睡眠呼吸暂停综合征合并2型糖尿病患者内皮细胞功能与睡眠呼吸暂停指数的相关性分析

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）合并2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血浆内皮素-1（ET-1）、血清-氧化氮（NO）水平与睡眠呼吸暂停指数的相关性。方法选择OSAHS合并T2DM患者17例为OS。AHS合并T2DM组,OSAHS患者26例为OSAHS组,T2DM患者20例为T2DM组,正常对照组26例,所有受试者均进行整夜7h的多导睡眠呼吸监测,并测量研究对象的身高、体质量,计算体质量指数（BMI）,晨醒10min内取肘静脉血检测血浆ET-1、血清NO。结果OSAHS并发2型糖尿病组与OSAHS组和糖尿病组及正对照组比较,血浆ET-1升高（P〈0．05）,血清NO浓度及NO／ET-1比值降低（P〈0．05）。直线相关分析显示,糖尿病组患者血浆ET-1水平与血糖呈正相关（r=0．731,P〈0．05）,血清NO水平与血糖呈负相关（r=-0．576,P〈0．05）;OSAHS组患者血浆ET-1水平与睡眠呼吸暂停指数（AHI）呈正相关（r=0．812,P〈0．05）,血清NO水平与AHI呈负相关（r=-0．724,P〈0．05）。结论OSAHS并发2型糖尿病患者与OSAHS患者和糖尿病患者比较,血浆ET-1浓度升高,血清NO浓度、NO／ET-1比值降低,说明OSAHS并发2型糖尿病患者血管内皮受损程度更加严重。     

OSAHS并发2型糖尿病患者血浆ET-1和血清NO测定及其与血糖和睡眠呼吸暂停指数的相关性分析

目的：探讨检测阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)并发2型糖尿病患者血清一氧化氮(NO)、血浆内皮素1(ET-1)与管内皮细胞功能失调的相关性,为临床进行血管内皮保护提供理论根据。方法： OSAHS患者42例,2型糖尿病患者38例,OSAHS并发2型糖尿病患者32例,经多导睡眠监测系统(polysomnography,PSG)及空腹血糖检测确诊。所有入选者在睡眠监测结束,晨醒10 min内采取肘静脉血,检测血浆ET-1及血清NO。结果：OSAHS并发2型糖尿病组与OSAHS组和糖尿病组患者比较,血浆ET-1浓度升高(P<0.05),血清NO 浓度及NO/ET-1比值降低(P<0.05)。直线相关分析显示,糖尿病组患者血浆ET-1水平与血糖呈正相关(r=0.729,P<0.05),血清NO水平与血糖呈负相关(r=－0.586,P<0.05);OSAHS组患者血浆ET-1水平与睡眠呼吸暂停指数(AHI)呈正相关(r=0.820,P<0.05),血清NO水平与AHI呈负相关(r=－0.734,P<0.05)。结论：OSAHS并发2型糖尿病患者与OSAHS患者和糖尿病患者比较,血浆ET-1浓度升高,血清NO 浓度、NO/ET-1比值降低,说明OSAHS并发2型糖尿病患者血管内皮受损程度更加严重。     

7原发性开角型青光眼合并2型糖尿病患者血管内皮功能的改变

目的 探讨原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)的变化.方法 测定POAG合并T2DM患者47例(A组),单纯POAG患者53例(B组),正常对照组40例(C组)血浆中的ET-1、NO水平,并检测POAG患者的平均光敏感度,将其与相应的NO、ET-1进行相关性分析.结果 A组、B组与C组比较,NO水平明显降低,ET-1水平明显升高;A组与B组比较,NO水平明显降低,ET-1水平明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).POAG的平均光敏感度与ET-1呈负相关(r=-0.524,P＜0.05),与NO呈正相关(r=0.532,P＜0.05),ET-1与NO呈负相关(r=-0.468,P＜0.05).结论 POAG并发T2DM患者血浆ET-1、NO的变化可能参与了本病的发病过程,可作为判断病情程度及疗效评价的指标.     

2型糖尿病肾病患者血浆NO,ET,TXA2,PGI2的临床分析

目的：探讨氧化亚氮（NO）,内皮素（ET）,血栓素A2（TXA2）,前列腺素I2（PGI2）在糖尿病性肾病（DN）发生发展中的作用。方法：选取2型糖尿病（DM）患者74例（男35例,女39例,其中DN组男19例、女17例）和正常对照组26例（男14例,女12例）,测定血浆NO,ET,TXB2,6-keto-PGF1α水平。结果：2型糖尿病患者血浆NO,6-keto-PGF1α低于对照组（P〈0．05）,血浆ET,TXB2高于对照组（P〈0．05）,2型糖尿病肾病患者血浆NO低于2型糖尿病组（P〈0．05）,血浆ET,UAER高于2型DM组（P〈0．05）。结论：NO与ET,TXA2与PGI2失衡在DN的发生发展中起重要作用。     

内皮素-1和一氧化氮/一氧化氮酶测定在2型糖尿病中的意义

目的 探讨内皮素-1(ET-1)和一氧化氮(NO)/一氧化氮酶(NOS)在2型糖尿病的发生、发展及预后的临床价值.方法 将受试者分为2型糖尿病组和健康对照组检测其血浆ET-1和血清NO/NOS水平.结果 2型糖尿病组血浆ET-1和血清NOS 水平均高于健康对照组(P<0.01);而NO水平低于健康对照组(P<0.01).有并发症组血浆ET-1和血清NOS 水平均高于无并发症组(P<0.01,P<0.05);NO水平低于无并发症组(P<0.01).结论 2型糖尿病的发生、发展及预后可能与血中ET-1、NO/NOS失衡有一定的联系.     

α-硫辛酸治疗2型糖尿病早期肾病的临床研究

目的：观察α-硫辛酸治疗2型糖尿病早期肾病的效果。方法：将47例伴有微量白蛋白尿的2型糖尿病患者随机分为α-硫辛酸治疗组（观察组）24例和常规治疗组（对照组）23例，治疗前后测定尿微量白蛋白排泄率（UAER）、血浆内皮素-1（ET-1）及血清一氧化氮（NO）水平。结果：与治疗前比较，观察组UAER及ET-1均显著降低（P〈0．01），NO明显升高（P〈0．01）。治疗过程中未出现明显不良反应。对照组UAER、ET-1及510与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：α-硫辛酸能减少2型糖尿病肾病（DN）患者尿微量白蛋白的排泄。     

不同时期糖尿病肾病患者血浆ET-1和CGRP含量变化及其临床意义

目的探讨不同时期糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)患者血浆内皮素-1(ET-1)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的水平变化,以阐明其在DN的作用。方法选择2型糖尿病患者160例,按照蛋白尿及肾功能将DN分期:无蛋白尿期40例,微量蛋白尿期40例,临床蛋白尿期40例,肾功能不全期40例。与正常人及糖调节异常期各40例作对比,检测血浆ET-1、CGRP的浓度并进行对比分析。结果 DN不同时期患者、糖尿病前期患者血浆ET-1、CGRP浓度与正常人相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论随着DN的进展,血浆ET-1含量升高,CGRP含量降低,并且与DN病变严重程度相关,血浆ET-1和CGRP含量检测有助于判断病情的程度。     

内皮素、一氧化氮水平与老年糖尿病肾病的关系探讨

目的 :探讨老年糖尿病肾病 (DN)与血清内皮素 (ET)及一氧化氮 (NO)的关系。方法 :选择糖尿病 (DM)患者 5 6例 ,分为DN组及非糖尿病肾病组 (NDN) ,分别测定各组的血清 ET及 NO水平 ,并将 ET及 NO进行相关分析。结果 :DM组血 ET及NO水平明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,ET/ NO无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,DN组与 NDN组比较 ,DN组 ET及 ET/ NO明显高于 NDN组 (P <0 .0 1) ,NO明显低于 NDN组 (P <0 .0 1) ,ET与 NO呈负相关 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :DN组与 NDN组相比 ,血 ET明显升高 ,NO明显降低 ,ET、NO水平与糖尿病肾病的发生发展密切相关。     

2型糖尿病肾病患者血液中SCD40L、内皮素、白介素-6的水平及临床意义

目的:探讨血清可溶性CD40配体(s CD40L)、内皮素(ET-1)、白介素-6(IL-6)与糖尿病肾病的关系。方法:根据尿微量白蛋白与肌酐比值,将92例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者分为正常白蛋白尿组(NA)33例,微量白蛋白尿组(MA)31例和临床蛋白尿组(CP)28例,另选健康体检者27名为对照组(NC),测定SCD40L、IL-6、ET-1水平,并分析SCD40L、ET-1、IL-6与糖尿病肾病(DN)的关系。结果:T2DM患者血s CD40L、ET-1、IL-6水平较NC组升高,且随尿微量白蛋白与肌酐比值升高而升高。SCD40L与ET-1、IL-6、病程、Hb A1c呈正相关,IL-6与ET-1、SCD40L、Hb A1c呈正相关。SCD40L、ET-1、IL-6、病程、Hb Al C为危险因素。结论:s CD40L、ET-1、IL-6在2型糖尿病肾病的发生及发展过程中可能起重要作用。测定DN患者血清中SCD40L、ET-1、IL-6水平有助于预测患者病情进展程度,为早期对糖尿病患者实施干预提供指导。     

α-硫辛酸对2型糖尿病早期肾病保护作用的探讨

目的探讨α-硫辛酸对2型糖尿病肾病（DN）的保护作用.方法 67例2型糖尿病肾病患者随机分为α-硫辛酸观察组（34例）和常规治疗组（33例）.治疗前后测定尿微量白蛋白排泄率（UAER）、血浆内皮素（ET-1）、血清一氧化氮（NO）、空腹血糖（FPG）和血脂水平.结果与治疗前比较,观察组UAER及ET-1均显著降低（P〈0.01）,NO明显升高（P〈0.01）.对照组UAER、ET-1及NO与治疗前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.对照组与观察组治疗前后FPG和血脂均无明显变化.结论α-硫辛酸能减少2型糖尿病肾病患者尿微量白蛋白的排泄,降低ET-1,升高NO水平,对早期肾病具有保护作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.