后路椎板切除入路手术治疗椎管内神经鞘瘤的疗效

目的:探讨后路椎板切除入路手术治疗椎管内神经鞘瘤的临床疗效。方法:我院2005年1月~2011年1月收治71例椎管内神经鞘瘤,男39例,女32例,年龄25~99岁,平均51.6岁;颈段22例,胸段24例,腰、骶段25例,3例肿瘤位于髓内,66例位于髓外硬膜下,2例位于硬膜外。均行后路椎板切除入路手术治疗,术中57例采用半椎板切除,6例行全椎板切除,2例行多节段半椎板切除,6例行半椎板联合患侧关节突关节切除以完全暴露肿瘤组织,切除肿瘤;其中载瘤神经根与肿瘤无法分离而一并切除者9例;14例行全椎板切除或多节段半椎板切除或半椎板联合患侧关节突切除者采用脊柱内固定及植骨融合术。术后随访8~70个月,观察临床疗效,复查X线片观察脊柱稳定性及植骨融合情况,复查MRI观察肿瘤有无复发。结果:手术时间2~6h,平均3.5h;术中出血量300~800ml,平均450ml。71例患者肿瘤均获完全切除,术后均经病理检查证实为神经鞘瘤。术中无脊髓神经损伤。术后12例患者出现不同程度脑脊液漏,4例患者出现脊髓缺血再灌注损伤,给予对症治疗后康复。随访期内(8~70个月)全部患者临床症状及神经功能均有明显改善,复查MRI未见肿瘤残留或复发。14例采用脊柱内固定及植骨融合术患者植骨融合,内固定稳定。随访期间所有患者未见椎体滑脱、失稳现象。结论:后路椎板切除入路能充分暴露肿瘤,有利于完全切除肿瘤,采用此入路手术治疗椎管内神经鞘瘤临床疗效满意。     

单侧半椎板入路切除神经鞘瘤17例

目的探讨单侧半椎板入路切除椎管内神经鞘瘤中的方法及效果。方法回顾性分析采用单侧半椎板入路切除椎管内神经鞘瘤17例的临床资料。结果 17例患者均行肿瘤全切,术后随访3~24个月,13例临床症状消失或明显改善,3例部分缓解,1例无明显变化,无肿瘤复发、椎体滑脱和脊柱畸形患者。结论单侧半椎板入路切除椎管内神经鞘瘤疗效可靠、创伤小、恢复快、对脊椎稳定性影响小。     

单侧部分椎板切除入路显微手术治疗椎管内肿瘤

目的 探讨单侧部分椎板切除治疗椎管内肿瘤对脊柱稳定性的影响和适应证的选择。 方法 对2005年10月至2010年12月椎管肿瘤45例患者采用单剥离一侧椎旁肌,单侧部分椎板切除微创入路,应用显微外科技术切除肿瘤,回顾分析临床资料及随访结果。 结果 神经鞘瘤19例、脊膜瘤11例、神经纤维瘤4例、表皮样囊肿3例和畸胎瘤3例均手术全切除,胸椎管内表皮样囊肿l例和脊髓圆锥部畸胎瘤4例残留少许包膜或瘤体。随访3个月～6年,失访4例。术中肿瘤全切除者无肿瘤复发。1例因胸腔积液肺不张致脊柱畸形。其余病例均无因手术而继发畸形。 结论 单侧部分椎板切除入路治疗椎管内肿瘤损伤小,最有利于脊柱稳定性的维持。对于椎管内与脊髓无粘连可分离的肿瘤,选用单侧部分椎板切除入路切除,可获得较好临床效果。     

高位颈段椎管内肿瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 探讨高位颈段椎管内肿瘤显微手术技巧和疗效。方法 1990年1月～2005年12月,采用后正中入路显微手术治疗81例高位颈段椎管内肿瘤。髓外硬脊膜下及硬膜外肿瘤神经纤维瘤、神经鞘瘤73例,脊膜瘤3例全切除;室管膜瘤3例全切除,星形细胞瘤2例行大部分切除。结果 按George等的评估方法：术后恢复良好75例,症状改善4例,2例无明显改善,无死亡。52例随访3个月～3年,（8.5±1.5）月。15例术后3个月MR检查未见肿瘤残存或复发;32例术后6个月颈椎正侧位及张口位片检查未见脊柱骨性结构变形,脊柱稳定性好。髓内肿瘤复发3例。结论 高位颈段椎管内肿瘤一旦诊断明确,应尽早显微手术。应用显微操作,重视微创原则,保护重要组织,维持或重建脊柱稳定,高位颈段椎管内肿瘤手术可获得良好效果。     

经单侧椎板"微孔"入路椎管内原发肿瘤的显微切除

目的 探讨椎管内原发肿瘤的微创治疗与脊柱功能保护的关系。方法 24例椎管内原发肿瘤位于颈段、胸段、腰段硬膜内或硬膜外腔，直径为0．9～3．0cm。精确定位下，根据肿瘤位置和大小情况，用磨钻磨开单侧椎板形成“微孔”，经此入路用显微手术全切除肿瘤。结果 经手术切除以及术后病理证实，神经纤维瘤、神经鞘瘤、脊膜瘤分别为9例、12例、3例，肿瘤全切除。术后3d均可转身运动，术后1周鼓励下床；无需要颈托、腰围等保护。术后3个月MR检查未见肿瘤残存或复发；随访6个月CT检查未见脊柱骨性结构变形。结论 单侧椎板“微孔”入路手术切除肿瘤彻底，是椎管内原发肿瘤的一种疗效较好的微创治疗方法。     

术中电生理动态监护下显微手术切除椎管神经鞘瘤（附65例报告）

目的 探讨术中电生理监护对椎管神经鞘瘤显微手术中的作用及意义，提高对椎管内神经鞘瘤的治疗水平。方法 回顾性分析65例术中电生理动态监护下，显微手术切除椎管内神经鞘瘤。结果 治愈60例（占92．3％），好转5例（占7．7％），无死亡；肿瘤全切62例，次全切除3例，全切率95．4％。结论 常规动态电生理监测下显微手术切除椎管神经鞘瘤，能保全脊髓神经的功能，减少副损伤，提高手术安全性；显微手术有助于提高肿瘤全切率，可有效减少术后复发。对影响脊柱稳定性的行脊柱融合内固定。     

多节段椎管内肿瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨多节段椎管内肿瘤的特点、诊断、手术方法及临床效果。方法 15例多节段椎管内肿瘤患者行MRI检查示肿瘤组织压迫脊髓。均行后路常规手术入路切除肿瘤,行钉棒系统内固定。结果 15例均获得随访,时间12～50个月。术后影像学检查植骨融合良好。术后6个月按Frankel分级:C级2例恢复至D级1例、E级1例,D级13例恢复至E级10例,3例无恢复。结论经后路全椎板切除肿瘤治疗多节段椎管内肿瘤,患者术后症状大多数可以明显改善。多节段椎板切开术后应给予脊柱内固定,以保持脊柱的稳定性。     

后路椎板切除手术治疗脊柱椎管内神经鞘瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨后路椎板切除手术治疗脊柱椎管内神经鞘瘤的临床疗效。方法 35例椎管内神经鞘瘤患者,颈段6例,胸段10例,腰骶段19例。4例位于脊髓髓内,21例位于髓外硬膜下,10例位于硬膜外,其中呈哑铃状8例。均行后路椎板切除手术治疗,其中9例肿瘤及带瘤神经根因不能分离或神经根变形坏死而一并切除,28例采用脊柱椎弓根或侧块内固定。术后随访观察临床疗效,复查X线和CT观察脊柱稳定性及植骨融合情况,复查MRI平扫+增强观察肿瘤有无复发。结果 35例患者肿瘤均被完整切除,术后病理结果证实均为神经鞘瘤。手术时间2～6小时,平均3. 6小时。术中出血量300～900 ml,平均450 ml。术后1例麻醉清醒后24小时内出现双下肢感觉、运动功能障碍,MRI未见明显血肿及脊髓压迫,考虑脊髓缺血再灌注损伤,及时予大剂量甲强龙激素冲击及脱水、营养神经治疗,症状明显改善。术后21例患者出现了不同程度的脑脊液漏。术后随访时间3～34个月,平均18. 2个月,所有患者的临床症状和神经功能均有明显改善,肿瘤无复发。随访期间,所有采用脊柱内固定术患者均未见椎体不稳的表现。结论后路椎板切除手术能有效治疗脊柱椎管内神经鞘瘤,结合显微镜技术能够更好地暴露及完全切除肿瘤,采用此方法治疗脊柱椎管内神经鞘瘤疗效满意。     

经部分半椎板入路切除椎管内神经鞘瘤的疗效评价

目的比较经部分半椎板手术入路和经典半椎板入路治疗椎管内神经鞘瘤的疗效及安全性。方法 2016年11月～2019年1月行部分半椎板入路切除的椎管内神经鞘瘤病人55例为研究组,同期行经典半椎板切除入路治疗的椎管内神经鞘瘤病人61例为对照组。比较两组肿瘤全切率、手术切口长度、术后切口感染率、术中失血量、手术时间、术后VAS疼痛评分、术后肌力恢复情况以及脊柱畸形发生率。结果两组病人肿瘤全切率、术后脊柱畸形发生率、术后肌力改善比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组术后24小时以及48小时VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,研究组手术切口小、术后切口感染率低、术中失血量少、手术时间短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经部分半椎板入路治疗椎管内神经鞘瘤,创伤小、手术风险低,且不增加术后早期和晚期并发症发生率,不影响肿瘤全切率。     

椎管内髓外神经鞘瘤手术方式的多中心临床回顾性研究

[目的]探讨手术治疗椎管内髓外神经鞘瘤的手术疗效和治疗策略。[方法]回顾性分析2008年6月～2010年11月手术治疗并获得完整随访的84例椎管神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料。手术方式分为:A种,全椎板切除+肿瘤显微摘除术;B种,半椎板切除+肿瘤摘除术;C种,全椎板切除+肿瘤摘除+椎弓根螺钉内固定术;D种,全椎板切除+肿瘤摘除术。以肿瘤所在部位:颈段、胸段、腰骶段分别进行评价患者肿瘤全切除率,手术时间,术中出血量,手术并发症,住院天数,住院总费用,采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)、日本矫形外科协会(JOA)评分标准。[结果]颈段椎管内髓外神经鞘瘤的切除首选半椎板切除+肿瘤摘除术。腰骶段神经鞘瘤建议采用全椎板切除+肿瘤摘除+椎弓根螺钉内固定术。胸段神经鞘瘤患者适用于全椎板切除+肿瘤显微摘除术。[结论]进行椎管内髓外神经鞘瘤手术方式的选择时,应根据肿瘤所在部位的不同,采取不同的手术方式进行有效治疗。     

寰椎后弓半切除在高位上颈椎哑铃状神经鞘瘤手术的应用

目的:探讨寰椎后弓半切除在高位上颈椎哑铃状神经鞘瘤手术的可行性及临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析2005年1月至2018年12月高位上颈椎哑铃状神经鞘瘤患者13例,男10例,女3例;年龄19～67岁;枕骨大孔至C1平面4例,C1,2平面9例.进行寰椎后弓半切除摘除肿瘤,未内固定,临床疗效采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual a...     

Dumbbell C2 schwannomas involving both sensory and motor rootlets: report of two cases

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Intradural-extradural dumbbell C2 schwannomas are rare. This report concerns two such cases with the intradural compartment located ventral to the spinal cord and involving both sensory and motor rootlets. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: One patient was a 57-year-old woman with sensory disturbances in the right extremities and hyperreflexia in the left extremities. The other patient was a 73-year-old man who presented with tetraparesis, walking disability, atrophy of the nuchal and bilateral shoulder muscles, and pain in the right C2 dermatome. INTERVENTION: The extradural component of the tumor was removed first; next, the intradural component was removed successfully via the posterior approach combined with a C1-C2 laminectomy. The patients experienced symptomatic improvement without further deficits except for sensory impairment of the C2 dermatome in one of the patients. CONCLUSION: Intradural-extradural dumbbell C2 schwannomas can be satisfactorily managed with a posterior approach. Removal of the extradural component and opening of the dural ring of the C2 nerve root are necessary for safe extraction of the intradural ventrally located component after debulking. These tumors may arise extradurally within the nerve sheath, extend intradurally and ventrally toward the spinal cord, and involve both sensory and motor rootlets.     

Trigeminal schwannomas: experience with 57 cases and a review of the literature

Trigeminal schwannoma is a mostly benign tumor that can be cured by complete resection. Over the last few decades, several pioneers have developed surgical approaches enabling the total removal of such tumors. We analyzed 57 patients who underwent radical surgery, including 45 patients who underwent skull base surgery as their initial treatment, for removal of trigeminal schwannomas. Here, we report the surgical management of these cases. Since 1990, all such patients have been treated using three main types of middle fossa skull base approaches, which minimize the exposure of the brain: the anterior transpetrosal approach, subtemporal interdural approach (Dolenc), or a combination of these approaches. Before 1990, total tumor removal was achieved in only three of eight patients (38%). After 1990, the tumors were totally removed in 43 patients (90%) and were nearly completely removed in an additional three patients (6%). Among the patients who underwent skull base surgery as their initial treatment, a complete resection was achieved in 93% (42/45 patients) of the cases. However, total surgical removal after surgery and Gamma knife surgery was very difficult because of dense adhesions to the brain stem and cranial nerves. No surgery-related mortalities occurred in this series, and the individual KPS scores were more than 90% among the patients who underwent skull base surgery. No recurrences requiring additional surgery have occurred after an average follow-up period of 4.9 years. Most of the trigeminal schwannomas could be removed totally and safely during a single operation after the introduction of skull base surgery. Therefore, radiosurgery should not be applied as the treatment of first choice for younger patients. A correct anatomical knowledge is critical for minimizing brain exposure and avoiding surgical complications.     

Clinical features of multiple spinal schwannomas without vestibular schwannomas

BackgroundMultiple spinal cord tumors in a single patient are very rare and most often seen in cases of neurofibromatosis and associated disorders. Schwannomatosis, which is characterized by the development of multiple schwannomas without vestibular schwannomas, has been newly defined as a distinct form of neurofibromatosis. The purpose of the present study was to describe and review the clinical and radiological features and the management of patients with multiple spinal schwannomas without vestibular schwannomas.MethodsBetween 1986 and 2016, 19 patients with multiple spinal schwannomas without vestibular schwannoma were diagnosed and treated. Of the 19 patients, 13 were males, and 6 were females. The mean age at the first surgery for spinal schwannoma was 45.2 years old. The mean follow-up period was 123.4 months. The clinical features and radiological findings of the patients with multiple spinal schwannomas were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsAmong the 19 patients, there were more than 140 spinal schwannomas. The most common area of spinal schwannoma was the thoracolumbar-lumbar region. Initial symptoms and chief complaints caused by spinal schwannomas were primarily pain in the trunk or extremities in 17 (89.5%) of 19 patients. More than 60 spinal schwannomas were surgically resected. Multiple spinal surgeries were required in six patients. In all 19 patients, surgical treatment has provided successful relief of symptoms and neurological recovery.ConclusionsSurgical treatment was safe and effective in patients with multiple spinal schwannomas without vestibular schwannomas. After surgery, we recommend that all patients be followed with magnetic resonance imaging to monitor for asymptomatic tumors or detect new tumors early.     

Use of uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery combined with a posterior approach to resect a dumbbell-shaped mediastinal granular cell tumor: A case report

IntroductionA dumbbell-shaped mediastinal granular cell tumor has never been reported, and there have been no reports of dumbbell-shaped tumors resected with a combination of uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery and the posterior approach.Presentation of caseAn 18-year-old woman was diagnosed with a mediastinal dumbbell-shaped granular cell tumor by computed tomography. Complete resection was achieved via a posterior approach combined with the uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery. First, a T3 left hemilaminectomy was performed in the prone position and the tumor located inside the intervertebral foramen was removed as far as possible. Next, the patient was repositioned to the right lateral decubitus position, a 2.5-cm skin incision was made on the 4th intercostal posterior axillary line, and resection of the residual tumor was performed. Pathological diagnosis of the resected tumor revealed a benign granular cell tumor. The patient recovered post-surgery and no tumor was reported in the 4-month follow-up magnetic resonance imaging.DiscussionThis is the first reported case of a mediastinal dumbbell-shaped granular cell tumor and its successful resection using a combined posterior and uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery approach.ConclusionThis is a potentially safe and effective procedure for mediastinal granular cell tumors, with outstanding cosmetic advantages.     

Unilateral partial hemilaminectomy in the removal of a large spinal ependymoma

Background contextAlthough the hemilaminectomy technique is known to neurosurgeons performing spinal surgery, laminectomy traditionally has been used during spinal canal surgery for extirpation of spinal cord tumors.PurposeAlthough the technique of unilateral partial hemilaminectomy is familiar in its various permutations to surgeons, its application in the spinal tumor surgery has been rarely reported. The aim of this study was to review the literature about the management of spinal cord ependymomas and to discuss the major controversies in treatment.Study designCase report.Patient sampleA 52-year-old man.MethodsThe 52-year-old man complained of backache and leg pain bilaterally, dominant on the left side. Spinal magnetic resonance images revealed an intradural mass at the T12–L2 level. A left unilateral hemilaminectomy of the T12–L1 and L2 was performed with the help of high-speed air drills under microscopic magnification and a midline incision was made on the dura. The tumor was totally removed.ResultsBy using microsurgical techniques and with the help of high-speed drills, a unilateral approach to the intramedullary tumors proved itself to be a safe and easy method in this case. It protected the posterior supporting elements and also permitted the surgeon to manipulate the intradural contralateral side easily. The only difficulty during the operation was the suturing of the dural sac.ConclusionsThis case report emphasizes the need to consider the hemilaminectomy technique in spinal tumor surgery.     

Surgical treatment of retroperitoneal presacral large schwannoma by the anterior transabdominal approach: two cases reports

Retroperitoneal schwannomas are relatively rare. However, when the tumors occur, they can be large and difficult to diagnose at an early stage because of their vague symptoms. Although surgery is the only treatment, the choice of surgical approach depends upon pathological type, the degree of sacral destruction, and intrapelvic extension. If a large component is present presacrally, an anterior transabdominal approach should be chosen to gain control of the tumor bleeding. We report two cases of large schwannoma in the retroperitoneal presacral space that was removed by the anterior transabdominal approach. We performed an intracapsular piecemeal resection with preservation of the tumor capsule, and were able to remove the tumor gross totally without any postoperative deficit. For this reason, we think that retroperitoneal presacral larger schwannoma should be removed leaving the capsule intact and using the anterior transabdominal approach to prevent injury of the adjacent structures.     

Ⅰ期手术经后路病灶清除内固定治疗儿童胸椎结核

目的:探讨Ⅰ期手术经后路结核病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗儿童胸椎结核的效果.方法:2005年6月至2010年12月采用病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗儿童胸椎结核9例,其中男7例,女2例;年龄3～12岁,平均7岁;病史3个月～1年,平均6个月.患儿均有不同程度胸背痛、肋间神经痛以及脊柱后凸畸形,同时伴有低热、盗汗、消瘦等全身症状.术前X线片、CT、MRI检查提示病变部位多发生于T4-T9节段.胸段后凸角35°～72°,平均48.2°.术前脊髓功能ASIA分级:B级2例,C级5例,D级2例.术后定期复查X线片了解后凸角变化和椎间植骨融合情况,采用ASIA分级评定术后脊髓功能恢复情况.结果:术中无大血管或脊髓损伤,术后随访16～38个月,平均24个月.所有患儿结核症状消失,无结核复发、切口感染、窦道形成或内固定失败等并发症,复查血沉正常.术后4～8个月复查X线片提示椎间植骨均获骨性愈合,内固定位置正常.最后随访后凸角12°～30°,平均19.5°,脊髓功能ASIA分级:C级2例,D级2例,E级5例.脊髓功能均有不同程度改善.结论:Ⅰ期经后路清除胸椎结核病灶彻底,椎管减压可靠,矫形效果显著,行自体或同种异体骨植骨钉棒系统内固定可有效重建胸段脊柱的稳定性.     

Malignant pheochromocytoma with liver invasion treated successfully by combined retroperitoneal laparoscopic control of arterial in-flow followed by open hepatectomy: A case report

IntroductionPheochromocytoma surgery is generally challenging for surgeons and anesthesiologists for cardiovascular complications.Presentation of caseA 54-year-old Japanese man was found to have a large right pheochromocytoma infiltrating the posterior part of his liver and vena cava and multiple lung metastases. After retroperitoneal laparoscopic dissection of the dorsal side of the tumor and ligation of the feeding vessels, total resection of the primary tumor, extended posterior sectional hepatectomy, and partial vena cava resection were performed by open surgery via a thoracoabdominal approach. Abundant congestive bleeding with instability of vital signs occurred during transection. It could be finally controlled by dissect the remnant feeding artery in the inmost space. Prior control of arterial in-flow enabled successful completion of the planned surgical procedure. The patient has now survived for 27 months since resection of the primary lesion.ConclusionLigation of the feeding arteries to this hypervascular catecholamine-releasing tumor via a retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach prior to performing combined organ resection facilitated successful excision of this large malignant pheochromocytoma.