成人烟雾病脑血流重建手术中不同亚型患者皮层脑电信号特征差异分析

目的 研究不同类型、不同难度的认知任务组合情况下,脑力负荷变化情况的精细表征。方法 设计一种基于逻辑运算、工作记忆和运动执行的脑力负荷诱发范式,利用该范式开展24名男性参试者参与的实验,采集参试者主观量表评分、任务绩效和脑电图（EEG）信号,并计算EEG信号多个频带的功率特征。结果 主观量表和任务绩效分析表明,计算难度、N-back 等级均能诱发出不同等级的脑力负荷;EEG信号分析表明,脑力负荷的增加伴随着前额叶theta 波增强和 alpha 波的减弱;利用支持向量机（SVM）构建脑力负荷分类模型,能实现平均75%单因素三分类正确率和81.7%的脑力负荷三分类正确率;利用逐步回归模型可实现对脑力负荷的预测。结论 EEG信号的频域特征能够反映多因素认知任务的脑力负荷变化情况,可以对认知因素水平和脑力负荷进行分类和连续预测。     

基于EEG的多因素认知任务脑力负荷研究

目的研究不同类型、不同难度的认知任务组合情况下,脑力负荷变化情况的精细表征。方法设计一种基于逻辑运算、工作记忆和运动执行的脑力负荷诱发范式,利用该范式开展24名男性受试者参与的实验,采集受试者主观量表评分、任务绩效和脑电图(EEG)信号,并计算EEG信号多个频带的功率特征。结果主观量表和任务绩效分析表明,计算难度、N-back等级均能诱发出不同等级的脑力负荷;EEG信号分析表明,脑力负荷的增加伴随着前额叶theta波增强和alpha波的减弱;利用支持向量机(SVM)构建脑力负荷分类模型,能实现平均75%单因素三分类正确率和81.7%的脑力负荷三分类正确率;利用逐步回归模型可实现对脑力负荷的预测。结论 EEG信号的频域特征能够反映多因素认知任务的脑力负荷变化情况,可以对认知因素水平和脑力负荷进行分类和连续预测。     

4人180天受控生态生保集成试验乘员听力变化研究

目的观察4名参试乘员在受控生态生保系统(Controlled Ecological Life Support System,CLESS)平台内工作和生活180 d的听觉生理学变化规律。方法通过测量CLESS系统中各个舱段的噪声声压级、分布状况和乘员个人噪声暴露剂量,评估噪声暴露水平。在舱内,利用便携式设备对乘员的听力水平变化进行动态跟踪分析,获得乘员听觉生理的变化规律和趋势,评估180 d持续密闭环境对乘员听力水平的影响。结果 180 d密闭环境条件下采用便携式设备测试听力,满足了长期航天密闭条件下的乘员听力监测需求;CLESS平台工作的噪声水平下,180 d内舱内乘员听力水平基本稳定,试验第5个月开始个别乘员单耳听力有3个以上频率段发生10 d B以上的下降。结论 180 d密闭环境噪声下,个别乘员听力水平在后期有下降趋势。     

自适应多维N-back认知负荷模型下的脑网络研究

目的弥补传统N-back实验只考察单一维度工作记忆内容的不足,设计多样化的脑力负荷任务,从多方位深入研究脑疲劳及认知负荷。方法从位置、颜色、形状3个维度划分3个等级,并根据反应正确率自动调节等级,构成自适应多维N-back认知负荷新范式,研究新范式下受试者的行为绩效、脑电频谱特征及脑网络变化。结果在1-back与2-back任务中,随着认知任务维度升级、脑力负荷增加,脑电alpha/beta功率比下降,PDC脑网络中各脑区之间的信息流增强且不同维度任务的信息流向与当前任务紧密相关。结论自适应多维N-back实验范式比传统单一维度N-back任务能多方位充分调动大脑认知功能、加速消耗脑力资源并影响其行为绩效,有望为更深层次研究脑认知与脑疲劳提供新思路。     

飞行员脑力负荷生理测量方法研究进展

本文对飞行员脑力负荷的主要评估方法进行了简单回顾,重点介绍了生理测量的脑、眼及心电指标。其次,指出了飞行员脑力负荷生理评估的发展方向。最后,对脑力负荷研究目前存在的问题和不足进行了分析。本文可以为飞行员脑力负荷生理评估的研究提供一定的参考。     

瞳孔的变化与脑力负荷关系的试验分析

目的 根据被试者瞳孔在执行不同难度任务过程中的变化,分析不同难度任务引起的脑力负荷的变化.方法 10名被试者执行不同难度等级的视觉搜索任务,通过眼动仪记录被试者的瞳孔面积数据,分析在不同脑力负荷下瞳孔面积的变化,以了解瞳孔大小与脑力负荷之间的相关性.结果 被试者之间的瞳孔面积变化既存在2种相同变化规律,又有3种不同的差异,差异表现在瞳孔增大出现在不同的等级任务下.结论 在相同的工作环境中,瞳孔面积的变化能够评价脑力负荷的不同:随着工作难度水平的增加,瞳孔缩小;而随着紧张程度的增加,瞳孔扩大;当到达一定疲劳程度之后,瞳孔开始缩小.     

基于fNIRS的情绪对工作记忆负荷影响规律研究

目的研究情绪刺激和任务负荷共同影响下的大脑皮层血氧特性响应规律。方法 20名年轻男性分别进行了负性、中性与积极3种情绪图片刺激下1~3-back认知记忆负荷任务实验,采用功能近红外谱(functional near-infrared spectroscopy,fNIRS)监测参试者脑前额叶皮层(prefrontal cortex,PFC)功能区和左右运动区的含氧血红蛋白(Hb O_2)与脱氧血红蛋白(Hbr)信号均值、斜率及近似熵(approximate entropy,ApEn)3种生理特征指标来描述其脑功能活动。结果随着任务负荷增加,均值表征的脑功能活动强度增强,PFC区域血氧供应和脑功能活动强度变化率降低且趋于稳定。近似熵用于表征的脑功能活动复杂度指标,随着任务负荷增加,中性情绪状态下复杂度降低,而在负性和积极情绪状态下复杂度上升。结论背外侧PFC区域为任务负荷敏感区域脑区;运动区域脑功能活动会受情绪状态影响。近似熵能有效地表征脑区fNIRS信号的复杂度变化,并适合描述情绪状态下大脑皮层功能活动多样性。     

5种量表在测量飞行活动主观脑力负荷中的适用性比较

目的比较5种量表在飞行活动中的脑力负荷测量适用性,筛选最适用于测量飞行活动主观脑力负荷的量表。方法27名飞行员受试者每人完成1次起落航线飞行训练,训练后根据飞行过程起飞阶段、平飞巡航阶段以及降落阶段的实际体会,分别填写NASA任务负荷指数(NASA-TLX)量表、主观负荷评价技术(SWAT)量表、修正的库柏-哈柏(MCH)量表、工作负荷描述(WP)量表和多资源问卷(MRQ)。比较并分析5种量表在测量不同飞行阶段主观脑力负荷的敏感性、诊断性和可接受性。结果敏感性方面,NASA-TLX量表最高,WP量表次之,MRQ量表最低;诊断性方面,NASA-TLX量表在脑力负荷分类诊断中具有优势,而WP量表在信息加工过程不同脑力资源的使用情况诊断中具有优势;可接受性方面,MRQ量表可接受性差,表现为量表填写时间长和理解难度大。结论 NASA-TLX量表具有很好的敏感性和诊断性,可作为飞行活动脑力负荷主观测量的首选。WP量表能从信息加工过程中不同脑力资源的使用情况进行诊断,可与NASA-TLX量表相结合测量飞行活动的脑力负荷。     

飞机座舱视觉显示界面脑力负荷综合评价方法

目的 综合脑力负荷的3种评价方法,即主任务测量法、生理测量法和主观评价法,建立飞机座舱视觉显示界面脑力负荷的评价系统.方法 确定每种评价方法的评价指标,通过实验和主观调查得出每个指标的大小,进行加权平均计算,得到每种评价方法的一个量化评价值,最后将3种方法得到的评价值加权计算,得出脑力负荷评价值.结果 在M中不同的飞行座舱视觉显示界面的设计中,根据综合评价得到的结果,结果越小的设计则脑力负荷越小,优先选择作为最终的飞机座舱视觉显示界面的设计方案.结论 这套评价系统综合目前主要的脑力负荷评价方法,利用各自的优点,并且能够把结果量化,可以在飞机座舱视觉显示界面的设计阶段进行脑力负荷的预测评价,确定最佳方案.     

通用航空飞行员在各飞行阶段工作负荷的主客观生理学监测

前言 在所选的飞行阶段和有特定的工作负荷任务阶段,收集了飞行员正在飞行环境中操纵时的主观NASA TLX工作负荷、分级和生理参数(心率、眨眼率和脑电)。受试者是具有飞高性能单引擎飞机、有仪     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）