三种非创伤性检测手段对老年人冠心病心肌缺血的评价

目的:探讨核素心肌灌注显像、平板运动试验和Holter监测对老年患者冠心病(CHD)的诊断价值。方法:选择曾进行冠状动脉造影(CAG)、且于造影前后2个月内完成单光子发射计算机断层(SPECT)和平板运动试验(TET)的老年疑诊冠心病患者114例,其中部分患者完成Holter监测。对检测结果进行回顾性对比分析。结果:以冠状动脉造影结果作为金标准,114例中有89例诊断为冠心病,25例排除冠心病。冠心病诊断的敏感性和特异性:SRECT法分别为92.1％和60.0％,平板运动试验(以最大ST/HR≥2.2mV/次·min为阳性)分别为80.9％和80.0％,Holter监测为57.9％和71.4％。SPECT、TET法的敏感性好于Holter法(P<0.05),SPECT法的特异性较Holter法差(P<0.05)。以SPECT‘评分和TET的最大ST/HR斜率作为诊断指标,ROC曲线下面积无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:SPECT法和平板运动试验(最大ST/HR斜率)诊断老年人冠心病的价值优于Holter监测。     

平板运动试验的心率校正ST段下移指标对冠心病的预测价值

目的：探讨平板运动试验中ST段下移、△ST／△HR指数和最大ST／HR斜率预测冠心病的价值。方法：对已行冠脉造影检查并在造影前有平板运动试验资料的120例患者资料进行分析。研究ST段下移、△ST／△HR指数和最大ST／HR斜率诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性。结果：120例患者冠脉造影阳性者66例。ST段下移、△ST／△HR指数和最大ST／HR斜率的（敏感性和特异性）分别为（69．7％、72．2％）、（92．4％、88．9％）和（93．9％、90．7％）。冠心病组△ST／△HR指数和最大ST／HR斜率敏感性、特异性均显著高于非冠心病组（P〈0．01）。结论：平板运动试验中采用心率校正的ST段指标能提高对冠心病的诊断价值。     

运动平板试验ST/HR斜率和心率恢复环在冠心病诊断中的价值

目的探讨运动平板试验中ST／HR斜率和心率恢复环在冠心病诊断中的价值。方法选择2006年1月至2007年6月于我科拟诊冠心病，接受运动平板试验的患者118例，应用Cornell方案，分别测定传统ST段指标、ST／HR斜率、心率恢复环，与1周内冠状动脉造影结果相比较，判断三种运动平板试验诊断指标对冠心病诊断的价值。结果ST／HR斜率诊断冠心病的敏感性为86．25％，特异性为89．47％，心率恢复环敏感性为81．25％，特异性为92．10％，两种指标的敏感性均明显高于传统ST段指标（56．25％，P〈0．05），特异性与传统ST段指标相比（86．84％），差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论ST／HR斜率和心率恢复环在冠心病诊断中较传统ST段下移诊断标准有较高的敏感性。     

活动平板试验中收缩压恢复比对冠心病的预测价值

目的：研究活动平板试验中收缩压恢复比（rSBP）对冠心病的诊断价值。方法：99例患者接受活动平板试验和冠状动脉造影,分为冠心病组（56例,冠脉造影阳性）、高血压病组（18例,冠脉造影阴性）和对照组（25例,冠脉造影阴性）,对比分析rSBP和ST／HR斜率对冠心病的诊断价值。结果：冠心病组、高血压病组3minrSBP值[（0．94±0．09）、（0．80±0．10）]显著高于对照组的（0．74±0．06）,分别P〈0．01,〈0．05。rSBP诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为89．3％、76．7％、特异性、准确性分别为90．7％、90．3％、94．2％。结论：斜率可提高诊断的特异性和准确性。83．3％,联合rSBP和ST／HR斜率诊断冠心病的敏感性、rSBP可作为诊断冠心病的无创指标之一,联合ST／HR     

动态心电图各指标单独及联合应用对冠心病诊断价值的对比

目的探讨动态心电图指标单独及联合应用时对冠心病的诊断价值。方法选择126例同期行冠状动脉造影（CAG）和24h动态心电图（AECG）监测的病人，按CAG结果分组，对比分析AECG所获得的指标对各组冠心病人的诊断价值。结果①ST、ST／HR、SDNN对冠脉病变诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、约登指数分别为：79．12％，62．86％，84．71％，53．66％，0．42；78、02％，94．29％，97．26％，62．26％，0．72；71．43％，82．86％，92．86％，52．73％，0．54；以ST／HR诊断价值最大；②单支、双支、三支冠脉病变组比较，各指标对冠脉病变诊断的敏感性均依次递增（ST：45．16％VS95．33％VS100．00％，p〈0．01；ST／HR：54．84％vs90．00％VS90．00％，P〈0．01；SDNN：38．7％VS76．67％VS100．00％，P〈0．01），差异均有显著性；③ST／HR与SDNN并联时对冠脉病变诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、约登指数分别为：92．31％，80．00％，92．31％，80．00％，0．72；其灵敏度、特异度均≥80％，效果最佳。结论①ST、ST／HR、SDNN指标是诊断冠脉病变严重程度的较好指标．其中以ST／HR的诊断价值最大：②ST／HR与SDNN联合运用可提高AECG对冠心病的诊断价值；③冠状动脉病变范围越广、程度越重，AECG对冠心病的诊断敏感性越高。     

性别对心率调整心电图ST段降低方法诊断冠心病的影响

目的　就性别对心率 (HR)调整心电图ST段降低方法诊断冠心病的影响进行探讨。方法　选取可疑冠心病患者共 173例 ,测定运动试验过程中心电图ST段变化值及ST/HR斜率和ST/HR指数 ,以冠状动脉 (冠脉 )造影结果作为诊断冠心病的标准。结果　ST/HR斜率和ST/HR指数诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性均明显高于传统ST段指标 (P <0 0 5 )。ST/HR斜率和ST/HR指数诊断冠心病的敏感性男性患者分别提高 2 3%和 16 % ,女性患者分别提高 5 0 %和 4 2 % ,差异均有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ;而ST/HR斜率和ST/HR指数诊断冠心病的特异性 ,男性患者无明显提高 (P >0 0 5 ) ,女性患者分别提高 5 8%和 5 0 % (P <0 0 5 )。结论　ST/HR斜率和ST/HR指数与传统ST段指标相比 ,女性患者诊断冠心病的敏感性和特异性明显提高 ,男性患者敏感性有提高 ,特异性无明显变化     

平板运动试验不同标准诊断冠心病的价值

目的探讨活动平板运动心电图ST段压低、QRS积分和ST／HR指数3种标准诊断冠心病的价值。方法选取可疑冠心病患者共177例,以冠状动脉造影结果为金标准,评价平板运动心电图3种标准诊断冠心病的敏感性和特异性。结果ST段压低、QRS积分和ST／HR指数诊断冠心病的敏感性和特异性均依次增高,ST／HR指数与ST段压低相比敏感性和特异性差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05）,而QRS积分与ST段压低相比仅特异性差异有显著性意义（P〈005）。另外,ST／HR指数随着冠状动脉病变数目的增多而增高,QRS积分随着病变数目的增多而减少。结论①ST／HR指数可提高对冠心病的诊断价值;②当存在干扰性ST段压低时,采用QRS积分是较好的选择;③ST／HR指数、QRS积分可预计冠状动脉病变情况。     

运动心电图试验心率校正的S-T段改变在老年人冠心病临床诊断中的应用

目的　评价运动心电图试验心率校正的ST段改变在老年人冠心病临床诊断中的意义。方法　 61例老年冠心病患者 (冠心病组 )和 47名健康老年人 (对照组 )按Bruce改良方案进行运动平板试验 ,测定受试者心率校正的ST段值 (最大ST/HR斜率 )和ST段压低值。结果　最大ST/HR斜率对冠心病诊断的敏感性 (94% )和特异性 (96% )均优于普通运动心电图试验 (分别为65 % ,76% ) ,两组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;冠心病组的最大ST/HR斜率为 (2 .8± 1.5 ) μV/bpm ,对照组的ST/HR斜率为 (0 .7± 1.1) μV/bpm ,两组比较差异有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;参照冠脉造影的结果 ,其提示 1～ 2支血管病变的敏感性为 80 %、特异性为 85 % ;提示 3支血管病变的敏感性为 88%、特异性为 78%。结论　心率校正的ST段改变对诊断冠心病有重要价值 ,其敏感性、特异性均明显高于普通运动试验 ,可作为评价心肌缺血的参考     

平板运动试验诊断冠心病阳性指标的比较研究

目的：探讨ST、ST／HR及QTd在平板运动试验试验中的变化及对冠心病心肌缺血的诊断价值。方法：56例临床诊断或疑诊为冠心病的病人先后行平板运动试验及冠状动脉造影检查，并进行比较分析。结果：ST、ST／HR、QTd及ST ST／HR QTd诊断冠心病的准确性分别为：52％、64％、66％、84％。结论：运动试验中诊断冠心病心肌缺血的敏感性和准确性最高的指标为ST ST／HR QTd。     

心率调整的ST段降低方法定性和定量检测冠心病的研究

目的探讨心率调整的ST段降低方法定性和定量检测冠心病的价值,并把ST/HR斜率和ST/HR指数两种指标和传统ST段指标进行了系统比较。方法选取2001年1月至2002年3月行平板运动ECG试验并在随后3周内住院行冠状动脉造影的可疑冠心病患者共173例,应用Cornell运动试验方案,分别测定并计算运动试验过程中ST段变化值及ST/HR斜率和ST/HR指数值,以冠状动脉造影结果作为诊断冠心病的标准。结果传统ST段指标、ST/HR斜率和ST/HR指数诊断冠心病的敏感性分别为68%、86%和81%,特异性分别为70%、85%和81%。ST/HR斜率和ST/HR指数诊断冠心病的敏感性、特异性均明显高于传统ST段指标(P<0.05)。传统ST段指标(ST段降低≥0.2mV)、ST/HR斜率和ST/HR指数定量识别冠心病3支血管病变的敏感性分别为30%、81%和64%,特异性分别为70%、65%和69%。ST/HR斜率和ST/HR指数识别冠心病3支血管病变的敏感性显著高于传统ST段指标(P<0.001),特异性无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论心率调整的ST段降低指标、ST/HR斜率和ST/HR指数与传统ST段指标相比能明显提高运动ECG试验定性诊断冠心病的敏感性和特异性。与传统ST段指标相比,ST/HR斜率和ST/HR指数明显提高了运动ECG试验定量识别冠心病3支血管病变的敏感性。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.