01). The time interval between the end of surgery and a TOF ratio of 0.9 was 10 +/- 9 min for cisatracurium and 18 +/- 13 min for rocuronium (P = n.s.). CONCLUSIONS: Patients receiving a cisatracurium or rocuronium infusion have a high incidence of postoperative residual curarization when the block is not antagonized. When 'reversal' is not attempted, cisatracurium seems to be safer than rocuronium.     

长期糖皮质激素用药对老年患者全麻手术中顺阿曲库铵肌松效应的影响

目的探讨长期糖皮质激素用药对老年全麻手术患者顺阿曲库铵肌松效应的影响。方法择期老年全麻手术患者40例,男28例,女12例,年龄≥65岁,BMI 18~22kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,根据患者是否长期糖皮质激素用药分为两组(n=20):对照组(非激素组,C组)和激素组(J组)。静脉注射咪达唑仑0.03mg/kg,面罩吸入8%七氟醚,氧流量为8L,每30s递减2%,直至4%,睫毛反射消失后,静脉注射顺阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg,经1min静脉注射瑞芬太尼2μg/kg,30s后停止吸入七氟醚,气管插管后行机械通气,靶控输注丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼维持麻醉,采用TOFWatch SX加速度仪监测肌松程度,记录顺阿曲库铵起效时间、肌颤搐最大抑制程度、临床作用时间、恢复指数。结果与C组比较,J组顺阿曲库铵起效时间明显延长,肌颤搐最大抑制程度明显降低,临床作用时间明显缩短,恢复指数明显减小(P0.05)。结论长期糖皮质激素用药可减弱老年全麻手术患者顺阿曲库铵肌松效应。