频域相对信噪比对正常、病态嗓音声学的分析

通过对36例正常人和30例病态嗓音者的频域相对信噪比进行分析，结果表明：正常女性嗓音的频域相对信噪比呈稳定分布，而病态嗓音的相对信噪比＞1700Hz频段，与正常人比较，有显著差异（P＜0．01）。可以认为频域相对信噪比是区分病态嗓音和正常嗓音的有效参数。     

嗓音客观评价的探讨

通过对36名正常组和30名中、轻度病态嗓音组成年女性的频域相对信噪比进行分析,结果表明:正常嗓音的频域相对信噪比呈一个稳定的分布,而病态嗓音的相对信噪比在大于1700Hz频段与正常对照组有显著性差异(P<0.01).在此基础上,引入模糊数学的隶属函数(μ)来描述颇域相对信噪比的分布,此函数能够准确直观的定量表示噪声分布情况,可以认为(μ)函数可作为客观定量评价嗓音素质的有效参数.     

嗓音频率微扰的检测及临床意义

报告对60例20－40岁正常人嗓音和45例患者的病态嗓音进行了频率微扰检测。结果：正常人嗓音频率微扰Jitter值，男性均值为0．036ms，女性为0．027ms；JR值，男性均值为94％，女性为98％。Jitter值和JR值性别间无显著性差异。正常嗓音频率微扰的特点是：周期间频率相同者较多，不同者甚少，频率微扰值较小。病态嗓音的Jitter值和JR值，慢性喉炎与正常嗓音无显著性差异，声带癌、喉癌术后明显高于正常嗓音（P＜0．01）。提示频率微扰可作为喉病声学常规检测中的一项定量客观指标。     

嗓音频谱分析中／a／,／i／音采样的比较

应用486微型计算机和北京邮电大学通用信号谱分析系统分别对30例青年女性喉病患者和36例健康对照组的/a/、/i/音嗓音信号进行频谱分析,比较其相对信噪比,结论是在频谱分析中用/a/音采样较/i/音更易检出病态嗓音.     

病理嗓音的定量分析

目的通过病理嗓音与正常嗓音定量比较分析,探讨各种病理嗓音的特征.方法采用电脑多媒体技术,使用Dr.Speech软件,采样分析105例声带息肉、小结、慢性喉炎、喉癌、声带麻痹男女患者的嗓音资料.结果病理嗓音与正常人比较基频微扰、振幅微扰、谐噪比、信噪比、声门噪声等主要参数及基频方差差异有显著性,其余指标各有不同.结论嗓音分析是客观评估,其中NNE值对喉部疾患音质评估有较高价值.     

基于小波变换的相对信噪比在喉疾病检测中的意义

目的：通过研究早期病理噪音的相对信噪比变化，寻找检测早期喉疾病的方法。方法：应用小波变换对早期病理噪音信号进行多重分解，提取和放大频谱的高端噪声。结果：病态噪音和正常噪音的频谱高端相对信噪比存在显著差异。结论：基于小波变换的相对信噪比较易检测出高频段噪音异常。     

青年人正常及病理嗓音结果的对比性研究

目的本文收集青年人正常及病理的嗓音资料,对其参数进行统计分析,掌握正常人的嗓音参数的正常值,并对病理嗓音结果进行对比性分析。方法用Dr.Speech嗓音及语言分析、训练系统软件,采集148例正常人及437例病人嗓音资料,对取得的数据进行对比分析。结果正常人频率微扰0.18±0.07%、振幅微扰1.60±0.74%、谐噪比25.34±3.12dB、信噪比25.39±3.09dB、声门噪声能量-16.95±3.57dB。男性基频平均值160.81±24.27Hz、女性基频平均值297.42±35.89Hz、基频总平均值206.35±70.77Hz。病理嗓音患者上述结果有不同程度的改变。结论病理嗓音的结果示声带小结、声带息肉、声音嘶哑及单侧声带麻痹患者嗓音主要参数均有异常改变并以基频微扰、声门噪声能量最为敏感;男性声带麻痹(单侧、双侧)及男腔女调患者平均基频、最大基频、最小基频、习惯基频、基频方差均有明显提高。这些数据的取得,对我们评价正常及病理嗓音结果有一定的参考价值。     

声门图及其临床研究

用喉图仪对正常嗓音男、女各15人作声门图描记,测定其关闭限定,开放限定及关闭/开放相比率,作为衡量病态嗓音声门图改变的标准,对233不同疾病的病态嗓音的声门图进行分析,可以了解病态嗓音的病变部位及程度,对临床治疗及预后估价有指导意义。     

男性发音音调异常的手术矫治(附4例报告)

男性嗓音音调异常，习称“男声女调”，是变声期后出现的嗓音障碍，影响工作，羞于社交。对此类患者过去多采用喉局部推拿及发育训练等保守方法治疗，但疗效不理想。我们于1991年～1992年先后采用甲状软骨形成术＊型和改良工型对《例患者施行手术，经手术前后录音对照观察，均变成男性嗓音。现报告如下。资料与方法一、临床资料本组4例，年龄18～22岁，发音时音调尖、细、高。其中1例音调不稳。检查声带均为淡红色或瓷白色，运动正常。3例双侧声带张力相等，1例张力不等，经纤维支气管镜检查与正常人相比较’，4例声带前后径相对较长百左右…     

嗓音年龄变化特点及其解剖生理机制的探讨

人类嗓音与先天因素有关，受机体结构功能状况和环境因素影响，各不同个体声带生理结构、内分泌激素水平及全身各系统功能结构等方面的差别，导致不同性别年龄正常人的嗓音各有特点，青春期前，声带及发声系统其它器官结构尚未发育成熟，嗓音基频较高，稳定性差，微扰较大，共振峰频率较高；青餍期发声系统及全身各系统迅速发育，嗓音变化较大并逐渐出现性别差异；青年、中年男女性嗓音差别较大，基频、微扰、噪声、声时等参数均有显著差异；老年后，由于机体各方面结构老化，功能衰退，嗓音亦出现“老化”。了解不同性别、年龄正常人的嗓音特点，对于正常嗓音的识别和嗓音疾病的诊治具有重要意义。     

Objective voice analysis after autologous fat injection for unilateral vocal fold paralysis

This study was designed to objectively compare a patient's voice after onset of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) to his or her own normal voice, and to compare the results after treatment by intrafold injection of autologous fat. Acoustic recordings were obtained for 2 male patients before thoracic surgery and after the onset of iatrogenic left UVFP. Vocal fold augmentation was performed 10 days after UVFP. The acoustic recordings were repeated within 3 days and at 1 month. The phonation quotient, pitch perturbation quotient, amplitude perturbation quotient, harmonics-to-noise ratio, cepstral peak prominence, and long-term average spectrum were analyzed. All parameters improved after treatment, with a return to preparalytic values for most. During the first month, some deterioration was noted. This is the first study comparing a subject's own normal voice to his or her voice after vocal fold augmentation. We recommend overinjection of fat if vocal fold atrophy is expected.     

Acoustic analysis of voice in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a longitudinal case study

Acoustic measures of phonatory instability (coefficient of variation for amplitude, coefficient of variation for frequency, shimmer, jitter, and harmonics-to-noise ratio), phonatory limits (maximum fundamental frequency range and maximum duration of vowel phonation), and the nasal-oral amplitude ratio were measured five times throughout a 6-month period from the phonation of a 69-year-old male patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), an age- and sex-matched control subject, and on one occasion from a 16-subject control group matched to the patient in age and sex. The patient was free of vocal symptoms at the initiation of the study. When compared to the other recording sessions, the final recording of the ALS patient was characterized by increased coefficient of variation for amplitude, increased coefficient of variation for frequency, increased shimmer, increased jitter, reduced harmonics-to-noise ratio, and reduced maximum vowel duration. These acoustic manifestations of increased phonatory instability and reduced phonatory limits over time were in contrast to the consistency observed in the phonation of the longitudinal control subject and were outside the range of plus or minus one standard deviation on most acoustic variables when compared to the control group. These findings support the potential use of acoustic analysis in reflecting progression of ALS and suggest the need for further studies to investigate the relationship between acoustic analysis of voice and manifestations of neurological disease.     

Acoustic and airflow spectral analysis of voice tremor.

Acoustic spectral analysis has been used to describe voice tremor with some success, but no feature distinguishing pathological from normal tremor has been clearly identified. To assist in monitoring voice tremor associated with neurological diseases, objective and quantifiable measures that can distinguish between normal and pathological tremor are desired. This study explored the plausibility of using airflow and acoustic signals to quantify the frequency and amplitude of voice tremor and potentially to distinguish pathological from normal tremor. Subjects were 10 individuals with pathological tremor, most of them individuals with Parkinson's disease, and 10 gender and age-matched individuals with no voice disorder. Simultaneous acoustic and airflow signals were recorded during sustained vowel phonation. The acoustic intensity contours and the airflow signals were submitted to spectral analysis. A peak prominence ratio, defined as the ratio of the spectral peak energy to the overall signal energy, was calculated for each spectral peak below 30 Hz. For each subject, the 6 spectral peaks with the highest peak prominence ratios were selected. Frequency values of the 6 selected acoustic or airflow spectral peaks failed to distinguish tremor group from control group. Peak prominence ratios of the 6 selected acoustic spectral peaks were significantly higher for tremor group than for control group. Although spectral analysis of airflow signals was not useful in differentiating tremor group from control group, acoustic intensity contours and airflow time waveforms were highly and positively correlated in more tremor subjects (90%) than control subjects (40%). This finding suggests that the relationship between acoustic intensity contours and airflow time waveforms may reflect the presence and the source of voice tremor.     

嗓音障碍主观听感知评估中标准化朗读文本的设计

目的 设计涵盖汉语普通话发音所有音素的短文,用于嗓音障碍主观听感知的评估.方法 设计原则为涵盖汉语拼音的21个声母和39个韵母的短文,包含汉语普通话发音的所有音素;其次短文要有一定的中心意思.结果 设计的短文<父母心>共155字,涵盖了21个声母和38个韵母.由于韵母(e)不常用,而对应的读音仅有1个字"欸",故未包括.另外,短文中包括了17个轻声和1个儿化音.短文中声母、韵母和声调的出现频率(构成比)大体符合汉语的出现规律.采用样本与总体相似性检验的方法,将短文与中国科学院声学研究所统计汉语中声母、韵母和声调的构成比进行相似性比较,声母、韵母的r值分别为0.742、0.844,P值均小于0.001,有高度相似性;声调的r值为0.731,P＞0.05,与汉语的相似程度无统计学意义.结论 设计的短文涵盖了汉语普通话发音的所有音素,声母、韵母的出现规律基本符合汉语的出现规律,其在嗓音障碍主观听感知评估的应用价值有待进一步研究.     

Quantitative evaluation of the voice range profile in patients with voice disorder

In 1953, Calvet first displayed the fundamental frequency (pitch) and sound pressure level (intensity) of a voice on a two-dimensional plane and created a voice range profile. This profile has been used to evaluate clinically various vocal disorders, although such evaluations to date have been subjective without quantitative assessment. In the present study, a quantitative system was developed to evaluate the voice range profile utilizing a personal computer. The area of the voice range profile was defined as the voice volume. This volume was analyzed in 137 males and 175 females who were treated for various dysphonias at Kyushu University between 1984 and 1990. Ten normal subjects served as controls. The voice volume in cases with voice disorders significantly decreased irrespective of the disease and sex. Furthermore, cases having better improvement after treatment showed a tendency for the voice volume to increase. These findings illustrated the voice volume as a useful clinical test for evaluating voice control in cases with vocal disorders.     

Analysis of voice changes after thyroidectomy using the thyroidectomy-related voice and symptom questionnaire

ObjectiveAfter thyroidectomy, many patients suffer from voice problems and vague neck discomfort. The Thyroidectomy-related Voice and Symptom Questionnaire (TVSQ) is a self-administered questionnaire used to evaluate pre- and post-operative vocal status as well as throat and neck discomfort. We investigated voice conditions in thyroidectomy patients using the TVSQ as well as correlations between TVSQ responses and objective voice parameters. Also, we examined whether any clinicopathologic or surgical factors affect phonetic change after thyroidectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of 242 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy to treat papillary carcinoma between January to December of 2019. Of these, we enrolled 232 who exhibited normal vocal cord mobility after surgery. TVSQ responses and acoustic voice analysis results were examined preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. We subclassified patients into favorable and unfavorable TVSQ groups based on the increase in TVSQ score (△TVSQ ≥20) at 1 month postoperatively. We then investigated the difference of acoustic characteristics between two groups and analyzed the correlations between acoustic parameters and various clinical and surgical factors including pathologic results and lymph node status by subgroup.ResultAll acoustic voice parameters except for the noise-to-harmonics ratio were significantly worse at 1 month postoperatively and recovered over time, but the TVSQ score did not recover from the 1-month value until 6 months postoperatively. In the subgroups, among the many clinicopathologic factors examined, advanced N stage (p = 0.002) and high positive total and central-and-lateral-neck lymph node ratios were significantly associated with an increased risk of an unfavorable TVSQ (p = 0.049, 0.027, <0.01, respectively).Among the acoustic parameters, only the changes in TVSQ total score and voice score were correlated with deterioration in jitter and shimmer at 1 month postoperatively. However, the correlations was not statistically significant and had disappeared at 6 months postoperatively.ConclusionWe figured out that TVSQ was able to capture the negative effects of lymph node status and lymph node dissection on vocal outcomes after thyroidectomy. Although there was a weak correlation between worsened perturbation value and TVSQ changes, no other acoustic analysis parameters were statistically significant correlated with the TVSQ score.     

Quantitative evaluation of the voice range profile in patients with voice disorder

In 1953, Calvet first displayed the fundamental frequency (pitch) and sound pressure level (intensity) of a voice on a two-dimensional plane and created a voice range profile. This profile has been used to evaluate clinically various vocal disorders, although such evaluations to date have been subjective without quantitative assessment. In the present study, a quantitative system was developed to evaluate the voice range profile utilizing a personal computer. The area of the voice range profile was defined as the voice volume. This volume was analyzed in 137 males and 175 females who were treated for various dysphonias at Kyushu University between 1984 and 1990. Ten normal subjects served as controls. The voice volume in cases with voice disorders significantly decreased irrespective of the disease and sex. Furthermore, cases having better improvement after treatment showed a tendency for the voice volume to increase. These findings illustrated the voice volume as a useful clinical test for evaluating voice control in cases with vocal disorders.     

The speed of response to synthesized voice messages

The experiment evaluates the effectiveness of synthesized cockpit voice warning messages using measures of reaction time (RT). Research has shown that voice messages are comparable to audio warnings and that synthesized voice messages are easily recognizable at low signal to noise ratios. This study evaluates synthesized voice messages are easily recognizable at low signal to noise ratios. This study evaluates synthesized voice messages by observing their performance in combination with auditory and visual indicators. Four different warning arrangements were used of which three had a Votrax voice component. The four warning systems represented future possible warning combinations for transport aircraft. Subjects had to deal with simulated emergencies whilst performing a psychomotor tracking task and monitoring ATC messages. Thirty commercial pilots took part in the study. Overall the four warning systems were equally effective in terms of RT. However, voice messages had significantly slower RTs than audio warnings. Voice messages and illuminated legends caused significantly less disruption of ATC monitoring than audio warnings. Pilots also consistently cross-checked voice and audio inputs with visual indicators. It is suggested that the proliferation of cockpit voice inputs should be avoided until human factor evaluations of simpler but equally effective warning systems have been completed.