应用脊柱矫正技术治疗慢性下腰痛

目的探讨应用脊柱矫正技术治疗慢性下腰痛的临床疗效,分析治疗原理,以便于临床选择。方法对194例慢性下腰痛患者,这些患者均通过其他方法治疗慢性下腰痛至少2年,疗效不满意或复发;放射学检查提示有骨质增生,椎间盘变性(假性椎体滑移)位于L4～5,L5～S1或以上两个间隙,但无明确的腰椎间盘突出或腰椎管狭窄。其中179例应用美国脊柱矫正治疗,15例腰椎手术植骨融合治疗。治疗方法:单纯腰椎脊柱矫正(61例);腰椎脊柱矫正同时行腰椎牵引治疗(58例);脊椎矫正并予以消炎止痛等治疗(60例)。结果所有患者均予以随访,随访0.5～2.0年,进行疼痛、功能的评估,并将脊柱矫正治疗与腰椎手术植骨融合术疗效及并发症的比较。所有的治疗方法均能减轻疼痛,改善腰椎功能。优117例(61%),良54例(28%),一般22例(11%),差0例。结论美国矫正治疗慢性下腰痛能有效的减轻疼痛,提高功能,是治疗慢性下腰痛的疗效确切的方法,对于严重慢性下腰痛需手术治疗植骨融合治疗。     

甲状旁腺激素对椎间盘退行性变作用机制的研究进展

下腰痛是临床上造成疼痛和残疾的常见原因,不但给患者造成了痛苦,还对社会产生了巨大的经济损失,这种现象在发展中国家尤为突出。流行病学调查显示约有80％的人患有下腰痛[1]。也有研究表明英国一季度对于下腰痛的治疗费用是120亿英镑[2];在美国,每年直接治疗下腰痛费用就有300亿美元,而其造成的社会经济损失更高达1000亿美元[3]。近年来下腰痛发病率呈上升趋势,其中椎间盘退变的患者占下腰痛患者的40％[4-5]     

椎间盘突出临近退变节段是否导致腰痛

背景:椎间盘突出症患者腰痛原因很难判断,一直以来,认为突出的椎间盘是椎间盘突出症患者腰痛及腿痛重要原因,椎间盘突出临近退变节段是否导致腰痛需进一步研究证实.目的:通过椎间盘造影判断突出临近退变节段是否是椎间盘突出症患者腰痛原因,并报告经椎间盘镜摘除椎间盘后残留腰痛在临近退变疼痛椎间盘经亚甲蓝注射治疗的效果.方法:20例同时具有腰痛和腿痛椎间盘突出症患者行椎间盘造影检查,这些患者腰椎MRI表现为有1个突出椎间盘外至少合并1个或1个以上的临近退变的椎间盘,全部患者均经椎间盘镜摘除椎间盘切除突出的椎间盘,5例临近退变椎间盘造影阳性患者在椎间盘镜切除后经椎间盘内注射亚甲蓝治疗.腰痛、腿痛采用目测类比评分评定.结果与结论:20例患者总共64个椎间盘行椎间盘造影,共11个椎间盘造影阳性,其中6个位于椎间盘突出临近退变节段,5个位于引起神经根性痛的椎间盘突出节段.全部病例腿痛行椎间盘镜切除突出椎间盘后明显缓解,腰痛有部分缓解,6例临近椎间盘造影阳性患者经椎间盘镜摘除椎间盘后腰痛明显,影响日常生活,其中5例行临近疼痛椎间盘亚甲蓝注射后腰痛缓解,1例患者拒绝亚甲蓝注射治疗仍有明显腰痛.结果显示椎间盘突出症患者腰痛可能来源于突出临近退变节段.     

椎间盘突出临近退变节段是否导致腰痛

背景：椎间盘突出症患者腰痛原因很难判断,一直以来,认为突出的椎间盘是椎间盘突出症患者腰痛及腿痛重要原因,椎间盘突出临近退变节段是否导致腰痛需进一步研究证实。目的：通过椎间盘造影判断突出临近退变节段是否是椎间盘突出症患者腰痛原因,并报告经椎间盘镜摘除椎间盘后残留腰痛在临近退变疼痛椎间盘经亚甲蓝注射治疗的效果。方法：20例同时具有腰痛和腿痛椎间盘突出症患者行椎间盘造影检查,这些患者腰椎MRI表现为有1个突出椎间盘外至少合并1个或1个以上的临近退变的椎间盘,全部患者均经椎间盘镜摘除椎间盘切除突出的椎间盘,5例临近退变椎间盘造影阳性患者在椎间盘镜切除后经椎间盘内注射亚甲蓝治疗。腰痛、腿痛采用目测类比评分评定。结果与结论：20例患者总共64个椎间盘行椎间盘造影,共11个椎间盘造影阳性,其中6个位于椎间盘突出临近退变节段,5个位于引起神经根性痛的椎间盘突出节段。全部病例腿痛行椎间盘镜切除突出椎间盘后明显缓解,腰痛有部分缓解,6例临近椎间盘造影阳性患者经椎间盘镜摘除椎间盘后腰痛明显,影响日常生活,其中5例行临近疼痛椎间盘亚甲蓝注射后腰痛缓解,1例患者拒绝亚甲蓝注射治疗仍有明显腰痛。结果显示椎间盘突出症患者腰痛可能来源于突出临近退变节段。     

腰椎间盘突出症术后椎间盘炎的治疗

近年来 ,随着腰椎间盘突出症手术例数的增加 ,术后椎间盘炎成为较常见的并发症 ,该症患者腰痛剧烈 ,痛苦极大 ,治疗时间长。治疗的主要目的是尽早解除腰痛 ,最终达到病变椎间隙的骨性愈合 ,而完全消除腰痛。 1984年 8月～ 2 0 0 2年 5月共手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症 113 5例 ,发生术后椎间盘炎 13例 ,占手术例数的 1 15 % ,外院转入 3例 ,共计 16例。保守治疗 10例 ,手术治疗 6例 ,均取得良好结果。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 16例 ,男 11例 ,女 5例 ;年龄 2 6～ 5 3岁 ,平均 3 8岁。均发生于后路腰椎间盘摘除术后 ,最短术后 5ｄ ,最长 2 …     

脉冲射频治疗椎间盘源性下腰痛的近期疗效

目的:观察椎间盘内脉冲射频治疗椎间盘源性下腰痛的近期疗效。方法:对20例椎间盘源性下腰痛患者行间盘内脉冲射频治疗,记录术前、术后1周、1月、3月和6月时患者的疼痛数字评分(numeric rating scales,NRS)和副作用发生情况。结果:术后6个月内患者NRS评分均较术前显著下降,无严重副作用。结论:间盘脉冲射频治疗椎间盘源性下腰痛的近期疗效满意,值得开展深入的前瞻对照研究。     

椎间盘源性腰痛的治疗进展

腰痛影响着人们的工作和学习,该病患者在骨科门诊中占有相当大的比例.在引发腰痛的各种原因中,由于椎间盘本身病变引起的腰痛约占39％.腰椎间盘内部各种病变刺激椎间盘内的疼痛感受器产生的腰痛被定义为椎间盘源性腰痛.对于椎间盘源性腰痛的治疗,各种文献报道结果并不一致.本文结合国内外文献,综述了椎间盘源性腰痛的非手术治疗及手术治疗的优缺点,为医务工作者选择椎间盘源性腰痛的治疗方法提供参考.     

椎间盘源性下腰痛的诊断及治疗进展

近年来,许多学者发现在没有椎间盘突出、没有神经根压迫的情况下,发生于椎间盘内部的病变也能引起腰痛--即椎间盘源性下腰痛[1].椎间盘源性下腰痛(discogenic low back pain)最早由Crock(1970)提出[2],是由椎间盘自身结构病变所引起的腰痛,故又称椎间盘内紊乱.目前该病的发病机理尚未完全搞清,对该病的诊断与治疗也存在许多争议,现对此作一综述.     

康复治疗对椎间盘源性下腰痛患者治疗依存性的影响

目的:探讨康复治疗对椎间盘源性下腰痛患者治疗依从性的影响。方法:将椎间盘源性下腰痛患者110例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,各55例。对照组采用腰椎正骨理筋按摩手法牵引、敦煌消定膏外敷;治疗组在对照组的基础上对患者进行康复治疗。比较2组治疗前后的有效率、依从性。结果:治疗组不仅有效率明显好于对照组,而且患者在久坐时,睡眠方式,自身锻炼,日常生活方式和重视程度方面的依从性明显好于对照组(P0.05)。结论:康复治疗不仅提高椎间盘源性下腰痛患者治疗的有效率,而且提高了患者的依从性,对治疗和预防本病的复发具有重要的意义。     

神经根阻滞注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症引起的下腰痛

目前对腰椎间盘突出与下腰痛的关系尚未有统一的认识。主要的学说有:(1)窦椎神经受压引起腰痛。(2)椎间盘破裂释放强烈的化学物质刺激后纵韧带、硬膜囊周围的神经丛引起腰痛。(3)下腰椎间突出不可能引起下腰痛。通过对518例手术的局麻范围及手术效果回顾性分析,探讨腰椎间盘突出与下腰痛的关系。     

A physical therapy model for the treatment of low back pain.

Low back pain is commonly seen in physical therapy practice, and many methods of treatment are used to reduce it. In this article, we discuss the magnitude of the low back pain problem, outline the various treatment methods, and develop a strategy to classify and standardize the treatment of the patient who has low back pain. We will develop this thought process by discussing five management considerations: (1) the dilemma of diagnosis, (2) the information gained from the assessment, (3) a patient classification system, (4) the objectives of the low back treatment process, and (5) a proposed physical therapy intervention model that matches the objectives of treatment to the classification of the patient.     

Low back pain: pharmacologic management

Adequate treatment of low back pain is essential, but has been challenging for many primary care physicians. Most patients with low back pain can be treated in the primary care environment, provided the physician has enough knowledge of the medications used to treat low back pain. The main treatment goal for acute low back pain is to control the pain and maintain function. For patients with chronic back pain, the goal is continual pain management and prevention of future exacerbations. This article reviews current pharmacological options for the treatment of low back pain, and possible future innovations.     

Epidural steroid injections for low back pain

Epidural steroid injection (ESI) has been used as a treatment for low back pain for over 50 years. In the last 10 to 15 years, there has been a significant increase in the use of ESIs for the treatment of low back pain and radicular pain without clear improvements in outcomes. Recent literature has focused on the use of ESIs as treatment for radicular pain associated with low back pain, with some studies showing benefit over control groups for limb symptoms. There is a lack of literature, however, to support the use of ESIs for the treatment of axial low back pain. The theoretical basis for their use, technical considerations, and the literature available for different approaches of access to the epidural space as pertaining to the treatment for low back pain without radiculopathy are reviewed.     

肝经腰痛的诊治思路及针灸治疗

现代针灸临床治疗腰痛多以足太阳膀胱经、督脉、带脉以及足少阴肾经腧穴为主,认为腰痛与肝经无关,而早在《内经》中就提出腰痛与肝经的联系,且历代针灸文献多有取肝经治疗腰痛记载。"经脉所过,主治所及",李思康主任认为腰脊部疼痛与足厥阴肝经之间密切相关,对于肝经腰痛的治疗,应结合足厥阴肝经经脉循行,选取肝经相关穴位,以舒筋通络,缓解腰部疼痛。李主任强调,无论何种腰痛,临床上需仔细辨证,结合经脉循行及相应穴位,正确的辨经论治必定会取得最佳疗效。文章在既往跟师过程中,通过跟师学习针灸治疗肝经腰痛,观察其临床疗效,总结针灸治疗肝经腰痛的诊治思路及针灸治疗方法。现对李主任临床治疗肝经腰痛的的经验做一学习总结,其临床经验对针灸治疗腰痛有一定的借鉴意义。     

Chiropractic statistical survey of 100 consecutive low back pain patients

One hundred consecutive patients with low back and/or lower extremity pain had the clinical data; including history, diagnosis, treatment and results of conservative manipulative therapy collected and tabulated on an IBM 370/138 computer at Indiana-Purdue University in Fort Wayne, Indiana utilizing the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) based on a standardized examination form. Various congenital, developmental and ergonomic factors in low back pain patients were collected and correlated for combinations of factors leading to back pain. Treatment methods and response to treatment as to time and patient visit numbers were determined. The frequency of congenital anomalies were found and those effecting or not effecting low back pain onset determined. Overall, 50% relief of low back and leg pain was obtained in 15.95 days and 10.8 visits average; maximum relief was found in 41.2 days, or 16.1 treatments.     

A cognitive-behavioural programme for the management of low back pain in primary care: a description and justification of the intervention used in the Back Skills Training Trial (BeST; ISRCTN 54717854)

A multicentre randomised controlled trial has been commissioned to evaluate cognitive-behavioural (CB) approaches in the management of subacute and chronic low back pain in primary care. This paper describes the development of the CB intervention based on best-available evidence. Several methods were used to design the intervention. Risk factors for the development of chronic low back pain were identified from the literature to provide targets for treatment, essential components of a CB intervention were considered using the CB treatment model, and the optimal delivery method was used to balance clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness within primary care.     

关节突关节源性腰痛的中医外治研究现状

关节突关节的退变是影响腰椎稳定性的重要因素,也是引起腰痛的重要原因之一。随着诊疗技术的发展,关节突关节源性腰痛的研究越来越受重视。中医外治关节突关节源性腰痛包括:针灸、温针灸、针刀、手法、中药外敷、放血疗法、中药制剂注射、综合治疗等。临床虽然取得一定疗效,但该病命名混乱,尚未形成统一的诊断、治疗及疗效评估体系,影响了该病的进一步研究。规范该病命名,形成统一的诊断、分型及疗效评估标准,有助于推广安全有效的中医外治技术,从而更有效的诊治关节突关节源性腰痛。     

The role of exercise and alternative treatments for low back pain

The determination of whether a patient should pursue an active or passive treatment program is often made by medical practitioners. Knowledge about all forms of treatment, including complementary and alternative (CAM) treatments, is essential in the treatment of low back pain. Medical practitioner-directed active treatments that have been shown to be effective for the treatment of low back pain include physical therapy-directed exercise programs such as core stabilization and mechanical diagnosis and therapy (MDT). Based on the current literature, it appears that yoga is the most effective nonphysician-directed active treatment approach to nonspecific low back pain when comparing other CAM treatments. Acupuncture is a medical practitioner-directed passive treatment that has been shown to be a good adjunct treatment. More randomized controlled studies are needed to support both CAM treatments and exercise in the treatment of low back pain.     

Nonoperative treatment of low back pain

Low back pain is a common problem with substantial social and economic issues. Physicians continue to have difficulty managing this condition despite an increased awareness of its magnitude. In addition, there is a misperception about the outcome of patients affected with low back pain; most continue to suffer from pain. We present a nonoperative approach and review various diagnostic and treatment strategies with respect to both scientific and clinical merit. Although many treatment strategies have not been well proved in the scientific literature, thoughtful review of the available information provides a basis for the use of these treatment methods in the patient with refractory pain. This approach can be used in conjunction with existing information to assist clinicians in the management of patients with acute low back pain.     

The Intervertebral Disc: A Biologically Active Tissue Challenging Therapy

The primary role of intervertebral disc as the tissue related to low back pain was confirmed 60 years ago when disc prolapses were described. Recent studies are providing more information on what other types of changes in discs can cause low back pain and how pain and clinical findings are related to disc herniations. This differs greatly from what the scientific community has generally accepted in the past and so it is evident that the new knowledge will change both diagnostic and treatment procedures. These new studies give very little, if any, support to the old methods of physical medicine in treating back pain as being anything more than palliative. However, the increased understanding of how cartilaginous tissues maintain, lose, or even improve their loading capacity supports active, dynamic rehabilitation which has led to good clinical results.