阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗女性精神分裂症临床对照研究

目的比较阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗女性精神分裂症患者的副反应。方法将符合入组标准的100例女性精神分裂症患者随机分为阿立哌唑组与利培酮组各50例进行为期8周的治疗。采用副反应量表(TESS)评定副反应。并采用放射免疫法于治疗前和治疗后2、4、6、8周末分别测定血清催乳素(PRL)水平。结果阿立哌唑组TESS评分为3.4±2.3,利培酮组为3.6±2.5,两组副反应都比较轻微,差别无显著性意义(P>0.05)。8周末血清PRL水平,阿立哌唑组11.9±12.1μg/L,与治疗前比较差别无显著性意义(P>0.05);利培酮组121.4±76.3μg/L,与治疗前比较差别有显著性意义(P<0.01)。两组比较差别有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论阿立哌唑副反应轻微,对女性患者血清PRL水平影响小,是一种较为理想的抗精神病药。     

不同抗精神病药物对精神分裂症患者血清PRL、MPRL水平的影响

目的:探究抗精神病药物对精神分裂症患者血清催乳素(Prolactin,PRL)水平、巨泌乳素(Giant prolactin,MPRL)水平的影响.方法:选取我院2018年1月至2020年5月间收治的168例服用抗精神病药物治疗的精神分裂症患者进行前瞻性研究,所有患者随机分为四组(n=42),分别口服喹硫平50-350 mg,Bid;利培酮1-3 mg,Bid;阿立哌唑5-15 mg,Bid;奥氮平5-10 mg,Bid,治疗12 w.治疗前、治疗2、6、12 w后采用化学发光免疫测定血清PRL、酶联免疫吸附法(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定MPRL水平;同时采用精神分裂症阳性与阴性症状量表评估精神分裂症状,并记录不良反应发生率.结果:治疗12 w后,利培酮组患者血清PRL、MPRL水平明显高于喹硫平组、阿立哌唑组、奥氮平组(P<0.05);所有患者各维度精神分裂症状评分均明显低于治疗前(P<0.05),且组间无显著差异(P>0.05),不良反应发生率也无显著差异(P>0.05).结论:喹硫平、利培酮、阿立哌唑、奥氮平治疗精神分裂症均能有效减轻临床症状,且效果相当;其中利培酮能显著升高血清PRL、MPRL水平.     

利培酮与氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症疗效及依从性比较

目的评价利培酮与氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症的疗效及依从性.方法 98例精神分裂症患者随机分为2组,分别给予利培酮和氯丙嗪治疗,均治疗48周,于治疗前、8周末、48周末采用阳性症状阴性症状量表(PANSS)、药物副反应量表TESS评价其疗效、副反应及依从性.结果 8周后利培酮组有效率91.9%,氯丙嗪组有效率89.8%,2组治疗前后比较有非常显著性的疗效(p<0.01),但两组间比较差异无显著性(p>0.05);48周后利培酮组有效率91.9%,氯丙嗪组有效率69.4%.利组疗效有显著性(p<0.01),氯丙嗪组疗效有显著性(p<0.05),利组优于氯组(p<0.05).利培酮组的不良反应发生率远低于氯丙嗪组.结论精神分裂症患者对利培酮的依从性高主要是因疗效好和副反应轻.     

氯氮平、氯丙嗪对电抽搐治疗精神分裂症时血清催乳素影响的比较

目的探讨电抽搐治疗(ECT)、典型和非典型抗精神病药物对精神分裂症血清催乳素(PRL)水平的影响.方法40例精神分裂症患者随机分为氯氮平、氯丙嗪组采用放射免疫法对在第1、4、6次ECT前后各15分钟的PRL水平变化进行比较研究.结果两组各次ECT后PRL水平均较疗前显著升高(p<0.01).氯氮平组各次ECT后的PRL释放值之间无显著区别(p>0.05);氯丙嗪组ECT后PRL释放值逐渐减少.氯氮平组ECT-6前的PRL基础水平为13.8±3.9μg/l,较ECT-1前显著下降(p<0.01),而氯丙嗪组ECT-6前的PRL基础水平155.8±24.8μg/l,较ECT-1前显著增高(p<0.01).结论支持精神分裂症的多巴胺(DA)功能亢进假说,精神分裂症患者可能有中枢5-羟色胺(5-HT)功能障碍.     

经典抗精神病药及氯氮平换用利培酮治疗慢性精神分裂症的对照研究

目的　探讨长期使用经典抗精神病药及氯氮平的慢性精神分裂症病人换用利培酮治疗的疗效。方法　将 2 8例慢性精神分裂症患者分为经典抗精神病药组 ( A组 )、氯氮平组 ( B组 )、未用药组 ( C组 ,即对照组 ) ,疗期≥ 3个月 ,以治疗前后患者症状及自知力改善情况一次性评定。结果　 3组疗效有差异 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,联用氯氮平后疗效 3组相似 ( P>0 .0 5 ) ,并在 3组中进行比较 ,阳性及阴性症状疗效相似 ( P>0 .0 5 )。结论　利培酮治疗慢性精神分裂症安全有效 ,联用氯氮平疗效更好。     

利培酮与氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的　评价利培酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效和副作用。方法　将 5 9例精神分裂症住院病人随机分为利培酮 ( 4 mg/d)1组 ( 1 9例 )、利培酮 ( 6 mg/d) 2组 ( 2 0例 )和氯丙嗪组 ( 2 0例 ) ,治疗 8周。用阳性与阴性症状量表 ( PANSS)评定疗效 ,用副反应量表 ( BPRS)及锥体外系副反应量表 ( TESS)评定副反应。结果　利培酮两个剂量组与氯丙嗪组之间疗效无显著性差异。在认知因子、阴性因子、PANSS总分减分率方面 ,利培酮组与氯丙嗪组有显著性差异。利培酮的副反应有锥体外系反应、失眠、头昏等。结论　利培酮是一种安全有效的抗精神病药物 ,在改善认知功能和阴性症状方面 ,利培酮优于氯丙嗪 ,少数病例可出现锥体外系反应。     

氯丙嗪和利培酮对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响

目的 比较氯丙嗪和利培酮对首发精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响。方法 将100例首发精神分裂症住院患者随机分为氯丙嗪组（50例）和利培酮组（50例）,进行开放性对照研究。在治疗前和治疗后第8周末各做1次韦氏成人智力量表（WAIS-R）、韦氏记忆量表（WMS）和威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）。结果 治疗第8周末,利培酮组各项认知功能检查结果明显好于氯丙嗪组（P〈0．05）;在控制可能的干扰因素（入组时测查水平、年龄、文化程度、药物副反应的程度）后,大部分检查结果两组之间差异仍正著,利培酮组各项认知功能指标均有好转,而氯丙嗪姐6项中有3项恶化。结论 对首发精神分裂症患者,利培酮治疗对其认知功能有改善作用,而氯丙嗪对认知功能的某些方面有损害。     

利培酮与氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症疗效及依从性比较

目的评价利培酮与氯丙嗪治疗精神分裂症的疗效及依从性．方法-98例精神分裂症患者随机分为2组，分别给予利培酮和氯丙嗪治疗，均治疗48周，于治疗前、8周末、48周末采用阳性症状阴性症状量表(PANSS)、药物副反应量表TESS评价其疗效、副反应及依从性．结果8周后利培酮组有效率91．9％，氯丙嗪组有效率89．8％、2组治疗前后比较有非常显著性的疗效(P＜O．01)，但两组间比较差异无显著性(P＞O．05)；48周后利培酮组有效率91．9％，氯丙嗪组有效率69．4％．利组疗效有显著性(P＜O．01)，氯丙嗪组疗效有显著性(P＜O．05)，利组优于氯组(p＜O．05)．利培酮组的不良反应发生率远低于氯丙嗪组．结论精神分裂症患者对利培酮的依从性高主要是因疗效好和副反应轻．     

利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症3年随访结果分析

目的　探讨利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的长期效果。方法　对 87例利培酮治疗出院的首发精神分裂症患者进行为期 3年随访 ,以总体印象量表 ( CGI)、副反应量表 ( TESS)及社会功能缺陷量表 ( SDSS)评估利培酮治疗的社会功能恢复状况 ,临床疗效及药物副反应等 ,并与同期氯氮平治疗的首发精神分裂症患者 87例进行对照。结果　利培酮组 CGI得分中EI:1 .88± 0 .81较氯氮平组 1 .48± 0 .5 1显著性增高 ( P<0 .0 5 )。利培酮组与氯氮平组 SDSS评分分别为 3 .2 2± 2 .5 6和5 .5 3± 2 .5 1具有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 0 1 )。TESS结果显示两组差异并不显著 ,但是副反应表现不同。利培酮与氯氮平治疗首发精神分裂症病人 ,3年内复发率分别为 1 1 .49%和 3 1 .0 3 % ,( P<0 .0 0 1 ) ,再住院率分别为 9.2 0 %和 45 .98% ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,均具有显著性差异。结论　两种药物治疗出院的首发精神分裂症患者 ,以长期疗效、社会功能的恢复及预后利培酮组优于氯氮平组 ,因此首发精神分裂症患者应首选利培酮     

利培酮联合丙戊酸镁对精神分裂症攻击行为的疗效观察

目的 观察用利培酮联合丙戊酸铗治疗精神分裂症患者攻击行为的疗效和药物副反应。方法 将64例有攻击行为的精神分裂症住院患者随机分为研究组（利培酮联合丙戊酸镁治疗）32例,对照组（单用利培酮治疗）32例。疗程4周。两组于治疗前及治疗第4周末采用简明精神病评定量表,治疗前及治疗第1、2、4周末采用外显攻击行为量表,副反应量表评定疗效与不良反应。结果 两组治疗前与治疗后简明精神病评定量表各因子分差异均有显著性（P〈0．01）,治疗后两组问比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。两组治疗前后外显攻击行为量表评分差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。治疗第2、4周末两组问比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。研究组评分降低更为明显。结论 利培酮联合丙戊酸镁治疗精神分裂症的攻击行为疗效更佳。     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...