家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变相关的孔源性视网膜脱离患者对侧眼临床特征

【目的】研究家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变相关的孔源性视网膜脱离(FEVR相关的RRD)患者的对侧眼的临床特征。【方法】对一组10~30岁发生孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)的患者进行回顾性研究,对其中最终确诊为FEVR相关的RRD的占有比及对侧眼临床特征进行分析。【结果】共纳入2013年10月至2014年7月接诊的RRD患者共109例110眼,其中FEVR相关的RRD占同期同年龄组RRD患者总数的20.18%(22/109),且与年龄密切相关。10~20岁患者中FEVR相关的RRD占总人数的43.24%。FEVR相关RRD患者平均年龄为17(S=5)岁,对侧健眼屈光范围为+4.5D~-8.0D,近视者居多。其中4眼(19.05%)为高度近视,屈光度大于-6 D,12眼(57.14%)为轻中度近视,屈光度位于-0.75 D至-6 D之间。对侧眼Log MAR为-0.1至1.2不等,多数视力正常,仅2例BCVA(Log MAR)大于0.5。后极部眼底表现多为正常,周边部视网膜均见异常,如无血管区、视网膜变直、血管分支增多及血管渗漏,其他还可表现为血管袢、新生血管生成、视网膜嵴样改变、格子样变性、周边部萎缩孔、视网膜浅脱离等。【结论】家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变相关的孔源性视网膜脱离是青少年人群孔源性视网膜脱离的主要原因之一,多为双眼发病,详细检查对侧眼至关重要,应及时处理视网膜裂孔及新生血管等并发症。     

家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变患者TSPAN12基因新突变与表型研究

目的 家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变是一组以视网膜周边血管发育异常为特征的遗传性致盲性眼病,采用二代基因测序技术对8个家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变家系致病基因和临床表型进行研究。方法 选取8个FEVR家系成员行详细的眼科检查,采集先证者及家系成员外周静脉血5 mL,提取DNA,应用包含232个致病基因的遗传性视网膜疾病捕获芯片进行靶向捕获富集高通量测序。测序数据利用在线分析软件对可疑基因变异致病性进行预测,确定致病基因及突变位点,利用Sanger测序对先证者及家系成员进行共分离分析。结果 共收集8个FEVR家系,临床表型为轻至重度,其中4个家系筛查到致病性突变,1个家系发现FZD4基因的已知突变c.757C>T,突变导致第253位的精氨酸变为半胱氨酸;3个家系检测到TSPAN12突变,占75%,其中1个家系检测到TSPAN12基因的一个新的杂合错义突变：c.633T>A,p.Tyr211Ter突变。突变导致第211位的酪氨酸突变而提前终止转录,患者临床表型较轻。结论 此研究鉴定了TSPAN12基因一个新发终止子突变位点p.Tyr211Ter,丰富了TSPAN12基因突变谱,对...     

家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变的荧光素眼底血管造影临床分析

目的探讨家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变(familial exudative vitreoretinopathy,FEVR)的荧光素眼底血管造影(fluorescein fundus angiography,FFA)效果。方法选取2012年1月~2016年12月我院收治的家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变患儿34例68眼为研究组,选取同期健康小儿34例68眼为对照组,两组研究对象均应用荧光素眼底血管造影诊断。结果研究组34例患儿68只眼中,正常眼3只,占4.4%,1期眼4只,占5.9%,2期眼7只,占10.23%,3期眼2只,占2.9%,4期眼8只,占11.8%;5期眼44只,占64.7%。两组在CRA血流参数方面对比,研究组的PSV及EDV低于对照组,同时RI高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组在PCA血流参数方面对比,研究组PSV及EDV低于对照组,同时RI高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组在OA血流参数方面对比,研究组PSV及EDV低于对照组,同时RI高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论荧光素眼底血管造影诊断家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变的效果理想,能够为临床治疗提供参考。     

无视网膜病变的糖尿病患者视网膜神经纤维层及黄斑中心凹厚度的动态变化

目的 通过频域光学相干断层扫描仪检测无视网膜病变的糖尿病(NDR)患者视盘周神经纤维层(RNFL)的平均厚度及黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(RT),观察其在首次测量后3、6、9 个月和1年后的变化.方法 选取2009 年12 月至2010 年10 月就诊的30例散瞳眼底检查未出现视网膜病变的NDR 患者为实验组,进行眼底血管荧光造影排除眼底病变后,应用频域光学相干断层扫描仪测量视盘周平均RNFL 厚度及黄斑中心凹RT.在测量后3、6、9个月及1 年重复进行上述检查.同时选取同时期就诊同年龄段的30名正常人作为对照组,通过线性相关分析及独立样本t 检验分析1 年来NDR 患者对比对照组视盘周平均RNFL厚度及黄斑中心凹RT 的动态变化.结果 NDR患者平均RNFL 厚度随着复诊时间的增加而渐变薄(P＜0.05),黄斑中心凹RT 随着复诊时间的增加而稍变厚,但并无明显相关性(P ＞0.05).对照组患者的平均RNFL厚度及黄斑中心凹RT 厚度与复诊时间无显著相关性(P＞0.05).在5 个时间段的RNFL 厚度的对比分析中,NDR患者的视盘周RNFL 平均厚度都较对照组明显变薄(P＜0.05);前4 个时间段NDR 患者与对照组之间黄斑中心凹RT 均无统计学差异(P＞0.05),随诊1年后出现NDR 患者黄斑中心凹RT 较对照组增厚(P＜0.05).结论 早期NDR 患者在未出现视网膜血管病变之前,即出现RNFL的进行性变薄,随即出现了视网膜黄斑区的轻度水肿、增厚.     

糖尿病性视网膜病变黄斑水肿的临床分析

目的:探讨黄斑水肿与糖尿病分期、糖尿病病程及视力的关系。方法:分析统计151例糖尿病性视网膜病变患者各期糖尿病性视网膜病变中黄斑水肿的发生率及黄斑水肿与病程、视力的关系。结果:病史小于5年患者的黄斑水肿的发生率为8%,6￣10年的发生率为20.1%,11～15年的发生率为28.3%,16￣20年的为38.4%,大于20年的为4%。随着黄斑水肿程度的加重,视力逐渐下降。结论:随着糖尿病的病程延长,黄斑水肿的发生率增加,程度加重。黄斑水肿的发生和严重程度和糖尿病性视网膜病变的程度有一定关系。     

特发性黄斑前膜行玻璃体切割术后黄斑视网膜厚度及视力的变化

目的：应用光学相干断层成像术(OCT)评价特发性黄斑前膜(ERM)行23G玻璃体切割术前和术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)与黄斑视网膜厚度变化的关系。方法：本研究回顾性分析了78例经23G平坦部玻璃体切除术联合内界膜(ILM)及ERM剥离治疗的特发性ERM患者82眼,所有患者均行完整的眼科检查,包括BCVA、裂隙灯检查、眼压、OCT、眼底照相。随访时间为3个月,通过黄斑OCT特征评估BCVA与黄斑视网膜厚度之间的关系。结果：特发性ERM患者行玻璃体切割术前和术后3个月,BCVA由0.26±0.16提高至0.36±0.16 (t=9.843,P<0.000 1),黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度由(506.41±112.67)μm降低至(442.39±82.10)μm (t=5.526,P<0.000 1),黄斑中心凹旁视网膜厚度由(453.66±79.36)μm降低至(409.95±61.63)μm (t=6.164,P<0.000 1),术前黄斑中心凹周围视网膜厚度(365.93±50.84)μm和术后黄斑中心凹周围视网膜厚度(356.76±54.20)μm差异无统计学意义(P...     

血小板平均体积与糖尿病性视网膜病变的相关性研究

目的探讨血小板平均体积（MPV）和视网膜厚度（RT）两项指标在糖尿病性视网膜病变（DR）中的临床意义,并分析MPV与RT在糖尿病各期的相关性,为早期诊断黄斑水肿、判断DR严重程度提供临床诊断依据。方法选取确诊为2型糖尿病（DM）患者80例（159眼）,其中男42例（84眼）,女38例（75眼）,将DM患者分为糖尿病无视网膜病变组（NDR）、非增殖性视网膜病变组（NPDR）和增殖性视网膜病变组（PDR）,检测DR患者不同分期的MPV,观察糖尿病黄斑水肿在光学相干断层扫描（OCT）中的形态,定量测定黄斑区RT,并与30例健康成年人（对照组）比较。结果4组MPV比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;NPDR组和PDR组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;NDR组与NPDR组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;NDR及NPDR组与PDR组比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。黄斑区以中心凹1mm为直径RT对照组为（243.35±11.76）滋m、NDR组（249.95±10.81）滋m、NPDR组（279.50±34.67）滋m、PDR组（305.12±66.01）滋m。4组A1~A9的RT比较,NPDR、PDR组与对照组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,NDR组与NPDR、PDR组及NPDR与PDR组比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。NDR、NPDR和PDR组的MPV与黄斑区中心凹的RT均呈正相关（r=0.54、0.72、0.85,均P=0.00）。对照组的MPV与黄斑区中心凹的RT不相关（r=0.27,P=0.14）。结论MPV增大是DM患者发生DR的危险因素;黄斑区RT与DR严重程度有关,DR程度越重,RT增大的概率就越大,RT大小与是否发生DME相关;DR患者MPV和RT呈正相关,且随着DR分级的加重,相关度越来越高。     

特发性黄斑前膜玻璃体切割手术后视力与黄斑结构的变化

目的:探讨特发性黄斑前膜(idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane,IMEM)玻璃体切割手术后视力与黄斑结构的变化。方法:回顾性分析2014年5月-2016年5月于本院行玻璃体切割手术治疗的IMEM患者40例(40只眼)的临床资料,根据椭圆体区(ellipsoid zone,EZ)的完整性将病例分为完整组(n=26)和不完整组(n=14)。随访12个月,观察EZ结构修复、黄斑中心凹厚度(central fovea thickness,CFT)及最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)情况。分析CFT与BCVA的相关性,比较两组手术前后CFT及BCVA。结果:术后12个月,不完整组中10例EZ结构得到修复,4例EZ结构仍不完整。术后12个月,40例患者术后CFT为(306.30±136.82)μm明显低于术前(471.93±149.01)μm(P<0.05);40例患者中37例(92.5%)术后BCVA提高,术后最小分辨角对数视力(logMAR)为(0.44±0.17)优于术前(0.85±0.36),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),BCVA与CFT无相关性(r=0.594,P=0.445)。术后12个月,两组的CFT比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而完整组的logMAR(0.39±0.14)优于不完整组的(0.53±0.18),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:IMEM玻璃体切割术后CFT降低,视力得到改善,EZ完整性影响视力恢复。     

康柏西普联合玻璃体切割术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效分析

目的：探讨康柏西普联合玻璃体切割术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效。方法：本研究选取了100例增生性糖尿病视网膜病变,年龄27~68岁,对照组（47例）单纯给予玻璃体切割术治疗,康柏西普组（53例）采用玻璃体切除术前3~6天眼内注射康博西普治疗。通过对患者术前术后6个月最佳矫正视力（BCVA）,术前,术后3个月、6个月黄斑中心凹厚度,随访6个月期间并发症情况进行记录,评价康柏西普联合玻璃体切割术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效。结果：术前两组 BCVA 相比,差异没有统计学意义;术后6个月,康博西普组和对照组 BCVA 均明显提高,且康博西普组 BCVA 高于对照组,与术前相比,术后3个月,6个月的黄斑中心凹厚度均明显变薄。随访6个月期间,康博西普组并发症发生率明显低于对照组。结论：康柏西普联合玻璃体切割术治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变可有效改善视力,减轻黄斑水肿症状,术后并发症较少。     

家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变的荧光素眼底血管造影观察

目的观察家族性渗出性玻璃体视网膜病变(familial exudative vitreoretinopathy,FEVR)在荧光素眼底血管造影(fluorescein fundus angiography,FFA)中的特征性表现,并探讨FEVR患者FFA的诊断标准,以提高该类疾病的早期临床诊断率。方法将临床检查确诊为FEVR的患者13例、26只眼纳入研究,经过眼前节及眼底的详细检查,并依据Pendergast制定的FEVR分期标准,对13例26只眼进行FEVR分期,应用海德堡眼底血管造影成像系统进行检查,记录并分析其眼底特征。结果13例26只眼中,1期15只眼,表现为周边视网膜出现无血管区,多位于颞侧,视网膜血管变直、分支增多、异常吻合;2期7只眼,表现为视网膜新生血管形成、荧光素渗漏;3期2只眼,表现为周边视网膜浅脱离,脱离范围较局限;4期2只眼,表现为黄斑区视网膜脱离;5期0只眼。结论FFA是诊断FEVR的特异检查指标,对FEVR的分期起到至关重要的作用,有助于指导临床早期诊断及选择最佳治疗方案。     

Chinese medicine formula HB01 for treating exudative age-related macular degeneration: a 6 consecutive months of clinical observation study

Objective

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine formula HB01 on exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients who received HB01 for 6 months by analyzing relative indexes.

经瞳孔温热疗法治疗渗出型年龄相关性黄斑变性的疗效分析

目的 观察经瞳孔温热疗法(TTT)治疗渗出型年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)的临床疗效.方法 TTT组运用810 nm激光治疗仪,光斑直径1～3 mm,时间每点60 s,能量随病人的屈光间质、光斑大小及出血量的多少进行调整,以照射区域轻度发灰为限.治疗范围则根据脉络膜新生血管的大小,采用1～4个光斑覆盖.药物组给予维生素、微量元素锌、活血化瘀或滋阴明目中药等.结果 TTT组视力提高及稳定不变者共占78.1%,视力下降者21.9%;CNV总有效率84.4%,无效15.6%.药物组视力提高及稳定不变者共占42.4%,视力下降者57.6%;CNV总有效率9.1%,无效90.9%.结论 TTT是治疗渗出型AMD的有效方法,抗氧化剂和活血化淤、滋阴明目中药可以辅助保护黄斑区.     

Evaluation of live attenuated S79 mumps vaccine effectiveness in mumps outbreaks: a matched case-control study

Background Mumps virus infection is a potentially serious viral infection of childhood and early adulthood. In China, live attenuated S79 mumps vaccine has been licensed for pediatric use since 1990. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of live attenuated S79 mumps vaccine against clinical mumps in outbreaks. Methods Cases were selected from mumps outbreaks in schools in Guangzhou between 2004 and 2005. Each case was matched by gender, age and classroom. Vaccination information was obtained from Children＇s EPI Administrative Computerized System. Vaccine effectiveness （VE） was calculated for 1 or 2 doses of S79 vaccine with 95% confidence intervals （CI）. Results One hundred and ninety-four cases and 194 controls were enrolled into the study. VE of the S79 mumps vaccine for 1 dose versus 0 confer protection 80.4% （95% Cl, 60.0%-90.4%） and VEs against mumps in outbreaks for 1 dose of mumps vaccine are similar among those children aged 4-9 years and aged over 10 years old. Conclusion The live attenuated S79 mumps vaccine can be effective in preventing clinical mumps outbreaks.     

Insulin increase in colon cancerogenesis: a case-control study

BACKGROUND: Our aim was to establish whether individuals who develop colon cancer have elevated blood insulin concentrations. METHODS: This was a case-control study in which 56 normoglycemic patients with colon cancer and a corresponding control group were investigated at the Clinical Hospital Split from April 1998 to April 1999. Data on age, weight, height, and sex of examinees were recorded and concentrations of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were measured first in the morning before breakfast and again 90 min after breakfast. RESULTS: In the male group of colon cancer patients, we found statistically significant higher blood insulin concentrations 90 min after breakfast (median 34.7 mIU/L, range 3.3-162.6 mIU/L) in comparison to male control group (median 20.7 mIU/L, range 3.1-122.1 mIU/L) (p=0.044). Concentration of C-peptide in blood 90 min after breakfast (median 3.28 nmol/L, range 0.38-6.1 nmol/L) was higher in the male group of colon cancer patients than in male control group (median 1.68 nmol/L, range 0.26-4.26 nmol/L) (p=0.001). No difference was found in concentrations of insulin, C-peptide, and glucose in blood measured in the morning before breakfast between the male group of colon cancer patients and male control group. Ratio of insulin 90 min after breakfast with respect to insulin in the morning before breakfast was higher in the male group of colon cancer patients (median 4.65, range 0.83-22.1) than in male control group (median 1.78, range 0.38-8.75) (p=0.005). Ratio of C-peptide 90 min after breakfast with respect to fasting C-peptide was higher in the male group of colon cancer patients (median 3.22, range 0.74-11.9) than in male control group (median 1.42, range 0.54-6.0) (p=0.001). Women with colon cancer also had statistically significant higher ratio of insulin and C-peptide with respect to female control group. In the female group of colon cancer patients, median for ratio of C-peptide was 2.42 (range 0.43-8.87), while in female control group it was 1.19 (range 0.62-15.4) (p=0.025). Median for ratio of insulin in the female group of colon cancer patients was 4.23 (range 0.25-8.54), while in female control group it was 1.17 (range 0.29-26.89) (p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: There was a higher increase of insulin 90 min after breakfast in the group of patients with colon cancer than in control group.     

Semi-rigid thoracoscopy for undiagnosed exudative pleural effusions: a comparative study

Background Thoracoscopy is highly sensitive and accurate for detecting pleural effusions. However, most respiratory physicians are not familiar with the use of the more common rigid thoracoscope or the flexible bronchoscope, which is difficult to manipulate within the pleural cavity. The semi-rigid thoracoscope combines the best features of the flexible and rigid instruments. Since the practice with this instrument is limited in China, the diagnostic utility of semi-rigid thoracoscopy （namely medical thoracoscopy） under local anesthesia for undiagnosed exudative pleural effusions was evaluated . Methods In 50 patients with undiagnosed pleural effusions who were studied retrospectively, 23 received routine examinations between July 2004 and June 2005 and the rest 27 patients underwent medical thoracoscopy during July 2005 and June 2006. Routine examinations of the pleural effusions involved biochemistry and cytology, sputum cytology, and thoracentesis. The difference in diagnostic sensitivity, costs related to pleural fluid examination and complications were compared directly between the two groups. Results Medical thoracoscopy revealed tuberculous pleurisy in 6 patients, adenocarcinoma in 7, squamous-cell carcinoma in 2, metastatic carcinoma in 3, mesothelioma in 2, non-Hodgkin＇s lymphoma in 1, and others in 4. Only 2 patients could not get definite diagnoses. Diagnostic efficiency of medical thoracoscopy was 93% （25/27）. Only 21% patients were diagnosed after routine examinations, including parapneumonic effusion in 2 patients, lung cancer in 2 and undetermined metastatic malignancy in 1. Twelve patients with tuberculous pleurisy were suspected by routine examination. Costs related to pleural effusion testing showed no difference between the two groups （P=0.114）. Twenty-three patients in the routine examination group underwent 97 times of thoracentesis. Two pleural infection patients and 2 pneumothorax patients were identified and received antibiotic treatment and drainage. Medical thoracoscopy cou     

Adult pedestrian and cyclist injuries in Lilongwe,Malawi: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundPedestrian and cyclist injuries are a major concern globally, but especially in low-income countries. Locally conducted research is needed to measure the size of the problem and advise policy on road safety interventions. We wanted to investigate the precise circumstances of these injuries in Lilongwe, Malawi and to identify risk factors for severe injuries.MethodsCross-sectional study of all adult pedestrian and cyclist injuries presenting to a large central hospital. This was a sub-study of a larger study with all types of road users included. All patients provided detailed information about the incidents leading to injury and were tested for alcohol.ResultsThere were 222 pedestrians, 183 bicycle riders and 42 bicycle passengers among the 1259 adult road traffic injury victims that were treated at Kamuzu Central Hospital during a 90-day period in 2019. Of these injuries, 60.2% occurred while the victim was walking/cycling along the road and 22.3% when the victim was trying to cross the road. The majority of the victims were men (89.1%). Helmet use for bicyclists was almost non-existent. Only 1 patient had used reflective devices when injured in the dark, despite 44.7% of these injuries occurring in reduced light conditions. There was an increased risk for serious and fatal injuries for pedestrians compared with bicyclists, and also compared with all types of road users. Patients injured in rural areas and those hit by lorries were more severely injured. Consuming alcohol before being injured was associated with more severe injuries in bicyclists. Being injured while crossing the road at painted zebra crossings was associated with an increased risk of serious and potentially fatal injuries.ConclusionThis study identified important risk factors for severe injuries in pedestrians and cyclists. Implications for preventive measures are presented in a Haddon Matrix.