空间定向障碍事故分析系统研究进展

目的:综述空间定向障碍事故分析系统的研究方法、内容以及研究成果,并指出研究中存在的问题以及未来的研究方向。资料来源与选择 国内外相关领域的学术论著和综述。资料引用 引用文献36篇。资料综合 回顾了空间定向障碍事故分析系统的发展史,分析了3种常见的空间定向障碍事故分析系统的特点及其优缺点。以美国国家航空航天训练和研究中心...     

航天飞行训练模拟器的故障仿真

目的实现空间飞行训练模拟器故障仿真功能,用于航天员故障训练。方法根据飞船故障预案与对策,定义了训练模拟器中故障仿真原则,对飞船的故障模式进行了分类,确定了用于航天员训练的故障类型,建立了故障仿真模型,通过数字仿真方法实现故障仿真。结果按照航天员训练需求,建立了环控生保、GNC、推进、电源、热控、数管、测控通信及结构等飞船分系统故障仿真模型并实现了故障仿真。结论空间飞行训练模拟器中所实现的故障训练仿真功能满足航天员故障训练要求。     

空间定向障碍主题文献分析

目的 分析近年空间定向障碍研究的动向,判明今后的研究重点。方法 从Aerospace database数据库、NTIS数据库和Medline数据库中检索1987～2002年与空间定向障碍相关的文献,进行统计,分析其年度和著者国别分布,并在主题词规范聚类的基础上分类统计分析。结果 共收集到与空间定向障碍研究相关的文献208篇,1989～1994年间数量最多,形成峰值,此后下降。相关的研究集中在美国。我国学者发表的文献量排名第3。高频主题同代表的研究重点在航空医学生理学、心理学;飞行训练与地面模拟训练;飞行姿态与显示装置3方面,占总数的40％。结论 空间定向障碍的研究主要表现为3个方向:持续研究,逐步弄清空间定向障碍的产生机制;通过地面模拟训练和空中体验训练增强飞行员对三维空间高速运动正确认知和正确定向的能力,即增强人的适应能力;研制先进的飞行姿态控制系统和显示装置,帮助飞行员避免或克服空间定向障碍,即用计算机技术、电子技术和先进的控制、显示技术填补人类自身能力缺陷,延伸人的能力。要从根本上解决空间定向障碍问题,有待于开展对其机制的研究,并结合生物医学工程、人机工程学、工效学等研制出先进的飞行姿态控制系统和显示装置,制定出新的飞行人员训练规程。     

日本航空自卫队的空间定向障碍训练——新的地面空间定向训练设备

自日本航空自卫队成立以来，空间定向障碍（SD）仍然是影响飞行安全的一个主要问题。1997年到2007年日本航空自卫队的所有飞行学员都是在GL3000S（Gyolab）上进行定向障碍训练。2007年航空自卫队引进了一个新的以GyrolabGL4000为基础的地面空间定向障碍训练训练仪（SDT），开始在其上进行SD训练。计算机图象技术、运动控制、飞行模拟和程序编辑功能方面都得到改进。模拟的飞机控制中出现的错觉数目由4个增加到13个。本文比较了采用Gyolab和SDT两种设备的训练效果。     

飞行中空间定向障碍研究现状和未来

概述了飞行空间走向障碍发生机制、分类、心理生理训练已取得的成就，论述了未来研究发展战略。指出，飞行空间定向障碍本质上是一种因人体空间定向系统无法满足三维空间运动环境而发生的空间认知错误，应从空间知觉水平上升到空间认知、思维和意识水平来研究其机制；以飞行错觉形态和空间信息传递感觉通道建立的飞行空间走向障碍分类仍有其价值，但应重视从空间认知水平做的分类：Ⅰ型（不可认知）、Ⅱ型（可认知）和Ⅲ型（不可抵御）；心理生理训练已取得效果，但对Ⅰ型空间定向障碍及其事故预防效果甚微。因此，心理生理训练的基本任务应是：养成和提高飞行员的仪表视觉走向能力、识别空间定向障碍的能力、控制自身错误空间知觉和排除其干扰施以正确操纵的能力。应建立完整的地面和空中训练体系。强调空间定向障碍的最终解决要靠飞行器空间定向系统的发展。     

新老飞行员空间定向能力测试

前言 在美国德克萨斯州布鲁克斯空军基地,在高级空间定向障碍模拟器(ASDD)上设计了五种空间定向障碍程序。设计这些程序是用于训练新飞行员,了解他们在飞行中的感觉的局限性。设计一个方法评估ASDD程序及其训练价值。方法 25位经验丰富的飞行员及15位新学员“飞了”五种程序,即阈下值运     

不同环境中空间定向能力的研究与应用

为系统分析和探讨不同环境下空间定向能力的深层机制及应用进展,从空间维度的视角出发,系统介绍了目前在地面环境中对物理层面的二维和三维空间定向的测量研究和应用,以及在特因环境中对心理层面空间定向的研究范式以及空间定向障碍与训练的研究;在此基础上提出解释空间定向能力的参照原则假说、空间表征策略理论和空间相容性理论以及特因环境...     

航天员虚拟训练手部操作力模型建立

目的研究一种航天员虚拟训练仿真中手部操作力生成方法。方法假设影响航天员手部操作力的两个因素是合力、合力与扶栏之间夹角,通过设计模拟失重环境下力测量实验进行验证。结果数据分析检验了假设的正确性,并且建立了基于合力、合力与扶栏之间夹角的手部操作力计算模型。结论将本模型应用于航天员虚拟操作训练仿真系统,增强了系统的沉浸感和交互性。     

第91届美国航空航天医学会学术年会有关文献分析

综述2021年美国航空航天医学会学术年会中空间定向障碍、飞行疲劳、缺氧、抗荷相关文献,掌握国外航空医学发展动态。对航空医学空间定向障碍、飞行疲劳、高空缺氧和抗荷生理4个方面的研究成果进行简要概述,包括空间定向障碍生理训练内容和训练效果、工作负荷对空间定向的影响、疲劳风险管理和疲劳监测、疲劳对飞行员心理健康的影响、飞行任务开始时间与飞行员疲劳状况的关系、缺氧意识培训和缺氧危害、缺氧对认知能力的影响、离心机对抗荷生理训练的影响、重力引起的意识丧失预测公式试验等,为进一步开展航空医学研究提供了新方法和新思路,为飞行安全提供了保障。     

空间站舱内多身体朝向的定向任务绩效差异仿真试验研究

目的探究三维空间中定向任务的特点,探讨在不同身体朝向条件下完成空间站模拟失重视觉环境中定向任务绩效间的差异。方法选取16名男性志愿者参加舱内定向测试任务,对不同身体朝向下的舱内定向任务绩效指标进行差异性检验;同时测量志愿者的空间能力,对空间能力绩效指标与舱内定向任务绩效指标进行相关性分析。结果不同身体朝向下的定向任务完成绩效间具有显著性差异,身体朝向相对于典型朝向偏差越大时完成定向任务的反应时越长;个体空间能力与舱内定向任务绩效之间具有显著的相关性。结论三维空间定向任务中存在"朝向依赖"效应,飞行前进行多朝向的定向训练对航天员在轨高效完成定向任务是必要的;个体空间能力可能在多朝向的舱内定向任务中发挥着重要作用。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.