颞颌关节造影术进展

颞颌关节造影术1944年由Nφrgaard首先报告,此后20年仅有少数作者从事这方面的研究,原因是关节腔内注射技术和关节造影图象解释上的困难,以及给患者造成不适或疼痛等。近年来由于造影方法的发展,颞颌关节疾病外科手术的开展,颞颌关节造影术的开展也日益增多。尽管CT、MR 比关节造影术操作简单、无损伤性,但关节造影术在估计关节盘的破坏和关节盘后附着动力学方面优于CT 和MR。它可广泛用于观察关节盘移位及利用矫型夹板后的下颌位置。带有录像的装置记录的动态关节造影是估价关节功能紊乱的最好方法。     

探讨MRI对颞下颌关节紊乱病中关节盘穿孔的诊断标准

目的 探讨MRI对颞下颌关节紊乱病中关节盘穿孔的诊断价值及方法,以期提高关节盘穿孔的诊断准确率.方法 回顾性分析100例颞下颌关节紊乱病患者的临床资料和MRI图像.由两位放射科医师按照标准共同判定图像:(1)关节盘连续性中断,伴有或不伴有关节腔上下关节腔相通;(2)关节盘形态尚可,但关节盘信号增高、模糊;(3)关节盘扭...     

颞下颌关节造影后动态X线录象检查在诊断关节盘前移位中的价值

颞下颌关节造影术目前已成为关节盘前移位诊断的重要手段。本文通过对28例关节盘前移位患者的临床资料及在关节造影后进行动态X线录象检查，来探讨这种影像学方法在关节盘前移位诊断中的价值。     

MRI动态扫描技术在颞下颌关节紊乱中的应用价值

目的 探讨颞下颌关节紊乱应用MRI动态扫描技术的临床价值。方法 选取本院收治的46例(62只关节颞下颌关节紊乱患者临床资料,行MRI常规扫描及动态扫描。对比常规扫描与动态扫描诊断符合率。结果 常规扫描与动态扫描诊断符合率依次是100.00%、95.65%(P> 0.05)。关节盘位置正常16例(34.78%)、可复性关节盘前移位15例(32.61%)、不可复性关节盘前移位10例(21.74%)、关节盘内移位3例(6.52%)、关节盘外移位2例(4.35%)。MRI动态图像能够清晰观察到关节盘位置、厚度、形态改变以及关节积液情况。结论 颞下颌关节紊乱患者开展MRI动态扫描技术能够准确提示疾病发展期间关节厚度、形态和位置改变情况,还可同时发现关节盘及髁突相对运动异常,关节盘在开闭口过程中变形情况,更好地观察关节活动度改变。     

MRI在颞下颌关节盘移位诊断中的应用

目的 :探讨MRI在颞下颌关节盘移位诊断中的应用价值。方法 :收集经临床确诊的52例颞下颌关节紊乱病(temporomandibular disorders,TMD)患者,观察颞下颌关节MRI斜矢状位及斜冠状位图像,分析张闭口位关节盘的位置及形态的改变。结果:52例中,关节盘前移位47例(可复性前移位20例,不可复性前移位27例),前内移位5例。结论:MRI可清晰显示颞下颌关节盘形态及盘-突位置关系改变,为临床治疗提供可靠的诊断依据。     

正常青年人颞下颌关节盘位置的MRI斜冠状位研究

目的 分析正常青年人颞下颌关节张、闭口斜冠状位MR图像关节盘与髁突的位置关系.方法 对29例(58个颞下颌关节)正常青年人行MRI张、闭口斜冠状位PDWI扫描,选取闭口位通过髁突前斜面中心、张口位通过关节盘中带中心层面测量关节盘与髁突的位置.结果 58个关节中除去9个可复性关节盘前移位关节及1例有运动伪影影响的2个关节,47个关节斜冠状位观察结果如下:(1)闭口位有30个(63.83%)、张口位有45个(95.74%)关节盘内缘超出髁突内缘,关节盘内缘与髁突内缘间距于张口位大于闭口位(P =0.00);张、闭口位各有3个(6.38%)关节盘外缘超出髁突外缘,关节盘外缘与髁突外缘间距无统计学差异(P =0.70).(2)关节盘内外缘间距于张口位大于闭口位(P =0.00);髁突内外缘间距张闭口位比较无统计学差异(P=0.06).结论 正常青年人存在颞下颌关节盘内缘超出髁突内缘的现象,应避免误诊关节盘内侧移位.     

颞下颌关节内紊乱的影像学检查

颞下颌关节内紊乱(ID)是临床上常见病,引起的原因较多,随着影像诊断技术的发展,对其表现和病因的认识逐步深入.本文对ID的影像学检查包括颞下颌关节(TMJ)解剖及ID概述、X线平片、体层摄影、关节造影、CT、MR等进行综述.     

MRI诊断颞下颌关节损伤的价值

目的:探讨MRI诊断颞下颌关节损伤的应用价值。材料和方法:对30例颞下颌关节损伤患者于外伤后3～20天内行颞下颌关节MRI检查,MRI扫描序列包括闭口斜矢状位T1WI、PDWI、斜冠状位T1WI、T2WI,张口斜矢状位T1WI、PDWI。由两位资深放射科医师分析MRI表现。结果:30例共60个颞下颌关节中发现18个髁状突骨折,9个骨损伤,29个关节盘移位,26个关节囊积液、积血。结论:MRI能很好的显示颞下颌关节的骨折、骨损伤以及关节盘与关节囊损伤情况,是颞下颌关节损伤的重要检查与评价手段,具有很高的临床应用价值。     

MRI在诊断无髁突骨折的间接颞下颌关节损伤中的应用

颞下颌关节（temporo mandibular joint，TMJ）间接损伤是发生TMJ关节功能紊乱的主要原因之一。对于髁突骨折的患者，可通过常规的X线片、CT检查进行诊断。但对于无髁突骨折的间接TMJ损伤的患者，X线片、CT不能显示TMJ的非骨性结构（关节盘、关节囊、关节韧带及软组织）损伤，给TMJ损伤的临床早期诊断治疗造成困难。     

Ⅵ型髁突骨折致颞下颌关节损伤的MRI表现

目的 探讨MRI在Ⅵ型髁突骨折致颞下颌关节损伤中的应用价值. 方法 对18例Ⅵ型髁突骨折患者于伤后3～14 d内行颞下颌关节MRI检查,分析MRI表现. 结果 在18例19侧Ⅵ型髁突骨折中有15侧发生关节盘移位,9侧关节囊撕裂,16侧关节盘后区组织撕裂(双板区),19侧关节腔内关节液改变. 结论 MRI能很好地显示Ⅵ型髁突骨折引起的颞下颌关节损伤情况,是颞下颌关节损伤的重要检查与评价手段,有利于指导临床上对治疗方案的选择.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.