5-羟色胺对心肌细胞增殖及蛋白激酶C活性的影响

目的：观察5-羟色胺（5-HT）对新生大鼠心肌细胞增殖及蛋白激酶C（PKC）活性的影响，探讨5-HT在心肌肥大发病中的作用。方法：培养乳鼠心肌细胞,应用BCA法测定细胞总蛋白；流式细胞仪测定DNA含量；同位素底物掺入检测PKC活性。结果：5-HT在1 μmol·L^-1、10 μmol·L^-1和100 μmol·L^-1时均显著促进心肌细胞蛋白质和DNA合成，以10 μmol·L^-1剂量时作用最强。5-HT在1 μmol·L^-1和10 mol·L^-1剂量时可加强心肌细胞PKC活性，并促使PKC从胞浆移位到细胞膜，5-HT₂受体拮抗剂mianserin可逆转此作用。结论：5-HT可促进新生大鼠心肌细胞总蛋白和DNA合成，并通过心肌细胞5-HT₂受体激活PKC活性，促使PKC从胞浆移位到细胞膜，提示5-HT可能参与心肌肥大的发生发展过程.     

钙调神经磷酸酶在血管紧张素Ⅱ刺激的大鼠心肌细胞肥大中的作用及其活性调节

目的:观察钙调神经磷酸酶(CaN)在血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)刺激的大鼠心肌细胞肥大中的作用及其活性调节。方法:建立AngⅡ诱导的大鼠心肌细胞肥大模型,观察CaN抑制剂对AngⅡ刺激的心肌细胞 [³H]-亮氨酸掺入的影响,以及各种因素对心肌细胞CaN酶活性的影响。结果:10、 100、 1000 nmol·L^-1的AngⅡ作用12 h分别使心肌细胞的CaN活性增加了13%、 57%(P＜0.05)、 228%(P＜0.01)。AngⅡ(10 nmol·L^-1)刺激心肌细胞2 h内,CaN活性与对照组无明显差异(P＜0.05);AngⅡ刺激心肌细胞12 h以上,CaN活性才明显增高(P＜0.05)。Losartan(50 μmol·L^-1)、H₇(50 μmol·L^-1)及Fura-2/AM(4 μmol·L^-1)可明显抑制AngⅡ刺激的心肌细胞CaN活性;而PD98059(50 μmol·L^-1)对AngⅡ刺激的心肌细胞CaN活性无明显影响。AngⅡ(10^-7mol/L)刺激的大鼠心肌细胞 [³H]-亮氨酸掺入明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),而CaN特异性抑制剂-环孢素A(0.5~5 μg/mL)可以明显抑制AngⅡ刺激的心肌细胞 [³H]-亮氨酸掺入。结论:依赖Ca²⁺/CaM活化的CaN可能在AngⅡ刺激的心肌细胞肥大中起重要作用;CaN的活化可能有赖于胞内Ca²⁺水平的持续升高,另外,CaN的活性还可能受到蛋白激酶C等信号分子的磷酸化调节。     

金属硫蛋白对羟自由基损伤的大鼠肝细胞核核苷三磷酸酶的保护作用

目的:研究金属硫蛋白(MTs)是否对羟自由基(hydroxylradical,·OH^-)损伤的大鼠肝细胞核核苷三磷酸酶(NTPase)具有保护作用。方法:以羟自由基发生系统Fe³⁺/H₂O₂单独或与MTs共同孵育大鼠离体肝细胞核,检测分别用ATP和GTP作底物时大鼠肝细胞核NTPase活性。结果:不同浓度Fe³⁺/H₂O₂(μmol·L^-1/μmol·L^-1:0.1/0.5、0.5/2.5、1/5、5/25)孵育肝细胞核,浓度依赖地增强核NTPase活性,与对照组差异显著(P＜0.01)。用不同浓度的MT(10^-9-10^-4mol·L^-1)与Fe²⁺/H₂O₂(1μmol·L^-1/5μmol·L^-1)共孵育,浓度依赖地拮抗Fe³⁺/H₂O₂诱导的效应(P＜0.01)。用MT单独孵育肝细胞核对NTPase的活性没有影响(P＞0.05)。结论:Fe³⁺/H₂O₂系统产生的·OH对核NTPase活性具有强烈的抑制效应,MT浓度依赖地拮抗·OH导致的NTPase活性降低。     

汉防己碱与1, 6-二磷酸果糖对兴奋性氨基酸所致突触体内游离钙浓度升高的影响

目的:研究汉防己碱(Tet)与1, 6-二磷酸果糖(FDP)对兴奋性氨基酸(EAA)诱导的突触体内游离钙浓度升高的影响。方法:制备大鼠脑突触体, 以荧光法测定突触体内游离钙浓度;加入谷氨酸(Glu, 100μmol·L^-1), 天冬氨酸(Asp, 100μmol·L^-1), N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA, 100μmol·L^-1)及Glu+Asp(50μmol·L^-1+50μmol·L^-1)后, 测定突触体内游离钙浓度的变化;提前给予Tet(10、30、60μmol·L^-1), FDP(15、30、75、150μmol·L^-1), MK-801(10、20μmol·L^-1)及Tet+FDP(10+15, 30+30μmol·L^-1)预孵, 再加入上述浓度的Glu、Asp、NMDA及Glu+Asp, 观察突触体内游离钙浓度的变化。结果:Glu、Asp、NMDA及Glu+Asp均呈剂量依赖性升高突触体内游离钙浓度, 提前给予不同浓度的Tet、FDP、MK-801及Tet+FDP, 均可使突触体内游离钙浓度呈剂量依赖性降低, 且以Tet+FDP的作用最明显。结论:Tet与FPD可显著抑制EAA诱导的突触体内游离钙浓度的升高, 这可能是二者保护缺血脑细胞的作用机制之一。Tet与FDP联合应用可能对缺血脑细胞有更强的保护作用。     

甲基莲心碱对耐长春新碱人胃癌细胞多药耐药性的逆转

目的:研究甲基莲心碱(Nef)逆转耐长春新碱人胃癌细胞多药耐药性(MDR)的作用及机制。方法:采用噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测长春新碱(VCR)的细胞毒性;PI染色流式细胞计数测定VCR诱导细胞凋亡;间接免疫荧光流式细胞术检测细胞P-gp和MRP的表达。结果:Nef(5、10μmol·L^-1)对人胃癌细胞(SGC7901)和耐长春新碱人胃癌细胞(SGC7901/VCR)无显著毒性作用,VCR对敏感株SGC7901的IC₅₀为0.06mg·L^-1,而对MDR细胞株SGC7901/VCR的IC₅₀为2.32mg·L^-1,SGC7901/VCR较SGC7901对VCR耐药39倍,Nef(2.5、5、10μmol·L^-1)能使VCR对SGC7901/VCR细胞的IC₅₀从2.32mg·L^-1依次下降至0.34、0.12、0.05mg·L^-1,逆转倍数分别为6.8、18.1、43.8。Nef(2.5、5、10μmol·L^-1)能降低SGC7901/VCR细胞对VCR的凋亡抗性,其作用强于维拉帕米(VRP)。SGC7901/VCR细胞较SGC7901细胞高表达P-gp、MRP,Nef(10μmol·L^-1)处理24h后,SGC7901/VCR细胞P-gp、MRP的表达明显低下。结论:Nef具有逆转耐长春新碱人胃癌细胞的MDR作用,其作用机理与下调P-pg和MRP表达有关。     

大鼠肺间质巨噬细胞CCK受体的结合特性

目的:观察大鼠肺间质巨噬细胞(PIMs)胆囊收缩素(CCK)受体的表达亚型和结合特性。方法:用酶消化法结合肺泡耗竭灌洗和肺循环灌洗技术分离纯化大鼠PIMs,超速离心法提取细胞膜,与标记的硫酸化CCK-8(-CCK-8S)进行放射配基结合实验,用非标记的CCK-8S、CCK-A受体(CCK-AR)特异性拮抗剂CR1409及CCK-B受体(CCK-BR)特异性拮抗剂CR2945进行竞争抑制实验,观察配体受体结合的特异性及CCK受体表达亚型,观察孵育时间和温度对特异性结合的影响。结果:正常大鼠PIMs未能检出特异性结合,静脉注射脂多糖(LPS)48h出现特异性结合,且对孵育时间与温度有依赖性。经Scatchard分析,平衡解离常数(Kd)值为:(0.68±0.28)nmol·L^-1,最大结合容量(Bmax)值为(32.50±2.70)pmol·g^-1蛋白。通过竞争抑制实验,-CCK-8S与膜的结合可被CCK-8S、CR1409、CR2945所抑制,其IC₅₀值分别为:(3.20±1.13)nmol·L^-1,(0.19±0.06)μmol·L^-1和(2.30±0.80)nmol·L^-1。结论:大鼠PIMs存在CCK-A和CCK-B两种受体亚型,为CCK对生理及病理条件下巨噬细胞发挥效应提供了直接的结构依据。     

Accentuated antagonism by angiotensin II on guinea-pig cardiac L-type Ca-currents enhanced by β-adrenergic stimulation

 To examine mechanism(s) underlying the accentuated antagonism by angiotensin II (A-II) on twitch tension, we recorded L-type Ca²⁺ currents (I _Ca,L) using conventional patch-clamp techniques in single, guinea-pig, ventricular myocytes. I _Ca,L was recorded by a step-pulse protocol after eliminating K⁺ conductances (internal Cs⁺ plus tetraethylammonium chloride and K⁺-free extracellular solution). A-II (100 nM) did not affect basal I _Ca,L, but inhibited I _Ca,L that had been enhanced (approximately 200% of control) by (ISO, isoproterenol 100 nM). The inhibitory action of A-II was concentration dependent (concentration eliciting 50% inhibition 88±9 pM, n=41) and the ISO-enhanced component of I _Ca,L was completely blocked by A-II at concentrations above 10 nM. CV-11974 (500 nM), an A-II type-1 receptor (AT₁) antagonist, prevented the inhibitory action of A-II. Pre-incubation with pertussis toxin (PTX) abolished the inhibitory effect of A-II. A-II also inhibited the I _Ca,L enhanced by histamine (500 nM) and forskolin (1 μM), but failed to affect I _Ca,L enhanced by intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (1 mM). The inhibitory action of A-II may therefore involve AT₁ receptors/PTX-sensitive, guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins (Gi)/adenylate cyclase and partially explains the A-II-dependent accentuated antagonism of inotropy.     

Role of PKC in the effects of α1-adrenergic stimulation on Ca2+ transients, contraction and Ca2+ current in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes

 The effects of α₁-adrenoceptor stimulation on intracellular Ca²⁺ transients, contractility and L-type Ca²⁺ current (I _Ca,L) were studied in single cells isolated from ventricles of guinea-pig hearts. The aim of our study was to elucidate the mechanisms of the positive inotropic effect of α₁-adrenergic stimulation by focussing on the role of protein kinase C (PKC). Phenylephrine, an α₁-adrenergic agonist, at concentrations of 50–100 μM elicited a biphasic inotropic response: a transient negative inotropic response (22.9±6.0% of control) followed by a sustained positive inotropic response (61.0±8.4%, mean±SE, n=12). The Ca²⁺ transient decreased by 10.2±3.9% during the negative inotropic phase, while it increased by 67.7±10% (n=12) during the positive inotropic phase. These effects were inhibited by prazosin (1 μM), a α₁-adrenergic antagonist. Phenylephrine increased the I _Ca,L by 60.8±21% (n=5) during the positive inotropic phase. To determine whether activation of PKC is responsible for the increases in Ca²⁺ transients, contractile amplitude and I _Ca,L during α₁-adrenoceptor stimulation, we tested the effects of 4β-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a PKC activator, and of bisindolylmaleimide I (GF109203X) and staurosporine, both of which are PKC inhibitors. PMA mimicked phenylephrine’s effects on Ca²⁺ transients, contractile amplitude and I _Ca,L. PMA (100 nM) increased the Ca²⁺ transient, contractile amplitude and I _Ca,L by 131±17%, 137±25% (n=8), and 81.1±26% (n=5), respectively. Prior exposure to GF109203X (1 μM) or staurosporine (10 nM) prevented the phenylephrine-induced increases in Ca²⁺ transients, contractile amplitude and I _Ca,L. Our study suggests that during α₁-adrenoceptor stimulation increase in I _Ca,L via PKC causes an increase in Ca²⁺ transients and thereby in the contractile force of the ventricular myocytes. Received: 16 July 1998 / Received after revision and accepted: 20 October 1998     

白三烯D4在促进培养的人气管 平滑肌细胞增殖中的作用

目的和方法:研究白三烯D₄(LTD₄)是否剌激培养的人气管平滑肌细胞(ASMC)增殖。将分离的人ASMC进行传代培养,在培养基中加入各种浓度的LTD₄,计数细胞并测定 [³H]-胸腺嘧啶核苷([³H]-TdR)掺入量和三磷酸肌醇(IP₃)累积量。结果: LTD₄在一定范围内(0.1 nmoL·L^-1~10 nmoL·L^-1)以浓度依赖的方式增加人ASMC(P＜0.01)。LTD₄也增加[³H]-TdR的掺入量和IP₃累积量(P＜0.01)。磷脂酶C抑制剂新霉素(1 μmol·L^-1)阻止IP₃累积量的增加(P＜0.01)。结论:LTD₄剌激培养的人ASMC增殖并且可能在哮喘的气道重塑中起了作用。     

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α在实验性大鼠脂肪肝中的表达

目的:研究过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)表达异常在脂肪肝发生中的作用。方法:采用小剂量CCl₄后肢皮下注射, 并高脂饮食复制大鼠脂肪肝动物模型, 检测肝脏甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和游离脂肪酸(FFA)含量及血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和FFA含量, 并做病理切片, 测定肝脂变面积。提取肝脏总RNA, 运用半定量RT-PCR方法对肝脏PPARαmRNA的表达情况进行分析。结果:脂肪肝模型组大鼠肝脏TG、TC、FFA含量分别为(1.88±0.20)mmol·L^-1、(11.03±1.12)mmol·L^-1和(1260.38±151.27)μmol·L^-1, 正常对照组则为(0.53±0.10)mmol·L^-1、(1.25±0.25)mmol·L^-1和(334.30±27.09)μmol·L^-1(P＜0.01)。血清ALT、TNF-α和FFA含量亦明显高于对照组。肝脏PPARα的灰度比值:脂肪肝模型组0.41±0.28, 正常对照组1.41±0.29(P＜0.01)。结论:肝细胞中毒性脂肪肝时, 肝脏PPARα表达减少, 使肝中脂质的利用和脂肪酸的氧化均发生障碍, 导致肝脂蓄积。     

The late component of L-type calcium current during guinea-pig cardiac action potentials and its contribution to contraction

 L-Type Ca²⁺ current (I _Ca,L) elicited during the action potential (AP) of guinea-pig ventricular myocytes exhibits an early and a late component. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to characterize the process regulating the late I _Ca,L component and to assess its contribution to excitation-contraction coupling. A stepwise decrease in repolarization rate of AP-like voltage-clamp pulses led to an exponential increase in Ca²⁺ charge carried by I _Ca,L. This saturation behaviour was significantly reduced or absent when Ba²⁺ or monovalent cations were used as charge carriers, which suggests that the late component of I _Ca,L is controlled mainly by Ca²⁺-dependent processes. Simultaneously recording I _Ca,L and zero-load shortening or the internal Ca²⁺ concentration (fura-2) revealed that Ca²⁺ carried by the late component of I _Ca,L markedly contributes to the Ca²⁺ content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Reducing the charge transfer by late I _Ca,L during a series of AP-like conditioning clamp pulses by 48% reduced the shortening amplitude during a subsequent test stimulation by 56%. This relationship was absent during long rectangular depolarizing conditioning clamps, during which Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchange increased its influence on SR Ca²⁺ loading. The late component of I _Ca,L developed only a minor direct influence on the simultaneous cell shortening. Thus, the main contribution of the late I _Ca,L component is to supply Ca²⁺ for SR loading. Received: 5 November 1997 / Received after revision: 12 June 1998 / Accepted: 15 June 1998     

Effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on membrane currents in mammalian cardiac myocytes

We examined the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on the membrane currents of single atrial and ventricular cells of guinea pig heart. The tightseal whole-cell voltage-clamp technique was used. In atrial cells, like isoproterenol, CGRP increased the L-type Ca channel current (I _Ca.L) in a concentration-dependent manner. Human CGRP-(8-37), a putative CGRP receptor antagonist, completely abolished the CGRP-induced increase of I _Ca.L. Although the effects of CRGP were similar to those of isoproterenol, propranolol, a -adrenergic receptor antagonist, did not affect the CGRP-induced increase of I _Ca.L. After I _Ca.L had been maximally activated by isoproterenol (2 M) or intracellular cyclic adenosine 5-monophosphate (100 M), CGRP failed to increase I _Ca.L. Acetylcholine antagonized the effects of CGRP on I _Ca.L. Unlike the effects on atrial cells, CGRP had no significant effects on the membrane currents of ventricular myocytes. Thes results indicate that CGRP increases I _Ca.L via adenylate cyclase activation by binding to specific membrane receptors in cardiac atrial myocytes. Furthermore, CGRP receptors are expressed in atrial cells but probably not in ventricular cells.     

Endothelin-1 inhibitsl-type Ca currents enhanced by isoproterenol in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes

To investigate the action of Endothelin-1 (ET-1) on L-type Ca currents (I _Ca,L) in guinea-pig ventricular cells, whole-cell currents were recorded at 36-37° C in enzymatically isolated myocytes. ET-1 ( 10 nM) suppressed the basal I_ca,L to 79 ± 8% of control at 20 nM. Bath application of isoproterenol (ISO; 10 nM) enhanced I_Ca,L to 192±28% with about a – 10-mV shift of its relationship with membrane potential. ET-1 concentration dependently inhibited this ISO-enhanced I_Ca,L with a half-maximally inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 168 pM. The inhibitory actions of ET-1 were antagonised by BQ-123 (300 nM), cyclo(d-Asp-l-Pro-d-Val-l-Leu-d-Trp), a specific ETA receptor antagonist. Histamine-enhancedI _Ca,L was also suppressed by ET-1, butI _Ca,L potentiated by internal adenosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) was unaffected. Preincubation of myocytes with pertussis toxin (PTX, at 5 g/ml for >60 min at 36° C) completely occluded the ET-1 action. Thus, stimulation of ET_A receptors by subnanomolar ET-1 inhibitsI _Ca,L via PTX-sensitive G-proteins.