UPLC-MS-MS测定不同厂家银杏叶提取物中4种萜内酯的含量

目的:建立超高效液相色谱串联三重四级杆质谱法(UPLC-MS-MS),同时测定不同厂家银杏叶提取物中4种萜内酯的含量。方法:采用ACQUITYTMUPLC BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm),流动相水-甲醇(70∶30),流速0.4m L·min-1,柱温30℃;Waters XevoTMTQ质谱仪以多反应离子监测(MRM)方式进行负离子检测。结果:所测成分在5.0 min内分离良好,在相应的浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均0.992 3;加样回收率为98.13%~102.08%,RSD均3%。不同厂家生产的银杏叶提取物中总萜内酯的含量具有一定的差异,但均符合2010年版《中国药典》一部的要求。结论:该方法简便、快速、重复性好,专属性强,适用于银叶提取物中萜内酯类成分的快速定量分析。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定银杏叶软胶囊中萜类内酯的含量

目的:测定银杏叶软胶囊中萜类内酯的含量.方法:采用高效液相色谱法蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-ELSD)测定银杏叶软胶囊中萜类内酯的含量.色谱条件为:汉邦Lichrosper C18柱,4.6mm×150mm;正丙醇-四氢呋喃-水(1:15:84)为流动相;蒸发光散射检测器检测参数:漂移管温度115℃;氮气流速3.5L·min-1.结果:该方法简便易行,银杏叶软胶囊中基质对萜类内酯的测定无干扰,线形关系良好;萜类内酯的重现性试验RSD为1.04%;平均加样回收率为97.1%.结论:本方法可作为银杏叶软胶囊中萜类内酯成分质量控制的一种有效方法.     

HPLC同时测定黄芪白术药对提取物毛蕊异黄酮苷、白术内酯Ⅰ、白术内酯Ⅲ含量

目的:建立黄芪白术药对提取物中毛蕊异黄酮苷、白术内酯Ⅰ、白术内酯Ⅲ 3种成分HPLC同步测定新方法.方法:选用Kromasil 100-5C18(4.6 mm×250 mm)色谱柱;以乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱,流速1 mL·min-1;检测波长220 nm.结果:毛蕊异黄酮苷、白术内酯Ⅰ、白术内酯Ⅲ分别在进样量范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,r ＞0.9995,仪器精密度和稳定性RSD均小于2％,3种成分的回收率在97％～103％(n=3).测定了6批白术黄芪药对中的毛蕊异黄酮苷、白术内酯Ⅰ、白术内酯Ⅲ含量.结论:该方法快速、准确、重复性好,可同时定量白术黄芪药对的3种成分.     

产地、树龄、采收期等因素对银杏叶中黄酮和萜内酯含量的影响北大核心CSCD

采用高效液相色谱法测定种植基地银杏叶药材中总黄酮醇苷的含量,样品经甲醇-25%盐酸回流提取,Agilent ZORBAX SB-C色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)分离,以0.4%磷酸水溶液-甲醇(45∶55)为流动相进行等度洗脱,流速1 mL·min^(-1),柱温30℃,检测波长360 nm,进样量10μL。建立了基于超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆/线性离子阱质谱(UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS)测定银杏叶萜类内酯含量的方法,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.2 mL·min^(-1),柱温30℃,样品室温度10℃,进样量10μL。质谱条件采用ESI^(+)多反应监测(MRM)模式扫描。分别采用上述方法测定6个银杏基地99批银杏叶样品总黄酮醇苷、萜类内酯含量,并对其结果进行统计分析,比较不同产地、树龄、采收期、性别、加工方式银杏叶中黄酮、萜内酯含量差异。结果表明99批银杏叶样品总黄酮醇苷质量分数为0.38%~2.08%,4种萜内酯总量为0.03%~0.87%。该实验所建立的方法操作简便、结果可靠,可用于银杏叶的定量分析,研究结果为银杏叶的质量控制提供了依据。     

银杏叶滴丸中萜类内酯测定方法的改进研究

目的 以银杏叶对照提取物为对照建立银杏叶滴丸中萜类内酯的定量测定方法.方法 采用HPLC-ELSD法,色谱柱为Diamonsil C18柱(150 nun×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(30∶70),体积流量0.8 mL/min,ELSD检测器,漂移管温度105℃,氮气体积流量3.0 L/min.结果 银杏内酯A、银杏内酯B、银杏内酯C、白果内酯分别在1 672.2～10 033.2、1 026.4～6 158.4、527.8～3 166.8、2 200.8～13 204.8 ng呈良好的对数线性关系;银杏内酯A、银杏内酯B、银杏内酯C、白果内酯及总萜类内酯的平均回收率分别为100.3％ (RSD 2.5％)、108.1％ (RSD 3.5％)、116.0％ (RSD 4.9％)、90.4％ (RSD0.6％)及99.3％ (RSD 1.1％).结论 本方法简单易行、可控性强、重复性好,可用于银杏叶滴丸中萜类内酯的定量测定,并为中成药中多指标成分同时测定提供了有效的思路和解决方案.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定银杏叶中萜类内酯的含量

目的:建立测定银杏叶中萜类内酯的含量方法。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-ELSD)测定银杏叶中的萜类内酯的含量。色谱条件为:Agilent C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-水(55:45);体积流量:0.8mL/min;进样量5μL;柱温:25℃;漂移管温度:105℃;氮气体积流量:2.5L/min。结果:该法简便易行,线性关系良好,萜类内酯的重复性实验RSD为1.89,平均加样回收率为101.14。结论:本方法可作为银杏叶中萜类内酯成分质量控制的一种有效方法。     

复方杏红颗粒中总黄酮醇苷和萜内酯的含量测定

目的:测定复方杏红颗粒中的总黄酮醇苷和萜内酯的含量.方法:采用HPLC,分别采用色谱柱为Hypersil BDS C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)、symmetryshield C18(3.9mm×150mm,5μm);流动相分别为甲醇-0.4%磷酸溶液(50:50)、正丙醇.四氢呋喃-水(1:15:84);流速为1.0mL·min-1;检测器分别为waters 2996PDA检测器(检测波长360nm)、Alltech ELSD2000ES蒸发光散射检测器.结果:槲皮素、山柰素和异鼠李素等3种黄酮苷元及白果内酯、银杏内酯A、B、C 4种银杏萜内酯成分分离较好,标准曲线线性关系良好.结论:所建方法准确、灵敏、稳定、可靠,可很好地控制产品质量.     

不同树龄银杏叶在不同季节中总银杏酸的动态变化规律

目的:探索栽培种植的不同树龄银杏叶在不同生长季节中总银杏酸的含量变化规律.方法:采用HPLC测定银杏叶中总银杏酸的含量.色谱条件为Alltima C_(18)色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相甲醇-1%冰醋酸水溶液(90:10),流速1.0 mL·min~(-1),检测波长310 nm,柱温35℃,进样量20μL,外标法计算含量.结果:银杏叶中总银杏酸含量范围为0.48%～2.51%.不同采收期银杏叶中总银杏酸含量呈先上升后逐渐下降趋势,5月底6月初含量最高;不同树龄银杏叶中总银杏酸含量树龄大的较低,树龄小的较高.结论:这一变化规律为确定银杏叶的采收期提供了科学依据.     

UPLC快速分析穿心莲药材及制剂中内酯成分

目的:建立UPLC-PDA技术快速测定穿心莲药材及制剂中主要内酯类成分含量的方法.方法:采用超高效液相色谱仪,用Acquity BEH Shield RP C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7 μm);流动相甲醇(A)-水(B),梯度洗脱(0～2 min,40％A;2 ～4 min,40％ ～45％ A;4 ～ 10 min,45％ ～50％ A;10 ～15 min,50％A);流速0.5 mL· min -1,检测波长226 nm,柱温30℃.结果:在15 min内可以完成药材和制剂中穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯的分析,分离度良好,线性范围分别为0.0286 ～0.286 g·L-1(r=0.9996,n=6),0.0940～0.940 g·L-1(r =0.9993,n=6);平均加样回收率分别为97.32％,97.11％.结论:该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高,可用于穿心莲药材及制剂的质量控制.     

银杏叶提取物中银杏萜内酯成分大气压化学电离质谱分析

目的:用高效液相色谱-大气压化学电离-质谱(HPLC-APCl-MS)法对银杏叶提取物中银杏内酯进行分析.方法:液相色谱条件Agilent 3000 Extend-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相甲醇-水30∶70,流速0.8 mL· min-1,检测波长220 nm,柱温35℃;负离子模式检测.结果:解析鉴别了白果内酯和银杏内酯A,B,C,J,其分子离子峰的m/z分别为324.8,407.1,422.9,438.9,422.9.结论:为银杏内酯的检测提供了一种快速有效的质谱方法.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

Ethnobotanical study of plants used in treating hypertension in Edo State of Nigeria

A study was undertaken in 12 local government areas (LGAs) of Edo State located in central southern Nigeria, representing 66.6% coverage, in order to obtain an inventory of the major medicinal plants used in folk medicine to treat arterial hypertension. One hundred and eighty nine respondents who were mainly traditional medical practitioners and were knowledgeable in the medicinal plants for treating hypertension were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire administered by trained interviewers. The inventory of medicinal plants is summarized in a synoptic table, which contains the scientific, vernacular and common names of the plants/frequency of citation, the part of the plant and method of preparation of recipes. The study indicated 70 plants belonging to 67 genera in 43 families are commonly prescribed. Of these plants, 39 species are cultivated, 29 species grow in the wild, while only 2 both grow wild and also cultivated. Ninety three herbal antihypertensive recipes are recognized and are mainly prepared as decoctions, infusions, powders and juice. The leaf (43%) represented the dominant morphological part often included in recipes. Plants frequently included in antihypertensive recipes were Allium species, Persea americana, Acalypha godseffiana, Zingiber officinale, Sida acuta, Hunteria umbellata, Rauwolfia vomitoria, Viscum album and Aframomum melegueta.     

HPLC同时测定不同产地茄根中2种苯丙酰胺类成分的含量

建立同时测定茄根中2种苯丙酰胺类成分N-反式-对香豆酰基去甲辛弗林和N-反式-对香豆酰基酪胺含量的高效液相色谱方法。采用Agilent Eclipse XDB C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm）;以甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min^-1;柱温30 ℃;检测波长300 nm。结果表明,N-反式-对香豆酰基去甲辛弗林和N-反式-对香豆酰基酪胺色谱峰分离良好,分别在2.84~68.16,3.10~74.40 mg·L^-1呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率（n=9）分别为99.30%,102.8%。该方法快速、准确、重复性好,可用于茄根药材的质量控制。     

In vitro antiplasmodial activity of plants used in Benin in traditional medicine to treat malaria

Aim of the study

The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of crude extracts of 12 plant species traditionally used in Benin for the treatment of malaria in order to validate their use.

Materials and methods

For each species, dichloromethane, methanol and total aqueous extracts were tested. The antiplasmodial activity of extracts was evaluated using the measurement of the plasmodial lactate dehydrogenase activity on chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The selectivity of the different extracts was evaluated using the MTT test on J774 macrophage-like murine cells and WI38 human normal fibroblasts.

Results

The best growth inhibition of both strains of Plasmodium falciparum was observed with the dichloromethane extracts of Acanthospermum hispidum DC. (Asteraceae) (IC₅₀ = 7.5 μg/ml on 3D7 and 4.8 μg/ml on W2), Keetia leucantha (K. Krause) Bridson (syn. Plectronia leucantha Krause) (Rubiaceae) leaves and twigs (IC₅₀ = 13.8 and 11.3 μg/ml on 3D7 and IC₅₀ = 26.5 and 15.8 μg/ml on W2, respectively), Carpolobia lutea G.Don. (Polygalaceae) (IC₅₀ = 19.4 μg/ml on 3D7 and 8.1 μg/ml on W2) and Strychnos spinosa Lam. (Loganiaceae) leaves (IC₅₀ = 15.6 μg/ml on 3D7 and 8.9 μg/ml on W2). All these extracts had a low cytotoxicity.

Conclusion

Our study gives some justifications for the traditional uses of some investigated plants.     

马钱子体内外分析研究进展

从药物分析的角度出发,针对近10年来国内外马钱子中士的宁和马钱子碱的主要体内外分析方法作一汇总。全文主要从液相色谱法、气质联用法、液质联用法、荧光光谱法、薄层色谱法、毛细管电泳色谱法等多个方面进行简介。结果作者认为,不同的分析方法都有其优点,其中光谱法、色谱法一直是马钱子体内外分析最强有力的手段。荧光分析法优点是灵敏度高,选择性好;薄层色谱法优点在于简单,经济;高效毛细管电泳法分离模式多,分离效率高,速度快;HPLC十分常用,具有分离效能高、分析速度快等特点;而色谱与质谱的联用是应用于药物分析中最为活跃的技术,它集LC的高分离能力与MS的高灵敏度、高专属性于一体,能够使马钱子样品的分离、定性、定量一次完成。现有研究表明色谱与质谱的联用及毛细管电泳中的各种在线预浓缩技术是目前应用于马钱子体内外分析中最为活跃的技术。     

Antifungal activity of Brazilian medicinal plants involved in popular treatment of mycoses

A survey of medicinal plants used to treat common mycoses was done in the Curituba district, Sergipe State, Brazil. One hundred inhabitants were interviewed by health agents and traditional healers. Four different plants were the most cited (more than 50% of the citations): Ziziphus joazeiro, Caesalpinia pyramidalis, Bumelia sartorum and Hymenea courbaril. The aqueous extracts obtained following traditional methods and using different parts of these plants, were submitted to drop agar diffusion tests for primary antimicrobial screening. Only the water infusion extract of Ziziphus joazeiro and Caesalpinea pyramidalis presented a significant antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum, Candida guilliermondii, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Fonsecaea pedrosoi, when compared to the antifungal agent amphotericin B. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bioactive extracts was evaluated by the microdilution method. Best activity with a MIC of 6.5 microg/ml for both extracts was observed against Trichophyton rubrum and Candida guilliermondii. Ziziphus joazeiro and Caesalpinea pyramidalis extracts presented also low acute toxicity in murine models. The present study validates the folk use of these plant extracts and indicates that they can be effective potential candidates for the development of new strategies to treat fungal infections.