胸主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakey Ⅲb型夹层动脉瘤的效果

目的:观察胸主动脉腔内修复(EVR)治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的方法和疗效。方法:15例DeBakeyⅢb型胸主动脉夹层患者行腔内隔绝术。术后对所有患者行CT随访,评价其临床改善程度与真假腔的变化。结果:15例患者全麻下均成功进行了覆膜支架胸主动脉腔内隔绝术,术中造影显示夹层动脉瘤裂口完全封闭或内漏明显较少。术后1～22个月随访,术后30d内死亡1例,1例术后出现左下肢体运动障碍,余13例无明显术后并发症。结论:胸主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakey Ⅲb型夹层动脉瘤并发症少,术后恢复较好。     

腔内隔绝术对DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的治疗

目的:总结腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层适应证的选择、临床疗效以及探讨并发症的防治原则。方法:采用TALENT带膜支架施行主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层患者22例(其中1例病因为EhlersDanlos综合征),从发病至手术间隔时间为7h～10年。并发高血压18例,冠心病、心绞痛3例,2型糖尿病1例,脑卒中史2例,并发胸腔积液2例。结果:22例患者共置入23枚覆膜支架。术中无一例死亡。3例术中出现明显内漏,2例予球囊扩张,1例再置入1枚短支架后内漏消失。所有患者主动脉夹层破口均成功隔绝,技术成功率达100%。1例EhlersDanlos综合征患者,在成功隔绝主动脉后出现支架置入所经股动脉、髂外动脉、髂总动脉、腹主动脉广泛血管撕裂,失血性休克,予以抗休克处理及施行急诊人造血管置换术,患者病情好转恢复。术后3～6个月随访,所有患者复查螺旋CT示假腔径缩小并见腔内血栓形成,真腔径增大,无瘤体破裂、内漏及支架移位等并发症发生。结论:腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层具有技术可靠、创伤小、术后恢复快、成功率高等优点,尤其适用不能耐受传统开胸手术的老年高危患者。施行腔内隔绝术治疗EhlersDanlos综合征的血管并发症、手术并发症及疗效有待进一步观察。     

DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术后近端Ⅰ型内漏的影响因素分析

目的 探讨DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层患者行主动脉腔内隔绝术（thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR）后近端Ⅰ型内漏的影响因素.方法 对东莞康华医院2009年6月至2014年7月期间83例行TEVAR术的DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.术中及术后分别采用主动脉数字减影血管造影（DSA）以及螺旋三维计算机断层扫描对内漏进行评估.术后随访时间为2-63个月.结果 83例患者中出现近端Ⅰ型内漏10例,术中出现内漏者6例,迟发性Ⅰ型内漏4例.结论 Ⅰ型内漏是TEVAR术的常见并发症,血管因素、移植物的选择以及术者的经验均可影响内漏的发生.     

DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术病人的护理

目的讨论腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的护理。方法 2002年12月～2005年1月,采用TALENT带膜支架施行主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakeyⅢ型降主动脉夹层病人21例,女2例,男19例, 年龄(56±7)岁。护理积极配合医生治疗,给予足够健康教育、密切注意血压和心率等生命体征。结果 21 例病人共植入22枚覆膜支架。术前血压控制平稳,20例术中无并发症及死亡发生。术后3～6个月螺旋CT 随访,无远期死亡,假腔径缩小并见腔内血栓形成,真腔径增大,无破裂、内漏及支架移位等并发症发生。结论积极认真的护理措施对腔内隔绝术治疗DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层手术成功和病人康复有重要意义。     

用腔内隔绝术治疗B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤46例

目的评价用主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术治疗StanfordB型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的近、中期临床疗效。方法2002年5月至2006年9月,行主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗B型主动脉夹层46例。其中男36例,女10例;年龄62±18岁。46例均经股动脉切开置入覆膜支架封堵胸主动脉破裂口,置入后造影检查证实疗效,术后随访1~52个月,平均17±16个月,分析其临床特点及疗效。结果住院期间及随访30d内无患者死亡;发生主动脉腔内隔绝术后综合征11例;2例患者左锁骨下动脉被封闭;5例发生内漏,术后3个月时其中4例内漏自行封闭。随访3个月时,所有患者内膜破裂口封闭,胸降主动脉和腹主动脉真腔扩大,假腔内血栓形成,支架位置、形态正常。术后半年1例发生截瘫,原因不明。术后1年1例出现迟发性内漏;1例升主动脉发现夹层,未行外科手术。随访期间3例死亡,4年生存率89.3%。结论用主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术治疗B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的近、中期疗效满意。     

国产覆膜支架治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型夹层动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的总结评价国产覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的手术适应证、临床疗效。方法对38例DebaKeyⅢ胸主动脉夹层患者行腔内隔绝术的临床资料进行回顾性分析,术后对所有患者行CT随访,评价其临床改善程度与真假腔的变化。结果37例患者全麻下均成功进行了覆膜支架血管腔内隔绝术,共使用40个血管支架,术中造影显示夹层裂口完全封闭或内漏明显减少。3例术中出现明显的内漏,再置入1枚短支架后内漏消失;1例因置入支架后血压下降,急诊行开胸手术人工血管置换术,15d痊愈出院。其余患者未出现与夹层及手术有关的并发症。术后3～24个月随访,所有患者复查螺旋CT或64排CT,假腔内血栓形成,真腔增大,未发现内漏、瘤体扩大及支架移位。结论应用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤创伤小、安全有效、成功率高、术后恢复较好,尤为适用于老年高危患者及亚急性或慢性期的患者。     

17例DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层的腔内修复治疗

目的:探讨17例DeBakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层腔内修复治疗的经验和临床效果.方法:17例急性胸背痛患者经CT动脉造影(CTA)确诊为DeBakey Ⅲ型主动脉夹层.依据术前CTA影像资料和数字减影血管造影(DSA)结果确认夹层破口位置,选择合适的带膜人工血管支架,在DSA监视下施行带膜人工血管支架移植术.术后1个月和术后6个月～1年行CTA检查,观察手术疗效以及有无内漏、支架移位和塌陷等术后并发症.结果:17手术成功,1 例术后3 d夹层进展为A型,3个月后死亡.无术后截瘫,无内漏、支架移位和塌陷发生.结论:腔内修复术治疗DeBakey Ⅲ型主动脉夹层创伤小,严重并发症少,近期和中期疗效满意.     

食管超声引导覆膜支架介入治疗胸主动脉夹层

目的　评价应用食管超声经股动脉植入覆膜支架治疗DeBakeyⅢb型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的安全性和效果。方法　 8例男性患者均经磁共振血管造影 (MRA)证实为DeBakeyⅢb型主动脉夹层。平均年龄 55 8± 10 2 (2 8～ 71)岁。在食管超声引导和透视监测下 ,经股动脉切开植入覆膜支架封闭近端或近、远端主动脉夹层破口。并评价术后即刻和随访结果。结果　 8例患者共成功植入覆膜支架 11枚 ,支架平均直径为 2 9 4(2 2～ 3 8)mm。术后即刻 3例有极少量内漏 ,2例有微量烟雾状分流。 1例在球囊扩张后升主动脉出现局限夹层。术后平均住院时间为 9d。随访 8例 ,平均随访时间 10 5(6～ 18)个月 ,4例残余分流消失 ,无发生支架移位或新生内漏者。升主动脉局限夹层患者于术后 11个月行MRA复查示病情稳定未再发展。 1例于术后 1年复查MRA仍有极少量内漏 ,后因咯血突发死亡。结论　联合应用食管超声 ,经股动脉植入覆膜支架治疗DeBakeyⅢb型主动脉夹层是一项有前景的方法 ,而且创伤小、安全有效 ,近中期效果满意 ,远期结果需进一步观察     

腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤107例分析

目的 探讨应用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤的方法和效果.方法 对107例(男88例,女19例,年龄28～83岁)主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.术前采用CT血管成像(computerized tomography angiography,CTA)、经胸心脏超声(transthoracic echocardiography,TTE)、磁共振血管成像(magnetic resonance aniography,MRA)等技术对主动脉夹层动脉瘤进行评估.术中穿刺左肱动脉行主动脉造影了解破口的位置及撕裂的范围,在数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)监视下经股动脉将覆膜支架送入胸降主动脉封闭夹层破口.结果 107例成功进行了主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术.术后主动脉造影证实夹层裂口完全封闭或内漏明显减少,无中转开胸手术.术后随访1～48个月,术后1个月3例死亡.104例行CTA复查,术后3个月,所有患者内膜破裂口封闭,胸降主动脉真腔扩大,假腔内血栓形成,支架位置、形态正常.术后6个月,1例再发生升主动脉夹层,置入一枚支架后后假腔消失.术后1年,主动脉均未见病变.结论 覆膜支架腔内隔绝术是治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤的安全、有效的方法,近期疗效好.手术死亡率和并发症发生率低,手术成功率和生存率高.     

腔内隔绝术治疗112例Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者疗效观察

目的评价主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的院内及长期临床疗效。方法选择行主动脉腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者112例。经股动脉切开置入覆膜支架封堵胸主动脉破裂口,置入后冠状动脉造影检查证实疗效,术后随访平均(39±18)个月。分析其临床特点及疗效。结果手术成功112例,共置入覆膜支架119枚。左锁骨下动脉完全被封闭8例,合并严重狭窄病变的冠心病患者完成PCI 16例,主动脉腔内隔绝术后综合征19例,术后1个月内夹层破裂死亡3例。随访3个月,所有患者内膜破裂口封闭,胸降主动脉和腹主动脉真腔扩大,假腔内血栓形成,支架位置、形态正常。术后明显残余内漏10例,3个月自行封闭。术后6个月,再发升主动脉夹层3例,其中行升主动脉外科手术1例,截瘫1例,胃癌多器官转移死亡1例。术后1年迟发性内漏1例。结论腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的院内及长期疗效满意。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.