2017-2019年嘉兴地区非结核分枝杆菌流行状况分析

目的 了解嘉兴地区非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)菌种分布、流行情况及变化。方法 收集2017年1月至2019年12月嘉兴地区所有结核定点医院分离NTM菌株,采用16SrRNA、rpoB和hsp65基因测序进行菌种鉴定,并对NTM感染患者性别、年龄、职业、优势菌种以及流行趋势等进行分析。结果 241例样本中检出242株NTM,总分离率为15.2%,分离率逐年上升。NTM感染患者男性多于女性,以中老年农民为主,不同性别、年龄和职业NTM感染患者菌种分布差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。所有NTM共13个菌种组成,以胞内分枝杆菌52.5%为主,其次为堪萨斯分枝杆菌19%和脓肿分枝杆菌18.6%。近3年堪萨斯分枝杆菌分离率逐年下降趋势(χ²=7.433,P≤0.05),而胞内分枝杆菌与脓肿分枝杆菌分离率无趋势变化(P>0.05)。结论 嘉兴地区NTM流行以中老年农民为主,种类较多,以胞内分枝杆菌、堪萨斯分枝杆菌和脓肿分枝杆菌为主要菌种。     

2011-2018年四川省自贡市分枝杆菌临床分离株鉴定分析

目的了解自贡市肺部感染分枝杆菌的菌种菌型特征,为临床分枝杆菌病的诊断和治疗及制定有效防控策略提供科学依据。方法收集2011－2018年临床疑似结核病患者分离到的抗酸染色阳性培养物,经对硝基苯甲酸（PNB）和噻吩-2-羧酸肼（TCH）鉴别培养和多位点PCR鉴定为结核分枝杆菌和非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）,再经rpoB和hsp65序列分析对NTM进行种的鉴定。结果2 751株分枝杆菌临床分离株经PNB/TCH鉴别培养基和多位点PCR鉴定,结核分枝杆菌2 647株,占96.22%,非洲分枝杆菌Ⅰ型32株,占1.16%,NTM 72株,占2.62%。 72株NTM鉴定出11个种。结论自贡市分枝杆菌肺部感染主要为结核分枝杆菌所致,感染致病的NTM种类较多,以脓肿分枝杆菌、胞内分枝杆菌、堪萨斯分枝杆菌和鸟分枝杆菌为主。 外来分枝杆菌和奥巴涅分枝杆菌在国内为首次报道。     

福建省长乐市80株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株可变数目串联重复序列基因分型研究

目的研究福建省长乐市结核分枝杆菌临床分离株的基因型构成、主要流行株及其相关传播流行特征。方法选择15个可变数目串联重复序列(variable number of tandem repeats,VNTR),对来源于长乐市结核分枝杆菌的临床分离菌株DNA进行检测,检测结果使用Bio Numerics 5.0软件进行聚类分析。结果 80株结核分枝杆菌被分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ7大基因群,以Ⅰ群为主,包含59(73.8%)个株菌;流动人口结核分枝杆菌基因群为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ,常住人口为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅷ;流动人口与常住人口的结核分枝杆菌VNTR基因型存在一定差异,但均以Ⅰ群为主。Ⅰ群菌株耐药性与其他基因群的耐药性差异无显著统计学意义(P0.05)。结论初步明确长乐市结核分枝杆菌菌株有7大基因群,存在明显的基因多态性,以Ⅰ群流行为主,应加强此群菌株流行的监控。     

鼻疽分枝杆菌致肺部感染一例

正非结核分枝杆菌(nontuberculosis mycobacteria,NTM)是结核分枝杆菌复合群和麻风分枝杆菌以外的分枝杆菌的统称,目前已有150多种,证实与人类疾病相关的NTM有近50种,主要引起肺部感染[1]。全国结核病流调显示NTM在分枝杆菌分离株的占比由4.2%(1984—1985年)增长至22.9%(2010年)[2-3]。鼻疽分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium farcinogenes)是临床少见的NTM,属于快速生     

苏州地区非结核分枝杆菌的菌种鉴定和药敏相关性分析

目的 分析苏州地区非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)的菌种鉴定组成结构以及耐药情况。方法 药敏试验采用改良的罗氏培养比例法。采用基因芯片对非结核分枝杆菌进行菌种鉴定。结果 苏州地区的非结核分枝杆菌共鉴定出6种,其中包括:胞内分枝杆菌73株(57.2%),堪萨斯分枝杆菌32株(25%),龟/脓肿分枝杆菌15株(11.7%),鸟分枝杆菌6株(4.7%),草分枝杆菌1株(0.7%),偶然分枝杆菌1株(0.7%)。NTM对抗结核一线药物的链霉素和异烟肼的耐药率最高,分别为95.3%和98.4%。其次对利福平和乙胺丁醇的耐药率分别为72.7%与28.9%。对与二线药物对氨基水杨酸与阿米卡星的耐药率最高,分别是99.1%和90.2%。其次对左氧氟沙星和丙硫异烟胺的耐药率为76.5%与18.6%。结论 苏州地区的NTM以胞内分枝杆菌为主,且不同的NTM之间对于药物的耐药情况存在差异,准确进行菌种鉴定,有利于患者的精准治疗。     

鼻疽分枝杆菌致肺部感染1例

<正>非结核分枝杆菌(nontuberculosis mycobacteria,NTM)是结核分枝杆菌复合群和麻风分枝杆菌以外的分枝杆菌的统称,目前已有150多种,证实与人类疾病相关的NTM有近50种,主要引起肺部感染[1]。全国结核病流调显示NTM在分枝杆菌分离株的占比由4.2%(1984—1985年)增长至22.9%(2010年)[2-3]。鼻疽分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium farcinogenes)是临床少见的NTM,属于快速生     

基因芯片技术分析HIV合并非结核分枝杆菌感染患者的菌种分布和免疫学特征

目的利用基因芯片技术检测非结核分枝杆菌(NTM),以此了解该院人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)合并NTM感染患者的菌种分布和免疫学特征。方法分析该院2012年9月至2019年12月从90例HIV感染者标本中分离到的90株NTM的分布情况,并分析患者的CD4~+T淋巴细胞检测结果。结果 90例HIV合并NTM感染患者中共检出鸟分枝杆菌73株(81.11%),堪萨斯分枝杆菌6株(6.67%),龟脓分枝杆菌4株(4.44%),戈登分枝杆菌2株(2.22%),瘰疬分枝杆菌2株(2.22%),偶然分枝杆菌2株(2.22%),浅黄分枝杆菌1株(1.11%)。CD4~+T淋巴细胞50个/μL的患者多为鸟分枝杆菌感染(42.22%);其次为堪萨斯分枝杆菌(4.44%),CD4~+T淋巴细胞为50～200个/μL的患者感染鸟分枝杆菌也居多(28.89%)。结论鸟分枝杆菌是HIV合并NTM感染的主要菌种,基因芯片检测技术能够快速对NTM进行鉴定,并能用于多种类型标本检测,是值得推广的检测NTM感染的方法。     

非结核分枝杆菌469株临床药敏结果分析

目的:分析我院2009年469例非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)的临床药敏试验结果.方法:对469株NTM进行菌种鉴定和药敏试验.结果:NTM感染占分枝杆菌属培养阳性率为19.93%,感染菌株由高到低依次为鸟-胞内分枝杆菌(26.23%),龟分枝杆菌(18.37%),龟-偶发分枝杆菌复合群(13.43%),耻垢分枝杆菌(占9.59%),龟-脓肿分枝杆菌复合群(5.54%)等;469株NTM对异烟肼、力克肺疾呈高度耐药性,其他由高到低排列显示对链霉素、利福平、左氧氟沙星、乙胺丁醇、丙硫异烟胺、莫西沙星、利福布丁的耐药性也较强,而对克拉霉素、阿米卡星较为敏感.结论:NTM感染菌种的分布以Ⅳ组为主;NTM对常用的抗结核药呈高度耐药,有待更有效的治疗手段.     

绍兴市60株非结核分枝杆菌的耐药性检测

目的：分析绍兴市1997—2003年非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)耐药情况。方法：对60株NTM进行菌种鉴定及药敏试验。结果：NTM对对氨柳酸呈高度耐药，对链霉素、异烟肼、利福平和乙胺丁醇的耐药性较高．对阿米卡星、乙硫异烟胺较为敏感。堪萨斯分枝杆菌对抗结核药物较敏感，瘰疬、鸟一胞内、偶发分枝杆菌对抗结核药物耐药性较高。结论：绍兴市NTM引起肺病所占比例小，仅为2．8％，明显低于全国水平，NTM高耐药率应引起重视，有待解决的是研制新药与更有效的治疗手段。     

柳州市区及周边地区临床分离非结核分枝杆菌的菌种分布研究

目的分析柳州市区及周边地区近年非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)临床分离率和菌种分布特征,掌握该地区NTM优势菌群,为NTM感染的临床诊治工作提供参考依据。方法选取2016年3月至2019年4月柳州市区及周边地区分枝杆菌临床分离株1033株,经PNB法初步鉴定,获得NTM菌株184株,再用微阵列基因芯片法行进一步的菌种鉴定。结果184株NTM经微阵列基因芯片法鉴定,检测出9种NTM,其中鸟分枝杆菌占比最大,为50.5%,其次是龟/脓肿分枝杆菌,占27.1%,胞内分枝杆菌占8.2%,戈登分枝杆菌占3.8%,堪萨斯分枝杆菌占3.3%,偶然分枝杆菌、浅黄分枝杆菌、苏尔加/玛尔摩分枝杆菌各占2.2%,土分枝杆菌占0.5%。184例NTM感染患者中,85.9%患者年龄为40岁及以上。结论鸟分枝杆菌和龟/脓肿分枝杆菌为柳州市区及周边地区近年流行的NTM菌种,中老年人为NTM的易感人群,NTM主要引起肺部感染。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.